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| − | Dvesha (Sanskrit, also dveṣa; Pali: dosa; Tibetan: zhe sdang) - is a Buddhist term that is translated as "aversion", "aggression", "anger", etc. It can be defined as a fear of getting what we don't want, or not getting what we do want. Dvesha (dosa) is identified in the following contexts within the Buddhist teachings: | + | [[File:18Dukkha.jpg|thumb|250px|]] |
| + | :See Also :{{Wiki|Aggression}}<br/> | ||
| + | '''[[Dvesha]]''' ([[Sanskrit]], also [[dveṣa]]; [[Pali]]: [[dosa]]; [[Tibetan]]: [[zhe sdang]]) - is a [[Buddhist]] term that is translated as "[[aversion]]", "[[aggression]]", "[[anger]]", etc. It can be defined as a {{Wiki|fear}} of getting what we don't want, or not getting what we do want. [[Dvesha]] ([[dosa]]) is identified in the following contexts within the [[Buddhist teachings]]: | ||
| − | * | + | * One of the [[three poisons]] within the [[Mahayana]] [[Buddhist]] [[tradition]]. |
| − | * | + | * One of the [[three unwholesome roots]] within the [[Theravada]] [[Buddhist]] [[tradition]] |
| − | * | + | * One of the fourteen [[unwholesome]] [[mental factors]] within the [[Theravada]] [[Abhidharma]] teachings |
| − | + | '''[[dvesha]]''' | |
| − | + | ||
| + | [[瞋恚・瞋]] (Skt; [[Pali]] [[dosa]]; Jpn [[shinni]] or [[shin]] ) | ||
| − | + | Also, [[pratigha]] or [[krodha]]. [[Hatred]], dislike, [[anger]], [[repugnance]], [[aversion]], or [[enmity]]. [[Dvesha]], or [[anger]], is one of the [[three poisons]], or the three sources of vice and [[suffering]], the other two [[being]] [[raga]] ([[greed]]) and [[moha]] ([[foolishness]]). See also [[anger]]; [[three poisons]]. | |
| − | : | + | ==Definitions== |
| + | ===[[Theravada]]=== | ||
| + | [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] states: | ||
| − | + | : [[Dosa]], the second [[unwholesome root]], comprises all kinds and degrees of [[aversion]], [[ill will]], [[anger]], [[irritation]], [[annoyance]], and [[animosity]]. Its [[characteristic]] is [[ferocity]]. Its [[function]] is to spread, or to burn up its own support, i.e., the [[mind]] and [[body]] in which it arises. It is [[manifested]] as persecuting, and its proximate [[cause]] is a ground for [[annoyance]]. | |
| − | + | In the [[Visuddhimagga]] (II, [[Book]] I, Part IX, [[Chapter]] III, 257) defines [[dosa]] as follows: | |
| − | + | : ...It has flying into [[anger]] or churlishness as [[characteristic]], like a smitten [[snake]]; spreading of itself or writhing as when {{Wiki|poison}} takes effect, as [[function]]; or, burning that on which it depends1 as [[function]], like jungle-[[fire]]; offending or injuring as [[manifestation]], like a foe who has got his chance; having the grounds of vexation as proximate [[cause]], like {{Wiki|urine}} mixed with [[poison]]. | |
| − | : | + | [[Nina van Gorkom]] explains: |
| − | + | : There always seem to be numerous [[causes]] for [[dosa]] and they invariably seem to be outside ourselves: other people's [[actions]] or [[unhappy]] events which occur. However, the real [[cause]] is within ourselves. [[Dosa]] has been [[accumulated]] and it can always find an [[object]]. We are [[attached]] to [[pleasant]] [[objects]] and when we do not [[experience]] [[pleasant]] [[objects]] there is [[bound]] to be [[dosa]]. When [[dosa]] arises it shows that the [[attachment]] which [[conditions]] it must be very strong. | |
| − | Within the Mahayana tradition, dvesha is the wish to avoid something, to separate from it, to reject it. The source of both raga (attachment) and dvesha (aversion) is avidya (ignorance). | + | ===[[Mahayana]] === |
| + | [[File:66988077.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| + | Within the [[Mahayana]] [[tradition]], [[dvesha]] is the wish to avoid something, to separate from it, to reject it. The source of both [[raga]] ([[attachment]]) and [[dvesha]] ([[aversion]]) is [[avidya]] ([[ignorance]]). | ||
| − | Mingyur Rinpoche explains: | + | [[Mingyur Rinpoche]] explains: |
| − | : | + | : Every strong [[attachment]] generates an equally powerful {{Wiki|fear}} that we’ll either fail to get what we want or lose whatever we’ve already gained. This {{Wiki|fear}}, in the [[language]] of [[Buddhism]], is known as [[aversion]]: a resistance to the inevitable changes that occur as a consequence of the [[impermanent]] [[nature]] of [[relative]] [[reality]]. |
| − | : | + | : The notion of a lasting, {{Wiki|independently}} [[existing]] [[self]] [[urges]] us to expend enormous [[effort]] in resisting the inevitability of change, making sure that this “[[self]]” remains safe and secure. When we’ve achieved some [[condition]] that makes us [[feel]] whole and complete, we want everything to stay exactly as it is. The deeper our [[attachment]] to whatever provides us with this [[sense]] of [[completeness]], the greater our {{Wiki|fear}} of losing it, and the more brutal our [[pain]] if we do lose it. |
| − | Geshe Tashi Tsering states: | + | [[Geshe]] [[Tashi Tsering]] states: |
| − | : | + | : [[Aversion]] ([[dvesha]]) refers to pushing away things that harm our [[sense]] of [[permanence]]... [It is] an {{Wiki|exaggeration}} of an [[object]] that arises from the fundamental [[ignorance]] of the way [[self]] and things [[exist]]. ...because the [[object]] harms the self’s notion of [[permanence]], the [[mind]] exaggerates its negative qualities. ...this [[mind]] of [[aversion]] can range from very gross to very {{Wiki|subtle}}... |
| + | [[File:London-A-protes.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| + | [[Alexander Berzin]] states: | ||
| − | + | : ([[Dvesha]] is) a subcategory of [[anger]] ([[pratigha]]): [[anger]] directed primarily, although not exclusively, at limited [[beings]]. One of the three {{Wiki|poisonous}} [[emotions]] and attitudes ([[three poisons]]). | |
| − | + | ==Alternate translations == | |
| − | + | * [[Aggression]] | |
| + | * [[Anger]] | ||
| + | * [[Aversion]] ([[Ringu Tulku]], [[Nina van Gorkom]], [[Geshe]] [[Tashi Tsering]]) | ||
| + | * [[Hatred]] ([[Bhikkhu Bodhi]]) | ||
| + | * [[Hostility]] ([[Alexander Berzin]]) | ||
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{{W}} | {{W}} | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Buddhist psychology]] | |
[[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | [[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | ||
| + | {{SanskritTerminology}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:16, 25 September 2014
- See Also :Aggression
Dvesha (Sanskrit, also dveṣa; Pali: dosa; Tibetan: zhe sdang) - is a Buddhist term that is translated as "aversion", "aggression", "anger", etc. It can be defined as a fear of getting what we don't want, or not getting what we do want. Dvesha (dosa) is identified in the following contexts within the Buddhist teachings:
- One of the three poisons within the Mahayana Buddhist tradition.
- One of the three unwholesome roots within the Theravada Buddhist tradition
- One of the fourteen unwholesome mental factors within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings
瞋恚・瞋 (Skt; Pali dosa; Jpn shinni or shin )
Also, pratigha or krodha. Hatred, dislike, anger, repugnance, aversion, or enmity. Dvesha, or anger, is one of the three poisons, or the three sources of vice and suffering, the other two being raga (greed) and moha (foolishness). See also anger; three poisons.
Definitions
Theravada
Bhikkhu Bodhi states:
- Dosa, the second unwholesome root, comprises all kinds and degrees of aversion, ill will, anger, irritation, annoyance, and animosity. Its characteristic is ferocity. Its function is to spread, or to burn up its own support, i.e., the mind and body in which it arises. It is manifested as persecuting, and its proximate cause is a ground for annoyance.
In the Visuddhimagga (II, Book I, Part IX, Chapter III, 257) defines dosa as follows:
- ...It has flying into anger or churlishness as characteristic, like a smitten snake; spreading of itself or writhing as when poison takes effect, as function; or, burning that on which it depends1 as function, like jungle-fire; offending or injuring as manifestation, like a foe who has got his chance; having the grounds of vexation as proximate cause, like urine mixed with poison.
Nina van Gorkom explains:
- There always seem to be numerous causes for dosa and they invariably seem to be outside ourselves: other people's actions or unhappy events which occur. However, the real cause is within ourselves. Dosa has been accumulated and it can always find an object. We are attached to pleasant objects and when we do not experience pleasant objects there is bound to be dosa. When dosa arises it shows that the attachment which conditions it must be very strong.
Mahayana
Within the Mahayana tradition, dvesha is the wish to avoid something, to separate from it, to reject it. The source of both raga (attachment) and dvesha (aversion) is avidya (ignorance).
Mingyur Rinpoche explains:
- Every strong attachment generates an equally powerful fear that we’ll either fail to get what we want or lose whatever we’ve already gained. This fear, in the language of Buddhism, is known as aversion: a resistance to the inevitable changes that occur as a consequence of the impermanent nature of relative reality.
- The notion of a lasting, independently existing self urges us to expend enormous effort in resisting the inevitability of change, making sure that this “self” remains safe and secure. When we’ve achieved some condition that makes us feel whole and complete, we want everything to stay exactly as it is. The deeper our attachment to whatever provides us with this sense of completeness, the greater our fear of losing it, and the more brutal our pain if we do lose it.
Geshe Tashi Tsering states:
- Aversion (dvesha) refers to pushing away things that harm our sense of permanence... [It is] an exaggeration of an object that arises from the fundamental ignorance of the way self and things exist. ...because the object harms the self’s notion of permanence, the mind exaggerates its negative qualities. ...this mind of aversion can range from very gross to very subtle...
Alexander Berzin states:
- (Dvesha is) a subcategory of anger (pratigha): anger directed primarily, although not exclusively, at limited beings. One of the three poisonous emotions and attitudes (three poisons).
Alternate translations
- Aggression
- Anger
- Aversion (Ringu Tulku, Nina van Gorkom, Geshe Tashi Tsering)
- Hatred (Bhikkhu Bodhi)
- Hostility (Alexander Berzin)
