Difference between revisions of "Ryomo Kyokai"
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| − | Ryōmō Kyōkai (両忘協会 "Ryōmō Society", was a lay Rinzai Zen Buddhist practice center located in Tokyo, Japan. | + | <nomobile>{{DisplayImages|3894|3907|4015|988}}</nomobile> |
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| + | [[Ryōmō Kyōkai]] ([[両忘協会]] "[[Ryōmō Society]]", was a lay [[Rinzai Zen Buddhist practice center]] located in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]. | ||
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== History == | == History == | ||
| − | === Intellectual society === | + | === [[Intellectual]] [[society]] === |
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| + | [[Ryōmō Kyōkai]] means "[[Association for the Abandonment of the Concepts of Objectivity and Subjectivity]]". It was founded at the beginning of the {{Wiki|Meiji}} restoration, when [[Japan]] started to modernize: | ||
| + | |||
| + | : The [[Zen]] lay practitioners [[Yamaoka Tesshu]], [[Takahashi Deishu]] and other top leaders of our country asked [[Soryu-kutsu Imakita Kosen]] [[Roshi]], the [[chief abbot]] of [[Engaku-ji Temple]] in [[Wikipedia:Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]], | ||
| + | |||
| + | to establish a group for intensive [[Zen Meditation]] (the later [[Ryobo-Kai]]) in [[Order]] to train [[promising]] figures, being anxious for the {{Wiki|future}} of the [[State]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | It attracted figures such as [[Imakita Kōsen]] (1816–1892) ([[abbot]] of the [[Rinzai]] [[Monastery Engakuji]], and [[Teacher]] of [[Soyen Shaku]]), [[Nakajima Nobuyuki]], | ||
| − | + | [[Kawajiri Hōkin]], and [[Nakae Chomin]] (1847–1901). [[Kōsen]] was its {{Wiki|honorary}} leader but not its founder. | |
| − | + | It served as an [[Intellectual]] [[society]] for the [[discussion]] of [[Buddhism]] and [[Zazen practice]]. The {{Wiki|rules}} of the [[society]] were as follows: | |
| − | |||
| − | + | # Members could discuss anything they wanted except {{Wiki|politics}} and "[[worldly]] affairs". | |
| + | # Meals were limited to {{Wiki|rice}}, [[sake]], and three [[bowls]] of vegetables. | ||
| + | # Participants would be honest and {{Wiki|polite}}. | ||
| + | # New participants would be introduced by an [[existing]] member and affirm their [[Vows]] every month. | ||
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=== Lay practice === | === Lay practice === | ||
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| − | In 1906 | + | [[Ryōmō Kyōkai]] was revived by [[Tetsuo Sō Katsu]], [[Dharma]] descendant of [[Soyen Shaku]]. |
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| + | The revival was more frequently called "[[Ryōbō Zen Kyōkai]]" or "[[Ryōbō Kai]]" in [[Japan]], owing to a more {{Wiki|modern}} [[kanji]] reading. | ||
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| + | [[Tetsuo Sō Katsu]] received the [[Name]] [[Ryobo-an]] from [[Ryoga-kutsu Roshi]]. | ||
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| + | He opened [[Ryōbō Kai]] for lay practitioners, and went so far as to give [[Dharma transmission]] to lay practitioners, which before was restricted to {{Wiki|priests}}. | ||
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| + | In 1906 [[Sō Katsu]] traveled to the {{Wiki|USA}} with a group of students, among them [[Sokei-an Sasaki]] and [[Gotō Zuigan]], who would become two of his [[Dharma]] heirs. | ||
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| + | A branch was established on Sutter Street in [[San Francisco]] after [[Sō Katsu]] arrived in [[America]]. | ||
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| + | It attracted [[lay Buddhists]] and possibly inspired the [[Form]] of [[Zen practice]] centers throughout the [[Western World]]. [[Sō Katsu]] stayed in the {{Wiki|USA}} four years before returning to [[Japan]], leaving only [[Sokei-an]] behind. | ||
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| + | [[Sokei-an]] lived most of his adult [[Life]] in the [[Wikipedia:United States of America (USA)|United States]], returning to [[Japan]] only briefly on four occasions, principally to complete his [[Zen]] {{Wiki|training}} and receive his final [[Dharma transmission]] from [[Sō]][[Katsu]]. | ||
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| + | In 1930 he established the [[Buddhist Society of America]] in {{Wiki|New York City}}, initially as a branch of [[Ryōmō Kyōkai]]; this was renamed the [[First Zen Institute of America]] after [[World War II]], and continues to this day, in spite of having no resident [[Teacher]]. | ||
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| + | The [[Japanese]] revival was disbanded after [[World War II]], and the [[San Francisco]] branch likely was lost during the [[Japanese]] [[American]] internment. | ||
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| + | === [[Ningen Zen Kyodan]] === | ||
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| + | [[Ryobo-an Roshi]] gave [[Dharma transmission]] to [[Koun-an Tatsuta Eizan]] [[Roshi]], [[Ichimu-an Ohazama Chikudo]] [[Roshi]], [[Gotō Zuigan]] [[Roshi]], and [[Sokei-an Sasaki Shigetsu Roshi]]. | ||
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| + | [[Koun-an Roshi]] founded [[Ningen Zen]], "[[Zen cultivation of the human Spirit]]". | ||
| − | + | The [[Ningen en Kyodan]]. | |
| − | + | Its [[Mission]] is "to establish an [[earthly]] [[paradise]]". | |
| − | + | In this, it sees itself as "[[essentially]] different from the [[traditional]] [[Zen Buddhists]] who aimed principally at [[Dharma]]-[[Transmission]] for the [[sake]] of [[Dharma]]-[[Transmission]]". | |
| − | + | The [[Ningen Zen Kyodan]] has sixteen groups and sixteen [[Meditation centers]], and twelve [[Zen masters]], who received [[Dharma transmission]] from [[Koun-an Roshi]]. | |
{{W}} | {{W}} | ||
Latest revision as of 06:58, 4 February 2016
Ryōmō Kyōkai (両忘協会 "Ryōmō Society", was a lay Rinzai Zen Buddhist practice center located in Tokyo, Japan.
History
Intellectual society
Ryōmō Kyōkai means "Association for the Abandonment of the Concepts of Objectivity and Subjectivity". It was founded at the beginning of the Meiji restoration, when Japan started to modernize:
- The Zen lay practitioners Yamaoka Tesshu, Takahashi Deishu and other top leaders of our country asked Soryu-kutsu Imakita Kosen Roshi, the chief abbot of Engaku-ji Temple in Kamakura,
to establish a group for intensive Zen Meditation (the later Ryobo-Kai) in Order to train promising figures, being anxious for the future of the State.
It attracted figures such as Imakita Kōsen (1816–1892) (abbot of the Rinzai Monastery Engakuji, and Teacher of Soyen Shaku), Nakajima Nobuyuki,
Kawajiri Hōkin, and Nakae Chomin (1847–1901). Kōsen was its honorary leader but not its founder.
It served as an Intellectual society for the discussion of Buddhism and Zazen practice. The rules of the society were as follows:
- Members could discuss anything they wanted except politics and "worldly affairs".
- Meals were limited to rice, sake, and three bowls of vegetables.
- Participants would be honest and polite.
- New participants would be introduced by an existing member and affirm their Vows every month.
Lay practice
Ryōmō Kyōkai was revived by Tetsuo Sō Katsu, Dharma descendant of Soyen Shaku.
The revival was more frequently called "Ryōbō Zen Kyōkai" or "Ryōbō Kai" in Japan, owing to a more modern kanji reading.
Tetsuo Sō Katsu received the Name Ryobo-an from Ryoga-kutsu Roshi.
He opened Ryōbō Kai for lay practitioners, and went so far as to give Dharma transmission to lay practitioners, which before was restricted to priests.
In 1906 Sō Katsu traveled to the USA with a group of students, among them Sokei-an Sasaki and Gotō Zuigan, who would become two of his Dharma heirs.
A branch was established on Sutter Street in San Francisco after Sō Katsu arrived in America.
It attracted lay Buddhists and possibly inspired the Form of Zen practice centers throughout the Western World. Sō Katsu stayed in the USA four years before returning to Japan, leaving only Sokei-an behind.
Sokei-an lived most of his adult Life in the United States, returning to Japan only briefly on four occasions, principally to complete his Zen training and receive his final Dharma transmission from SōKatsu.
In 1930 he established the Buddhist Society of America in New York City, initially as a branch of Ryōmō Kyōkai; this was renamed the First Zen Institute of America after World War II, and continues to this day, in spite of having no resident Teacher.
The Japanese revival was disbanded after World War II, and the San Francisco branch likely was lost during the Japanese American internment.
Ningen Zen Kyodan
Ryobo-an Roshi gave Dharma transmission to Koun-an Tatsuta Eizan Roshi, Ichimu-an Ohazama Chikudo Roshi, Gotō Zuigan Roshi, and Sokei-an Sasaki Shigetsu Roshi.
Koun-an Roshi founded Ningen Zen, "Zen cultivation of the human Spirit".
The Ningen en Kyodan.
Its Mission is "to establish an earthly paradise".
In this, it sees itself as "essentially different from the traditional Zen Buddhists who aimed principally at Dharma-Transmission for the sake of Dharma-Transmission".
The Ningen Zen Kyodan has sixteen groups and sixteen Meditation centers, and twelve Zen masters, who received Dharma transmission from Koun-an Roshi.
