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Difference between revisions of "The thullaccayas"

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(Created page with " other faults The thullaccayas There are no thullaccaya among the 227 {{Wiki|rules}} of the pātimokkha. Therefore these were not taught separately. As with...")
 
 
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The [[thullaccayas]]
 
The [[thullaccayas]]
  
There are no [[thullaccaya]] among the 227 {{Wiki|rules}} of the [[pātimokkha]]. Therefore these were not [[taught]] separately. As with many other aspects, the thullaccayas were established by the [[Buddha]] as transgressions whose {{Wiki|gravity}} is just lesser than that of the pārājikas and the saṃghādisesas.
 
  
[[Essentially]], the thullaccayas are preliminary offences that a [[bhikkhu]] may commit before a [[pārājika]] or a saṃghādisesa.
 
The thullaccayas preliminary to the pārājikas
 
  
According to the [[pārājika]] 1, the [[bhikkhu]] who has a {{Wiki|sexual}} [[relation]] by means of the {{Wiki|mouth}}, the anus or the genitals of a corpse commits a [[thullaccaya]]. Similarly, by introducing his {{Wiki|sex}} {{Wiki|organ}} in one of the following: the {{Wiki|sex}} {{Wiki|organ}} of a {{Wiki|female}} [[living being]] where this is narrower than that of a {{Wiki|cat}} or a chicken; in the [[eye]] orifice, the nostrils or the {{Wiki|ear}} of a [[human being]]; in the corpse of a being through an opening made with a knife or into a fold; in the {{Wiki|nose}} of the corpse from an [[elephant]], [[horse]], [[buffalo]], {{Wiki|cow}}, etc. He commits also a [[thullaccaya]] by superficially [[touching]] the genitals of a {{Wiki|female}} [[living being]] with his without [[penetration]]; by giving oral caresses to a woman's {{Wiki|sex}} {{Wiki|organ}} with [[lustful]] [[desire]]; by having his {{Wiki|sex}} caressed by the {{Wiki|mouth}} or {{Wiki|tongue}} of a woman without the {{Wiki|sex}} entering her {{Wiki|mouth}}.
+
There are no [[thullaccaya]] among the 227 {{Wiki|rules}} of the [[pātimokkha]].
 +
 
 +
Therefore these were not [[taught]] separately. As with many other aspects, the [[thullaccayas]] were established by the [[Buddha]] as transgressions whose {{Wiki|gravity}} is just lesser than that of the [[pārājikas]] and the [[saṃghādisesas]].
 +
 
 +
[[Essentially]], the [[thullaccayas]] are preliminary offences that a [[bhikkhu]] may commit before a [[pārājika]] or a [[saṃghādisesa]].
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The [[thullaccayas]] preliminary to the [[pārājikas]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
According to the [[pārājika]] 1, the [[bhikkhu]] who has a {{Wiki|sexual}} [[relation]] by means of the {{Wiki|mouth}}, the anus or the genitals of a corpse commits a [[thullaccaya]].  
 +
 
 +
Similarly, by introducing his {{Wiki|sex}} {{Wiki|organ}} in one of the following: the {{Wiki|sex}} {{Wiki|organ}} of a {{Wiki|female}} [[living being]] where this is narrower than that of a {{Wiki|cat}} or a chicken; in the [[eye]] orifice,  
 +
 
 +
the nostrils or the {{Wiki|ear}} of a [[human being]]; in the corpse of a being through an opening made with a knife or into a fold; in the {{Wiki|nose}} of the corpse from an [[elephant]], [[horse]], [[buffalo]], {{Wiki|cow}}, etc.  
 +
 
 +
He commits also a [[thullaccaya]] by superficially [[touching]] the genitals of a {{Wiki|female}} [[living being]] with his without [[penetration]];  
 +
 
 +
by giving oral caresses to a woman's {{Wiki|sex}} {{Wiki|organ}} with [[lustful]] [[desire]]; by having his {{Wiki|sex}} caressed by the {{Wiki|mouth}} or {{Wiki|tongue}} of a woman without the {{Wiki|sex}} entering her {{Wiki|mouth}}.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Remarks: Some [[thullaccayas]] are [[inseparable]] from other offenses, such as the [[saṃghādisesas]].
 +
 
 +
 
 +
::::A [[bhikkhu]] who steals an [[object]] of a value {{Wiki|equivalent}} to at least a quarter of the currency used in the region and time of the [[Buddha]], commits the [[pārājika]]
 +
 
 +
2. If the value of the [[object]] is between one twentieth and one quarter of this currency, he commits a [[thullaccaya]]. Taking by his [[own]] authority an [[object]] belonging to the [[saṃgha]] to give it to someone else, a [[bhikkhu]] commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 +
 
 +
::::A [[bhikkhu]] who kills someone commits the [[pārājika]]
 +
 
 +
3. If he injures someone without {{Wiki|killing}}, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 +
 
 +
::::A [[bhikkhu]] who pretends to have [[experienced]] [[jhāna]] [[attainments]] or the ariyā [[state]] without having [[experienced]] these, commits the [[pārājika]]
 +
 
 +
4. However, if the [[person]] whom the [[bhikkhu]] is addressing does not know the meaning of these words, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 +
 
 +
The [[thullaccayas]] preliminary to [[saṃghādisesas]]
 +
 
 +
::::If a [[bhikkhu]] voluntarily provokes an ejaculation, he commits the [[saṃghādisesa]]
 +
 
 +
1. If he masturbates without ejaculation, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 +
 
 +
::::If a [[bhikkhu]] touches a woman or her [[hair]] with a [[feeling]] of [[pleasure]], he commits the [[saṃghādisesa]]
 +
 
 +
2. If he touches the dress or an ornament ([[flower]] on the [[hair]], hat, etc.) worn by a woman, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 +
 
 +
::::If, with a [[lustful]] [[state of mind]], a [[bhikkhu]] talks about a woman's or a man's {{Wiki|sex}}, or {{Wiki|sexual}} relations with a woman, he commits the [[saṃghādisesa]]
 +
 
 +
3. If, with a [[lustful]] [[state of mind]], he talks with a woman of anything concerning parts a woman's [[body]] between the knees and the shoulders, excluding the genitals, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 +
 
 +
::::If a [[bhikkhu]] addresses a woman with the {{Wiki|purpose}} of issuing a
 +
 
 +
n invitation to a {{Wiki|sexual}} [[relation]], he commits the [[saṃghādisesa]]
 +
 
 +
4. If he addresses an [[androgyne]] with the {{Wiki|purpose}} of issuing an invitation to a {{Wiki|sexual}} [[relation]], he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 +
::::If a [[bhikkhu]] agrees to act as go-between, fetching messages, carrying these messages and delivering these messages for the {{Wiki|purpose}} of joining together a man and a woman, he commits the [[saṃghādisesa]]
 +
 
 +
5. If only two of these three factors occur jointly, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 +
 
 +
::::After the [[saṃghādisesa]] 10; 11; 12 and 13, when, within the [[sīmā]], the [[saṃgha]] has proceeded to two readings of the [[kammavācā]], if the guilty [[bhikkhu]] does not agree to abandon his erroneous point of view, he commits a [[thullaccaya]]. If he still refuses to reject his point of view at the end of the third reading, he commits the [[saṃghādisesa]], and from this [[moment]] the [[thullaccaya]] is simultaneously annulled.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The other [[thullaccayas]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
There are also [[thullaccaya]] that are not linked to the [[pārājika]] or to the [[saṃghādisesa]].
 +
 
 +
If a [[bhikkhu]] eats [[human]] flesh, wears the robe of an {{Wiki|heretic}} [[sect]] in [[wood]] bark, a robe made out of {{Wiki|owl}} feathers or from a cloth made with [[human]] hairs, or if he cuts his {{Wiki|sexual}} {{Wiki|organ}}, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The [[dukkaṭas]] and the [[dubbhāsitas]]
 +
 
 +
 
  
Remarks: Some thullaccayas are [[inseparable]] from other offences, such as the saṃghādisesas.
+
Any {{Wiki|transgression}} committed by a [[bhikkhu]] that is the [[object]] of a [[sekhiya]] but not the [[object]] of a [[pātimokkha]] {{Wiki|rule}} is a [[dukkaṭa]] or a [[dubbhāsita]].  
  
    A [[bhikkhu]] who steals an [[object]] of a value {{Wiki|equivalent}} to at least a quarter of the currency used in the region and time of the [[Buddha]], commits the [[pārājika]] 2. If the value of the [[object]] is between one twentieth and one quarter of this currency, he commits a [[thullaccaya]]. Taking by his [[own]] authority an [[object]] belonging to the [[saṃgha]] to give it to someone else, a [[bhikkhu]] commits a [[thullaccaya]].
+
A [[dukkaṭa]] is a minor offence [[caused]] by an unskilful [[action]], whereas a [[dubbhāsita]] is a minor offence due to unskilful {{Wiki|speech}}.
    A [[bhikkhu]] who kills someone commits the [[pārājika]] 3. If he injures someone without {{Wiki|killing}}, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 
    A [[bhikkhu]] who pretends to have [[experienced]] [[jhāna]] [[attainments]] or the ariyā [[state]] without having [[experienced]] these, commits the [[pārājika]] 4. However, if the [[person]] whom the [[bhikkhu]] is addressing does not know the meaning of these words, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 
  
The thullaccayas preliminary to saṃghādisesas
 
  
    If a [[bhikkhu]] voluntarily provokes an ejaculation, he commits the saṃghādisesa 1. If he masturbates without ejaculation, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 
    If a [[bhikkhu]] touches a woman or her [[hair]] with a [[feeling]] of [[pleasure]], he commits the saṃghādisesa 2. If he touches the dress or an ornament ([[flower]] on the [[hair]], hat, etc.) worn by a woman, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 
    If, with a [[lustful]] [[state of mind]], a [[bhikkhu]] talks about a woman's or a man's {{Wiki|sex}}, or {{Wiki|sexual}} relations with a woman, he commits the saṃghādisesa 3. If, with a [[lustful]] [[state of mind]], he talks with a woman of anything concerning parts a woman's [[body]] between the knees and the shoulders, excluding the genitals, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 
    If a [[bhikkhu]] addresses a woman with the {{Wiki|purpose}} of issuing an invitation to a {{Wiki|sexual}} [[relation]], he commits the saṃghādisesa 4. If he addresses an [[androgyne]] with the {{Wiki|purpose}} of issuing an invitation to a {{Wiki|sexual}} [[relation]], he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 
    If a [[bhikkhu]] agrees to act as go-between, fetching messages, carrying these messages and delivering these messages for the {{Wiki|purpose}} of joining together a man and a woman, he commits the saṃghādisesa 5. If only two of these three factors occur jointly, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
 
    After the saṃghādisesa 10; 11; 12 and 13, when, within the sīmā, the [[saṃgha]] has proceeded to two readings of the [[kammavācā]], if the guilty [[bhikkhu]] does not agree to abandon his erroneous point of view, he commits a [[thullaccaya]]. If he still refuses to reject his point of view at the end of the third reading, he commits the saṃghādisesa, and from this [[moment]] the [[thullaccaya]] is simultaneously annulled.
 
  
The other thullaccayas
+
These offences are very numerous. There is no list detailing them in precise order.
  
There are also [[thullaccaya]] that are not linked to the [[pārājika]] or to the saṃghādisesa. If a [[bhikkhu]] eats [[human]] flesh, wears the robe of an {{Wiki|heretic}} [[sect]] in [[wood]] bark, a robe made out of {{Wiki|owl}} feathers or from a cloth made with [[human]] hairs, or if he cuts his {{Wiki|sexual}} {{Wiki|organ}}, he commits a [[thullaccaya]].
+
The passages that specify the [[dukkaṭas]] and [[dubbhāsitas]] are dispersed throughout the [[vinaya texts]].  
  
The dukkaṭas and the dubbhāsitas
+
Notably, many of them are explained within the [[pātimokkha]] itself.
 +
Some examples of [[dukkaṭas]] and [[dubbhāsitas]]
  
Any {{Wiki|transgression}} committed by a [[bhikkhu]] that is the [[object]] of a [[sekhiya]] but not the [[object]] of a [[pātimokkha]] {{Wiki|rule}} is a [[dukkaṭa]] or a [[dubbhāsita]]. A [[dukkaṭa]] is a minor offence [[caused]] by an unskilful [[action]], whereas a [[dubbhāsita]] is a minor offence due to unskilful {{Wiki|speech}}.
 
  
These offences are very numerous. There is no list detailing them in precise order. The passages that specify the dukkaṭas and dubbhāsitas are dispersed throughout the [[vinaya texts]]. Notably, many of them are explained within the [[pātimokkha]] itself.
 
Some examples of dukkaṭas and dubbhāsitas
 
  
 
A [[bhikkhu]] who eats at the same table as a lay [[person]] (or a [[sāmaṇera]]), commits a [[dukkaṭa]].
 
A [[bhikkhu]] who eats at the same table as a lay [[person]] (or a [[sāmaṇera]]), commits a [[dukkaṭa]].
Line 50: Line 117:
  
 
A [[bhikkhu]] who utters a [[vulgar]] [[word]] commits a [[dubbhāsita]].
 
A [[bhikkhu]] who utters a [[vulgar]] [[word]] commits a [[dubbhāsita]].
 +
<poem>
 +
{{R}}
 +
http://en.dhammadana.org/sangha/vinaya/other_points.htm
 +
[[Category:Prātimokṣa]]

Latest revision as of 17:02, 16 November 2015

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The thullaccayas


There are no thullaccaya among the 227 rules of the pātimokkha.

Therefore these were not taught separately. As with many other aspects, the thullaccayas were established by the Buddha as transgressions whose gravity is just lesser than that of the pārājikas and the saṃghādisesas.

Essentially, the thullaccayas are preliminary offences that a bhikkhu may commit before a pārājika or a saṃghādisesa.


The thullaccayas preliminary to the pārājikas


According to the pārājika 1, the bhikkhu who has a sexual relation by means of the mouth, the anus or the genitals of a corpse commits a thullaccaya.

Similarly, by introducing his sex organ in one of the following: the sex organ of a female living being where this is narrower than that of a cat or a chicken; in the eye orifice,

the nostrils or the ear of a human being; in the corpse of a being through an opening made with a knife or into a fold; in the nose of the corpse from an elephant, horse, buffalo, cow, etc.

He commits also a thullaccaya by superficially touching the genitals of a female living being with his without penetration;

by giving oral caresses to a woman's sex organ with lustful desire; by having his sex caressed by the mouth or tongue of a woman without the sex entering her mouth.


Remarks: Some thullaccayas are inseparable from other offenses, such as the saṃghādisesas.


A bhikkhu who steals an object of a value equivalent to at least a quarter of the currency used in the region and time of the Buddha, commits the pārājika

2. If the value of the object is between one twentieth and one quarter of this currency, he commits a thullaccaya. Taking by his own authority an object belonging to the saṃgha to give it to someone else, a bhikkhu commits a thullaccaya.

A bhikkhu who kills someone commits the pārājika

3. If he injures someone without killing, he commits a thullaccaya.

A bhikkhu who pretends to have experienced jhāna attainments or the ariyā state without having experienced these, commits the pārājika

4. However, if the person whom the bhikkhu is addressing does not know the meaning of these words, he commits a thullaccaya.

The thullaccayas preliminary to saṃghādisesas

If a bhikkhu voluntarily provokes an ejaculation, he commits the saṃghādisesa

1. If he masturbates without ejaculation, he commits a thullaccaya.

If a bhikkhu touches a woman or her hair with a feeling of pleasure, he commits the saṃghādisesa

2. If he touches the dress or an ornament (flower on the hair, hat, etc.) worn by a woman, he commits a thullaccaya.

If, with a lustful state of mind, a bhikkhu talks about a woman's or a man's sex, or sexual relations with a woman, he commits the saṃghādisesa

3. If, with a lustful state of mind, he talks with a woman of anything concerning parts a woman's body between the knees and the shoulders, excluding the genitals, he commits a thullaccaya.

If a bhikkhu addresses a woman with the purpose of issuing a

n invitation to a sexual relation, he commits the saṃghādisesa

4. If he addresses an androgyne with the purpose of issuing an invitation to a sexual relation, he commits a thullaccaya.

If a bhikkhu agrees to act as go-between, fetching messages, carrying these messages and delivering these messages for the purpose of joining together a man and a woman, he commits the saṃghādisesa

5. If only two of these three factors occur jointly, he commits a thullaccaya.

After the saṃghādisesa 10; 11; 12 and 13, when, within the sīmā, the saṃgha has proceeded to two readings of the kammavācā, if the guilty bhikkhu does not agree to abandon his erroneous point of view, he commits a thullaccaya. If he still refuses to reject his point of view at the end of the third reading, he commits the saṃghādisesa, and from this moment the thullaccaya is simultaneously annulled.


The other thullaccayas


There are also thullaccaya that are not linked to the pārājika or to the saṃghādisesa.

If a bhikkhu eats human flesh, wears the robe of an heretic sect in wood bark, a robe made out of owl feathers or from a cloth made with human hairs, or if he cuts his sexual organ, he commits a thullaccaya.


The dukkaṭas and the dubbhāsitas


Any transgression committed by a bhikkhu that is the object of a sekhiya but not the object of a pātimokkha rule is a dukkaṭa or a dubbhāsita.

A dukkaṭa is a minor offence caused by an unskilful action, whereas a dubbhāsita is a minor offence due to unskilful speech.


These offences are very numerous. There is no list detailing them in precise order.

The passages that specify the dukkaṭas and dubbhāsitas are dispersed throughout the vinaya texts.

Notably, many of them are explained within the pātimokkha itself. Some examples of dukkaṭas and dubbhāsitas


A bhikkhu who eats at the same table as a lay person (or a sāmaṇera), commits a dukkaṭa.

A bhikkhu who places his bowl on a wall or on the ground (without a support), commits a dukkaṭa.

A bhikkhu who is transported by an animal or on a bicycle, commits a dukkaṭa.

A bhikkhu wearing stained garments, commits a dukkaṭa.

A bhikkhu who uses the toilet without previously lifting his robe, commits a dukkaṭa.

A bhikkhu who engages in or encourages a futile conversation, commits a dubbhāsita.

A bhikkhu who utters a vulgar word commits a dubbhāsita. <poem>

Source

http://en.dhammadana.org/sangha/vinaya/other_points.htm