Difference between revisions of "Bojjhaṅga"
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'''[[bojjhaṅga]]''': 'the [[7 Factors of Enlightenment]]', are: [[Mindfulness]] ([[sati-sambojjhaṅga]]; [[s]]. [[sati]]), [[investigation]] of the law ([[dhamma-vicaya]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]]), [[energy]] ([[viriya-sambojjhaṅga]]; [[s]]. [[viriya]], [[padhāna]]), [[rapture]] ([[pīti-sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.) [[tranquillity]] ([[passaddhi-sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.), [[concentration]] ([[samādhi-sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.), [[equanimity]] ([[upekkhā]], q.v.). | '''[[bojjhaṅga]]''': 'the [[7 Factors of Enlightenment]]', are: [[Mindfulness]] ([[sati-sambojjhaṅga]]; [[s]]. [[sati]]), [[investigation]] of the law ([[dhamma-vicaya]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]]), [[energy]] ([[viriya-sambojjhaṅga]]; [[s]]. [[viriya]], [[padhāna]]), [[rapture]] ([[pīti-sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.) [[tranquillity]] ([[passaddhi-sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.), [[concentration]] ([[samādhi-sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.), [[equanimity]] ([[upekkhā]], q.v.). | ||
| − | "Because they lead to [[enlightenment]], therefore they are called [[factors of enlightenment]]" ( | + | "Because they lead to [[enlightenment]], therefore they are called [[factors of enlightenment]]" (S. XLVI, 5). Though in the 2nd factor, [[dhamma-vicaya]], the [[word]] [[Dhamma]] is taken by most [[translators]] to stand for the [[Buddhist]] [[doctrine]], it probably refers to the [[bodily]] and [[mental phenomena]] ([[nāma-rūpa-dhammā]]) as presented to the investigating [[mind]] by [[mindfulness]], the 1st |
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| + | factor. With that [[interpretation]], the term may be rendered by '[[investigation]] of [[phenomena]]'.In A.X. 102, the 7 factors are said to be the means of [[attaining]] the [[threefold wisdom]] ([[s]]. [[tevijjā]]). They may be [[attained]] by means of the [[4 foundations of mindfulness]] ([[Satipaṭṭhāna]], q.v.), as it is said in S. XLVI, 1 and explained in M. 118: | ||
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| + | *(1) "Whenever, o [[monks]], the [[monk]] dwells [[contemplating]] the [[body]] ([[kāya]]), [[feeling]] ([[vedanā]]), [[mind]] ([[citta]]) and [[mind]]-[[objects]] ([[dhammā]]), strenuous, clearly-[[conscious]], [[mindful]], after subduing [[worldly]] [[greed]] and [[grief]], at | ||
| + | such a [[time]] his [[mindfulness]] is {{Wiki|present}} and undisturbed; and whenever his [[mindfulness]] is {{Wiki|present}} and undisturbed, at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[mindfulness]]' ([[sati]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]]), and thus this factor of [[enlightenment]] reaches fullest [[perfection]]. | ||
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*(2) "Whenever, while dwelling with [[mindfulness]], he wisely investigates, examines and [[thinks]] over the law ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[investigation]] of the law' ([[dhamma-vicaya]]°) .... | *(2) "Whenever, while dwelling with [[mindfulness]], he wisely investigates, examines and [[thinks]] over the law ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[investigation]] of the law' ([[dhamma-vicaya]]°) .... | ||
*(3) "Whenever, while wisely investigating his [[energy]] is firm and unshaken ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[energy]]' ([[viriya]]°) .... | *(3) "Whenever, while wisely investigating his [[energy]] is firm and unshaken ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[energy]]' ([[viriya]]°) .... | ||
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*(4) "Whenever in him, while firm in [[energy]], arises [[supersensuous]] [[rapture]] ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[rapture]]' ([[pīti]]°) .. | *(4) "Whenever in him, while firm in [[energy]], arises [[supersensuous]] [[rapture]] ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[rapture]]' ([[pīti]]°) .. | ||
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*(5) "Whenever, while enraptured in [[mind]], his [[body]] and his [[mind]] become composed ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[tranquillity]]' ([[passaddhi]]°). | *(5) "Whenever, while enraptured in [[mind]], his [[body]] and his [[mind]] become composed ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[tranquillity]]' ([[passaddhi]]°). | ||
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*(6) "Whenever, while [[being]] composed in his [[body]] and [[happy]], his [[mind]] becomes [[concentrated]] ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[concentration]]' ([[samādhi]]°) | *(6) "Whenever, while [[being]] composed in his [[body]] and [[happy]], his [[mind]] becomes [[concentrated]] ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[concentration]]' ([[samādhi]]°) | ||
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*(7) "Whenever he looks with complete [[indifference]] on his [[mind]] thus [[concentrated]] ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[equanimity]]' ([[upekkhā]]). | *(7) "Whenever he looks with complete [[indifference]] on his [[mind]] thus [[concentrated]] ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[equanimity]]' ([[upekkhā]]). | ||
| − | {{Wiki|Literature}}: [[Bojjhaṅga]] [[Saṃyutta]] ( | + | |
| + | {{Wiki|Literature}}: [[Bojjhaṅga]] [[Saṃyutta]] (S. XLVI); [[Bojjhaṅga]] Vibh. - For the [[conditions]] leading to the [[arising]] of each of the factors, see the Com. to [[Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta]] (Way of [[Mindfulness]], by [[Soma]] [[Thera]]; 3rd ed., 1967, BPS). Further, The '[[Seven Factors of Enlightenment]], by [[Piyadassi]] [[Thera]] (WHEEL 1.). | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
{{R}} | {{R}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:16, 15 February 2024
bojjhaṅga: 'the 7 Factors of Enlightenment', are: Mindfulness (sati-sambojjhaṅga; s. sati), investigation of the law (dhamma-vicaya-sambojjhaṅga), energy (viriya-sambojjhaṅga; s. viriya, padhāna), rapture (pīti-sambojjhaṅga, q.v.) tranquillity (passaddhi-sambojjhaṅga, q.v.), concentration (samādhi-sambojjhaṅga, q.v.), equanimity (upekkhā, q.v.).
"Because they lead to enlightenment, therefore they are called factors of enlightenment" (S. XLVI, 5). Though in the 2nd factor, dhamma-vicaya, the word Dhamma is taken by most translators to stand for the Buddhist doctrine, it probably refers to the bodily and mental phenomena (nāma-rūpa-dhammā) as presented to the investigating mind by mindfulness, the 1st
factor. With that interpretation, the term may be rendered by 'investigation of phenomena'.In A.X. 102, the 7 factors are said to be the means of attaining the threefold wisdom (s. tevijjā). They may be attained by means of the 4 foundations of mindfulness (Satipaṭṭhāna, q.v.), as it is said in S. XLVI, 1 and explained in M. 118:
- (1) "Whenever, o monks, the monk dwells contemplating the body (kāya), feeling (vedanā), mind (citta) and mind-objects (dhammā), strenuous, clearly-conscious, mindful, after subduing worldly greed and grief, at
such a time his mindfulness is present and undisturbed; and whenever his mindfulness is present and undisturbed, at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'mindfulness' (sati-sambojjhaṅga), and thus this factor of enlightenment reaches fullest perfection.
- (2) "Whenever, while dwelling with mindfulness, he wisely investigates, examines and thinks over the law ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'investigation of the law' (dhamma-vicaya°) ....
- (3) "Whenever, while wisely investigating his energy is firm and unshaken ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'energy' (viriya°) ....
- (4) "Whenever in him, while firm in energy, arises supersensuous rapture ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'rapture' (pīti°) ..
- (5) "Whenever, while enraptured in mind, his body and his mind become composed ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'tranquillity' (passaddhi°).
- (6) "Whenever, while being composed in his body and happy, his mind becomes concentrated ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'concentration' (samādhi°)
- (7) "Whenever he looks with complete indifference on his mind thus concentrated ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'equanimity' (upekkhā).
Literature: Bojjhaṅga Saṃyutta (S. XLVI); Bojjhaṅga Vibh. - For the conditions leading to the arising of each of the factors, see the Com. to Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta (Way of Mindfulness, by Soma Thera; 3rd ed., 1967, BPS). Further, The 'Seven Factors of Enlightenment, by Piyadassi Thera (WHEEL 1.).
