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Difference between revisions of "Four tenet systems"

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[[Four tenet systems]] — in the [[Indian]] [[Mahayana]] [[Buddhist]] [[monasteries]], such as [[Nalanda]], [[monks]] studied four systems of [[Buddhist]] {{Wiki|tenets}}. These systems are:
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[[Four tenet systems]] — in the [[Indian]] [[Mahayana]] [[Buddhist monasteries]], such as [[Nalanda]], [[monks]] studied four systems of [[Buddhist]] {{Wiki|tenets}}.
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These systems are:
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<poem>
 
#[[Vaibhashika]]
 
#[[Vaibhashika]]
 
#[[Sautrantika]]  
 
#[[Sautrantika]]  
 
#[[Chittamatra]]
 
#[[Chittamatra]]
 
#[[Madhyamika]]
 
#[[Madhyamika]]
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</poem>
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The [[Tibetans]] have followed this {{Wiki|custom}}, but have made further subdivisions within these four systems.
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For example, within [[Madhyamaka]], they have differentiated [[Svatantrika Madhyamaka]] from [[Prasangika Madhyamaka]].
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Within [[Svatantrika Madhyamaka]], the [[Gelug]] school has further classified [[Indian]] authors as [[Yogachara]] [[Svatantrika]] or [[Sautrantika]] [[Svatantrika]].
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The various non-[[Gelug]] schools have subdivided [[Madhyamaka]] in yet other ways.
  
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The [[Tibetans]] have followed this {{Wiki|custom}}, but have made further subdivisions within these four systems. For example, within [[Madhyamaka]], they have differentiated [[Svatantrika]] [[Madhyamaka]] from [[Prasangika]] [[Madhyamaka]]. Within [[Svatantrika]] [[Madhyamaka]], the [[Gelug]] school has further classified [[Indian]] authors as [[Yogachara]] [[Svatantrika]] or [[Sautrantika]] [[Svatantrika]]. The various non-Gelug schools have subdivided [[Madhyamaka]] in yet other ways.
 
  
 
==Major Authors and Texts==
 
==Major Authors and Texts==
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'''[[Vaibhashika]]'''
 
'''[[Vaibhashika]]'''
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:*[[Vasubandhu]] (400-480)
 
:*[[Vasubandhu]] (400-480)
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::*[[Abhidharmakosha]]
 
::*[[Abhidharmakosha]]
  
 
'''[[Sautrantika]]'''
 
'''[[Sautrantika]]'''
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:*[[Dignaga]] (circa 6th century)
 
:*[[Dignaga]] (circa 6th century)
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::*[[Compendium of Logic]]
 
::*[[Compendium of Logic]]
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:*[[Dharmakirti]] (7th Century)
 
:*[[Dharmakirti]] (7th Century)
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::*[[Seven Treatises on Valid Cognition]] – a detailed commentary on the work of [[Dignaga]]
 
::*[[Seven Treatises on Valid Cognition]] – a detailed commentary on the work of [[Dignaga]]
  
 
'''[[Chittamatra]] (or [[Yogachara]])'''
 
'''[[Chittamatra]] (or [[Yogachara]])'''
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:*[[Asanga]]  
 
:*[[Asanga]]  
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::*[[Abhidharma-samuccaya]]
 
::*[[Abhidharma-samuccaya]]
  
 
'''[[Madhyamaka]]'''
 
'''[[Madhyamaka]]'''
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:*[[Nagarjuna]] (circa 150-250)
 
:*[[Nagarjuna]] (circa 150-250)
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::*[[Mulamadhyamaka-karika]] and [[Collection of Middle Way Reasoning|other texts]]
 
::*[[Mulamadhyamaka-karika]] and [[Collection of Middle Way Reasoning|other texts]]
 
   
 
   
  
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'''Two Divisions of [[Madhyamaka]]'''<hr>
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'''[[Two Divisions of Madhyamaka]]'''<hr>
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''[[Svatantrika-Madhyamaka]]'' is studied in [[general]] in the context of far-reaching discriminating [[awareness]] ([[Wyl.]] ''[[phar-phyin]]'', Skt. [[prajnaparamita]], [[perfection of wisdom]]), as formulated by [[Maitreya]].
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''[[Svatantrika-Madhyamaka]]'' is studied in general in the context of far-reaching discriminating [[awareness]] ([[Wyl.]] ''[[phar-phyin]]'', Skt. [[prajnaparamita]], [[perfection of wisdom]]), as formulated by [[Maitreya]].
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:*[[Maitreya]]
 
:*[[Maitreya]]
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::*[[Abhisamayalankara]]
 
::*[[Abhisamayalankara]]
 
   
 
   
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''[[Prasangika-Madhyamaka]]'' is studied primarily through the works of [[Chandrakirti]] ([[Zla-ba grags-pa]]), [[Aryadeva]] (‘[[Phags-pa lha]]), [[Shantideva]] ([[Zhi-ba]] lha), and [[Buddhapalita]] (Sang-rgyas bskyangs).
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''[[Prasangika-Madhyamaka]]'' is studied primarily through the works of [[Chandrakirti]] ([[Zla-ba grags-pa]]), [[Aryadeva]] (‘[[Phags-pa lha]]), [[Shantideva]] ([[Zhi-ba lha]]), and [[Buddhapalita]] ([[Sang-rgyas bskyangs]]).
  
 
:*[[Chandrakirti]]
 
:*[[Chandrakirti]]
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::*[[Mulamadhyamaka-vrtti-buddhapalita]] – a commentary to [[Nagarjuna’s]] [[Mulamadhyamaka-karika]]
 
::*[[Mulamadhyamaka-vrtti-buddhapalita]] – a commentary to [[Nagarjuna’s]] [[Mulamadhyamaka-karika]]
  
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Other proponents of this tenet system are:
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Other proponents of this [[tenet]] system are:
 
:*[[Patsab Nyima Drak]] (1055-1145) – translated [[Chandrakirti]] into [[Tibetan]]
 
:*[[Patsab Nyima Drak]] (1055-1145) – translated [[Chandrakirti]] into [[Tibetan]]
 
:*[[Tsongkhapa]] (1357-1419) – wrote a commentary on the [[Madhyamakavatara]]
 
:*[[Tsongkhapa]] (1357-1419) – wrote a commentary on the [[Madhyamakavatara]]
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:*[[Kamalashila]]  
 
:*[[Kamalashila]]  
 
::*[[Stages of Meditation]]
 
::*[[Stages of Meditation]]
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::*[[Illumination for the Middle Way]] ([[Wyl.]] ''[[dBu-ma]] [[snang-ba]]'', Skt. Madhyamaka-aloka)
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::*[[Illumination for the Middle Way]] ([[Wyl.]] ''[[dBu-ma snang-ba]]'', Skt. [[Madhyamaka-aloka]])
 
:*[[Haribhadra]]
 
:*[[Haribhadra]]
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::*[[Sphutartha]] – a commentary to [[Maitreya’s]] “Ornament of Realizations”
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::*[[Sphutartha]] – a commentary to [[Maitreya’s]] “[[Ornament of Realizations]]”
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Other proponents of this [[tenet]] system are:
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Other proponents of this tenet system are:
 
 
:*[[Ngok Loden Sherab]] (1059-1109)
 
:*[[Ngok Loden Sherab]] (1059-1109)
 
:*[[Chapa Chökyi Sengé]] (1109-1169) – composed the first [[Tibetan]] summary of of [[Dharmakirti’s]] [[thought]].
 
:*[[Chapa Chökyi Sengé]] (1109-1169) – composed the first [[Tibetan]] summary of of [[Dharmakirti’s]] [[thought]].
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:*[[Bhavaviveka]]
 
:*[[Bhavaviveka]]
 
::*[[Madhyamaka-hrdaya]]
 
::*[[Madhyamaka-hrdaya]]
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::*[[Tarkajvala]] ([[Wyl.]] ''rTog-ge ‘bar-ba''), Blaze of {{Wiki|Reasoning}}; an autocommentary on Madhyamaka-hrdaya
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::*[[Tarkajvala]] ([[Wyl.]] ''[[rTog-ge ‘bar-ba]]''), Blaze of {{Wiki|Reasoning}}; an autocommentary on [[Madhyamaka-hrdaya]]
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==Further Reading=={{Nolinking|*[[Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche]], ''[[Progressive Stages of Meditation on Emptiness]]'', translated and arranged by [[Shenpen Hookham]] ([[Ithaca]] NY: [[Snow Lion Publications]] 2000).
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*Andy Karr, ''Contemplating Reality: A Practitioner's Guide to the View in [[Indo-Tibetan Buddhism]]'' ([[Boston]]: [[Shambhala]], 2007).
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*For a short, easy-to-understand explanation of the views of the four schools see: Appendix 11. The Four Schools of Buddhist Philosophy, pp.197-200 in ''The Light of [[Wisdom]] Volume 1''. [[Root text]] by [[Padmasambhava]] and commentary by [[Jamgön Kongtrül]] the Great. Published by [[Shambhala Publications]] ISBN 0-87773-566-2}}
  
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==Teachings Given to the [[About Rigpa|Rigpa]] [[Sangha]]==
 
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*[[Allan Wallace]], [[Dzogchen Beara]], [[Rigpa Shedra]], 2003
 
  
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==Further Reading==
 
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*[[Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche]], ''Progressive [[Stages of Meditation]] on [[Emptiness]]'', translated and arranged by Shenpen Hookham (Ithaca NY: Snow Lion Publications 2000).
 
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*Andy Karr, ''Contemplating [[Reality]]: A Practitioner's Guide to the [[View]] in Indo-Tibetan [[Buddhism]]'' (Boston: Shambhala, 2007).
 
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*For a short, easy-to-understand explanation of the [[views]] of the [[four schools]] see: Appendix 11. The [[Four Schools]] of [[Buddhist Philosophy]], pp.197-200 in ''The [[Light of Wisdom]] Volume 1''. [[Root text]] by [[Padmasambhava]] and commentary by [[Jamgön Kongtrül]] the Great. Published by [[Shambhala Publications]] ISBN 0-87773-566-2
 
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{RigpaWiki}}
 
{{RigpaWiki}}
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[[Category:Buddhist Philosophy]]
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[[Category:Buddhist Philosophy]]{{BuddhismbyNumber}}

Latest revision as of 08:35, 4 February 2016

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Four tenet systems — in the Indian Mahayana Buddhist monasteries, such as Nalanda, monks studied four systems of Buddhist tenets.


These systems are:

  1. Vaibhashika
  2. Sautrantika
  3. Chittamatra
  4. Madhyamika

The Tibetans have followed this custom, but have made further subdivisions within these four systems.

For example, within Madhyamaka, they have differentiated Svatantrika Madhyamaka from Prasangika Madhyamaka.

Within Svatantrika Madhyamaka, the Gelug school has further classified Indian authors as Yogachara Svatantrika or Sautrantika Svatantrika.

The various non-Gelug schools have subdivided Madhyamaka in yet other ways.


Major Authors and Texts

Vaibhashika

Sautrantika


Chittamatra (or Yogachara)


Madhyamaka


Two Divisions of Madhyamaka


Svatantrika-Madhyamaka is studied in general in the context of far-reaching discriminating awareness (Wyl. phar-phyin, Skt. prajnaparamita, perfection of wisdom), as formulated by Maitreya.

Prasangika-Madhyamaka is studied primarily through the works of Chandrakirti (Zla-ba grags-pa), Aryadeva (‘Phags-pa lha), Shantideva (Zhi-ba lha), and Buddhapalita (Sang-rgyas bskyangs).

Other proponents of this tenet system are:


The Two Divisions of Svatantrika-Madhyamaka

Yogachara-Svatantrika is studied through the works of Shantarakshita and his disciples, Kamalashila and Haribhadra.


Other proponents of this tenet system are:


Sautrantika-Svatantrika


Further Reading



Footnotes

Source

RigpaWiki:Four tenet systems

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