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| − | [[File:Nechung_Gompa.jpg|thumb|250px|Representation of Pehar Gyalpo at Nechung Gompa, in Tibet]] | + | [[File:Pehar416r.jpg|thumb|250px|]] |
| − | According to [[Tibetan Buddhist]] [[myth]], [[Gyalpo Pehar]] ([[Tibetan]]: {{BigTibetan|[[རྒྱལ་པོ་དཔེ་ཧར]]}}, [[Wylie]]: [[rgyal po dpe har]] [also spelt: [[pe ka]]r & [[dpe dkar]]) is a [[spirit]] belonging to the [[gyalpo]] class. When [[Padmasambhava]] arrived in [[Tibet]] in the eighth century, he subdued all [[gyalpo spirits]] and put them under control of [[Gyalpo Pehar]], who promised not to harm any [[sentient beings]] and was made the chief [[guardian spirit]] of the [[Samye Temple]] built at that [[time]]. Some [[Tibetans]] believe that the [[protector]] of [[Samye]] sometimes enters the [[body]] of a {{Wiki|medium}} (called the "[[Dharma Lord of Samye]]") and acts as an {{Wiki|oracle}}. | + | [[File:Nechung Gompa.jpg|thumb|Representation of Pehar Gyalpo at Nechung Gompa, in Tibet]] |
| | + | According to [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] [[myth]], '''[[Gyalpo Pehar]]''' ({{bo|t=རྒྱལ་པོ་དཔེ་ཧར |w=rgyal po dpe har}} [also spelt: ''[[pe kar]]'' & ''[[dpe dkar]]'']) is a [[spirit]] belonging to the [[Gyalpo spirits|gyalpo]] class. When [[Padmasambhava]] arrived in [[Tibet]] in the eighth century, he subdued all [[gyalpo]] [[spirits]] and put them under control of [[Gyalpo Pehar]], who promised not to harm any [[sentient beings]] and was made the chief [[guardian spirit]] of the [[Samye|Samye Temple]] built at that [[time]]. Some [[Tibetans]] believe that the [[protector of Samye]] sometimes enters the [[body]] of a {{Wiki|medium}} (called the "[[Dharma Lord of Samye]]") and acts as an {{Wiki|oracle}}.<ref>{{cite book |author= Shabkar Tsogdruk Rangdrol |coauthors=Matthieu Ricard (trans); Constance Wilkinson, Michal Abrams (eds) |title=The life of Shabkar|year=1994 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn= 978-0-7914-1835-2}} p. 272</ref> |
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| − | The Five [[Gyalpo Pehar]] ([[Kings]]) of the [[Terma]] ([[Treasure]]) [[Lineage]] of the [[Nyingma tradition]] of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] are [[worldly]] [[protector deities]]. Although only a single [[deity]], [[Pehar]] has five [[forms]] representing [[body]], [[speech]], [[mind]], quality and [[activity]]. Each of the five has a different [[appearance]]. The most common [[form]] to appear in [[art]] is [[Activity]] [[Pehar]] with three faces, six arms, white in {{Wiki|colour}} and riding a [[lion]].
| + | see also: [[Pehar]] |
| − | | + | ==Notes== |
| − | [[Pehar]] was originally a [[Nyingma]] [[protector]], but was adopted into [[Gelugpa]] practice.
| + | {{Reflist}} |
| − | [[File:Pehar_Gyalpo1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]
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| − | Many eons ago, the [[dharma protector]], [[Pehar]], was a {{Wiki|royal}} {{Wiki|prince}} of the [[Ashuras]] called [[Damaraja]]. At the [[time]] of his [[birth]], another boy was also born -- to one of the king's ministers. The two became fast friends and were [[ordained]] as [[monks]] together by the [[abbot]] called Dawe ([[moonlight]].)
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| − | [[Damaraja's]] [[religious]] [[name]] was [[Dawe Shinu]] and his friend's was [[Tunten Nagpo]].
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| − | [[Dawe Shinu]] became a [[scholar]], who enjoyed [[teaching]] [[Dharma]]. His [[friend]] enjoyed [[meditating]].
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| − | One day [[Dawe Shinu]] went to visit a [[Hindu Temple]] where he met a beautiful girl named [[Zitan Metog Ke]]. Overwhelmed by [[physical]] [[attraction]], they fell into each other's arms and ended up making [[love]] in the [[temple]] for 7 days and nights.
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| − | [[Dawe Shinu]] had broken his [[vows]] of [[celibacy]].
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| − | His [[friend]] came and tried to stop them, but he could do nothing. [[Dawe Shinu]] got so [[angry]] at the intervention that he turned into a [[lion]] and threatened to kill his [[friend]]. If it had not been for [[Vajrapani]], who protected [[Tunten Nagpo]] with his [[vajra]], he would have done so.
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| − | Years late, when [[Dawe Shinu]] [[died]], he was [[reborn]] in [[hell]]. There, he was known as [[Butcher's Horse]], and his [[life]] was full of [[suffering]].
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| − | In his next [[existence]], he was [[reborn]] as a [[human being]] who was very poor and {{Wiki|homeless}}. One day, as he was wandering he ran into his former [[friend]] but they had no liking for each other.
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| − | Then [[Dawe Shinu]] was born to [[King]] [[Muche Tsampo]] and his wife, [[Queen]] [[Lhamo Tongon]]. that [[time]], he was named [[Vajra Kuhe Samati]]. His former [[friend]], [[Tunten Nagpo]], was a [[hermit]] who [[meditated]] in {{Wiki|cave}} and for some [[reason]], [[Vajra Kuhe Samati]] was moved to turn himself into a [[rat]] just to try and disturb him. Once again [[Vajprapani]] intervened to {{Wiki|protect}} [[Tunten Nagpo]].
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| − | The fourth [[existence]] of [[Dawe Shinu]] was as the third son of [[Dudje Tsempo]], [[king]] of the local {{Wiki|demons}}. His [[name]] this [[time]] was [[Mudu Tankhar]]. (His father also had four other children.)
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| − | [[Pehar]] is a [[reincarnation]] of that {{Wiki|demon}}, [[Mudu Tankhar]]. He is described as having three faces, six arms and riding a [[lion]]. He is known as a [[Tinley Gyalpo]], or [[Action King]].
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| − | When [[Padmasambhava]] and [[Tibetan]] [[ruler]], [[Trison Deutsen]], built [[Samye Monastery]], [[Guru Rinpoche]] invited [[Pehar]] from his [[realm]] called Petahor to be the [[protector]]. He gave him a wife, [[Mentsun Karmo]], as well as another [[consort]]. They were installed in the quarters called [[Peharchok]] that was established especially for them in the northern side of [[Samye]]. This [[Pehar temple]] is known as the [[Turquoise Palace]].
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| − | When [[Padmasambhava]] arrived in [[Tibet]] in the eighth century, he subdued all [[gyalpo spirits]] and put them under control of [[Gyalpo Pehar]], who promised not to harm any [[sentient beings]] and was made the chief [[guardian spirit]] of the [[Samye Temple]] built at that [[time]]
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| − | [[File:Pehar_Gyalpo33.jpg|thumb|250px|]]
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| − | [[Pehar]], as a [[dharmapala]], [[embodies]] the [[activities]] of the [[Five Buddhas]]. He also has five aspects: [[Body]], [[Mind]], [[Speech]], [[Knowledge]] and [[Activity]]. The [[Mind]] aspect of [[King]] [[Pehar]] ([[Tuk ki Gyalpo]]) is brown with one face and two arms. His right hand holds a red spear, his left, a double-edged sword and a lasso. He wears a bear {{Wiki|skin}} shawl and a black turban and is seated on an [[elephant]] amidst [[fire]].
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| − | The [[Body]] aspect of [[Pehar]] ([[Kui Gyalpo]]) is dark blue, with one face and two arms. His right hand holds a [[vajra]] and his left, a single [[cymbal]]. He wears a round golden cymbal-shaped hat (tipshu) and rides a black bear.
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| − | The [[Knowledge]] aspect ([[Yonten kyi Gyalpo]]) is black, with one face and two arms. His right hand holds an axe, his left a demon's lasso. He wears a [[tiger skin]] shawl and a black snakeskin and rides a [[dragon]].
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| − | The [[Speech]] aspect ([[Sung gi Gyalpo]]) is dark brown, with one face and two arms. His right hand holds a [[staff]], his left a [[sandalwood]] club. He wears a black robe and rides an {{Wiki|iron}} {{Wiki|wolf}}.
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| − | The [[Activity]] aspect ([[Thinley gyi Gyalpo]]) is navy blue with three faces and six arms. His first right hand holds a hook, the second an arrow, and the third, a sword. His first left hand holds a razor-sharp knife, the second a [[bow]], the third a [[staff]]. He wears his tipshu, a white shawl and leopard-skin skirt, and rides a [[snow lion]].
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| − | [[Pehar]] remained at [[Samye]] for 7 centuries. | |
| − | ===How [[Pehar]] Came to [[Nechung]]=== | |
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| − | The text on the back of [[Wisdom Publications]] [[calendar]] for 1996, which has a depiction of [[Pehar]] in the [[Gelugpa]] context, states that this "[[state oracle]] of [[Tibet]]," is one of the [[five Gyepo kunga]], or [[Gyepo spirits]]. They are:
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| − | {| class="wikitable" border="1"
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| − | |-
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| − | ![[name]] !! {{Wiki|color}} !! mount !! [[king]] of
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| − | |[[Indra]]|| dark blue || [[elephant]] || [[mind]] ([[thuk]])
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| − | |[[Monbuputra]] || black || white lioness || [[body]] [[(ku]])
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| − | |-
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| − | |[[Shingjachen]] || black || [[black horse]] || [[virtue]] ([[yonten]])
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| − | |-
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| − | |[[Kyechikpu]] || red || black mule || [[speech]] (sung)
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| − | |-
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| − | |[[Pehar]] || white || white [[lion]] || [[activity]] ([[tinley]])
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| − | |}
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| − | He bears a different [[name]] according to his [[function]].
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| − | [[Pehar]] was Uigur in origin -- the [[yidam]] of the Hor tribal [[people]]. We have seen above how he was established at [[Samye]] as its guardian. Then, during the reign of the [[Fifth Dalai Lama]] (1617-1682) he moved to [[Nechung]] near [[Drepung Monastery]]. However, [[tradition]] holds that he had long before promised to be a student of [[Tsong Khapa]] (1357-1419) and that he was a [[disciple]] of the [[abbot]] of [[Drepung]] a good 200 years before the reign of the "[[Great Fifth]]."
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| − | [[Pehar]] became the "[[state oracle of Tibet]]" in the following way:
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| − | Once, a casket drifting down the Kyichu [[River]] reached the neighbourhood of [[Drepung monastery]]. As it floated by, one of the four [[abbots]] spied it, and had the [[realization]] that [[Pehar]] was imprisoned in it. He ordered a [[priest]] to retrieve the casket and take it up to the [[monastery]].
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| − | While the man was carrying the heavy container, his curiosity overwhelmed him and he set it down and opened it. Out fluttered a white dove which flew to perch in a birch [[tree]], but then it vanished from [[sight]]. [[Nechung Monastery]] was [[constructed]] (1416) around the [[tree]].
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| − | From that [[time]] on, [[Pehar]] began to [[manifest]] through the [[speech]] of one of the [[lamas]] at [[Nechung]]. The man whose [[body]] [[Pehar]] possessed was appointed the [[State Oracle]].
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| | + | ==External links== |
| | + | * [http://www.himalayanart.org/search/set.cfm?setID=473 Buddhist Worldly Protector: Pehar] - at HimalayanArt.org |
| | + | * [http://www.himalayanart.org/image.cfm/213.html Deity King Pehar] |
| | + | * [http://www.khandro.net/deity_wrathful_Pehar.htm Pehar] |
| | {{W}} | | {{W}} |
| − | | + | [[Category:Pehar]] |
| − | [http://www.khandro.net/deity_wrathful_Pehar.htm www.khandro.net]
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| − | [[Category:Buddhist Terms]]
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| − | [[Category:Gyalpo Pehar]] | |
