Difference between revisions of "Tsangnyön Heruka"
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| − | [[ | + | [[Tsangnyön Heruka]] ([[Tibetan]]: {{BigTibetan|[[གཙང་སྨྱོན་ཧེ་རུ་ཀ་]]}}, [[Wylie]]: [[gtsang smyon He ru ka]] "The [[Madman Heruka from Tsang]]", 1452-1507), was an author and a [[master]] of the [[Kagyu school]] of [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. |
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| + | Born in [[Tsang]], he is best known as a biographer and compiler of the [[Life of Milarepa]] and The [[Collections of Songs of Milarepa]], both classics of [[Tibetan literature]]. | ||
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[[Life]] | [[Life]] | ||
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| − | After [[Heruka]] left the [[monastery]], he became a wandering [[yogi]] for the rest of his [[life]], never staying in one place permanently. He was known to keep his [[hair]] long, carry a [[khaṭvāṅga]] and drink from a [[kapala]]. When local villagers saw his [[body]] covered in [[human]] ashes and {{Wiki|blood}} with his [[hair]] adorned by [[human]] fingers and toes, they gave him the [[name]] 'Nyönpa' (madman). He later used the [[name]] Trantung Gyelpo ([[Wylie]]: [[khrag 'thung | + | [[Tsangnyön Heruka]] was a [[nyönpa]] ([[Wylie]]: [[smyon pa]]) or "[[religious]] madman", whose {{Wiki|eccentric}} ways of [[life]] were considered [[signs]] of [[spiritual]] [[realization]]. |
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| + | He was [[ordained]] as a [[śrāmaṇera]], but at the age of 21 renounced his [[vows]] and trained under various [[tantric yogis]] from different schools. | ||
| + | |||
| + | His first [[teacher]] was [[Shara Rabjampa Sanggye Sengge]] (1427–1470) who conveyed to him the "[[Aural Transmissions]]" ([[snyan brgyud]]) of the [[Kagyu tradition]]. | ||
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| + | [[Tsangnyön]] spent years in [[solitary retreat]] on [[Tsari]] in [[southern Tibet]], which is the major [[sacred mountain]] [[retreat]] for the [[Kagyu school]]. | ||
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| + | He also studied the [[tantras]] in [[Pelkhor Chode]] [[Monastery]] in [[Gyantse]] for three years. | ||
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| + | |||
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| + | After [[Heruka]] left the [[monastery]], he became a wandering [[yogi]] for the rest of his [[life]], never staying in one place permanently. He was known to keep his [[hair]] long, carry a [[khaṭvāṅga]] and drink from a [[kapala]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | When local villagers saw his [[body]] covered in [[human]] ashes and {{Wiki|blood}} with his [[hair]] adorned by [[human]] fingers and toes, they gave him the [[name]] '[[Nyönpa]]' (madman). | ||
| + | |||
| + | He later used the [[name]] [[Trantung Gyelpo]] ([[Wylie]]: [[khrag 'thung rgyal po]]) "[[King of the Blood-drinkers]]", "[[blood drinker]]" being the [[Tibetan]] [[name]] for the [[deity]] [[Heruka]]. | ||
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| + | These {{Wiki|eccentric}} ways were influenced by an [[Indian sect of yogis]] called [[Kapalikas]] or "[[skull-bearers]]", who practiced austerities as well as dressing in loincloths and [[human]] ashes and carrying [[symbols]] of the [[dakinis]] such as [[bone ornaments]] and skulls. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Many [[monks]] questioned his {{Wiki|behavior}} and way of dress but [[Tsangnyön]] was known to strongly defend his unconventional practice through rigorous argument and accurate quotations from [[scriptures]]. | ||
| − | + | He became a famous [[teacher]] and [[gathered]] numerous followers, he was also a composer of [[religious]] songs. | |
| + | |||
| + | [[Tsangnyön]] was very influential with various [[Tibetan]] {{Wiki|political}} leaders and he used his influence to mediate between warring factions. | ||
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| + | In 1488 while staying at the [[pilgrimage]] site [[Lapchi]] Snow Mountain, [[Tsangnyön]] completed the [[Life of Milarepa]], a {{Wiki|biography}} of the [[Tibetan poet]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | It was one of the first texts that was produced through woodblock [[printing]] in [[Tibet]] and it quickly became a widely circulated text. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Tsangnyön's]] main goal seems to have been the promotion of the teachings of the early [[Kagyu masters]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | In 1504, [[Ratnamalla]], the [[king]] of [[Kathmandu]], invited [[Tsangnyön Heruka]] to [[Nepal]] to restore the famous [[stupa]] known as [[Swayambhunath]]. [[Tsangnyön]] traveled to [[Nepal]] and completed the renovation within three months. | ||
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| + | In 1505, he compiled a {{Wiki|biography}} and a song collection of [[Marpa Lotsawa]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | He also completed his major [[life]] work, which was the collection of the aural [[transmissions]] of the [[Kagyu tradition]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | He [[died]] at the age of fifty-five in 1507 at Rechung-Puk [[north]] of the [[Yarlung Valley]]. | ||
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Legacy | Legacy | ||
| − | After his [[death]] three of his [[disciples]] wrote {{Wiki|biographies}} of his [[life]]: | + | After his [[death]] three of his [[disciples]] wrote {{Wiki|biographies}} of his [[life]]: [[Gotsangrepa]], [[Lhatsun Rinchen Namgyel]] and [[Ngodrub Pembar]]. [[Kuntu Zangmo]], [[Tsangnyön’s]] {{Wiki|female}} companion, oversaw the [[printing]] of his songs, writings and a {{Wiki|biography}} of his [[life]]. |
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References | References | ||
[[Tsangnyön Heruka]]; Andrew Quintman; [[Donald S. Lopez, Jr.]] (2010). The [[life]] of [[Milarepa]]. [[New York]]: Penguin [[Books]]. p. Introduction. ISBN 978-0143106227. | [[Tsangnyön Heruka]]; Andrew Quintman; [[Donald S. Lopez, Jr.]] (2010). The [[life]] of [[Milarepa]]. [[New York]]: Penguin [[Books]]. p. Introduction. ISBN 978-0143106227. | ||
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{{Wiki|Biography}} of [[Tsangnyön Heruka]] | {{Wiki|Biography}} of [[Tsangnyön Heruka]] | ||
Larsson, Stefan (2012). Crazy for [[wisdom]] : the making of a mad [[yogin]] in fifteenth-century [[Tibet]]. Leiden: Brill. p. 129. ISBN 978-9004203938. | Larsson, Stefan (2012). Crazy for [[wisdom]] : the making of a mad [[yogin]] in fifteenth-century [[Tibet]]. Leiden: Brill. p. 129. ISBN 978-9004203938. | ||
| + | |||
Beer, Robert (2003). The handbook of [[Tibetan Buddhist]] [[symbols]]. Serindia Publications. ISBN 1-932476-03-2, ISBN 978-1-932476-03-3 Source: | Beer, Robert (2003). The handbook of [[Tibetan Buddhist]] [[symbols]]. Serindia Publications. ISBN 1-932476-03-2, ISBN 978-1-932476-03-3 Source: | ||
| − | Cuevas, Bryan J.; Stone, Jacqueline I., eds. (2011). The [[Buddhist]] [[dead]] : practices, [[discourses]], {{Wiki|representations}} (Paperback ed.). [[Honolulu]]: {{Wiki|University}} of Hawai'i Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0824835996. | + | Cuevas, Bryan J.; Stone, Jacqueline I., eds. (2011). |
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| + | The [[Buddhist]] [[dead]] : practices, [[discourses]], {{Wiki|representations}} (Paperback ed.). [[Honolulu]]: {{Wiki|University}} of Hawai'i Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0824835996. | ||
{{W}} | {{W}} | ||
[[Category:]] | [[Category:]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:51, 27 January 2016
Tsangnyön Heruka (Tibetan: གཙང་སྨྱོན་ཧེ་རུ་ཀ་, Wylie: gtsang smyon He ru ka "The Madman Heruka from Tsang", 1452-1507), was an author and a master of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.
Born in Tsang, he is best known as a biographer and compiler of the Life of Milarepa and The Collections of Songs of Milarepa, both classics of Tibetan literature.
Tsangnyön Heruka was a nyönpa (Wylie: smyon pa) or "religious madman", whose eccentric ways of life were considered signs of spiritual realization.
He was ordained as a śrāmaṇera, but at the age of 21 renounced his vows and trained under various tantric yogis from different schools.
His first teacher was Shara Rabjampa Sanggye Sengge (1427–1470) who conveyed to him the "Aural Transmissions" (snyan brgyud) of the Kagyu tradition.
Tsangnyön spent years in solitary retreat on Tsari in southern Tibet, which is the major sacred mountain retreat for the Kagyu school.
He also studied the tantras in Pelkhor Chode Monastery in Gyantse for three years.
After Heruka left the monastery, he became a wandering yogi for the rest of his life, never staying in one place permanently. He was known to keep his hair long, carry a khaṭvāṅga and drink from a kapala.
When local villagers saw his body covered in human ashes and blood with his hair adorned by human fingers and toes, they gave him the name 'Nyönpa' (madman).
He later used the name Trantung Gyelpo (Wylie: khrag 'thung rgyal po) "King of the Blood-drinkers", "blood drinker" being the Tibetan name for the deity Heruka.
These eccentric ways were influenced by an Indian sect of yogis called Kapalikas or "skull-bearers", who practiced austerities as well as dressing in loincloths and human ashes and carrying symbols of the dakinis such as bone ornaments and skulls.
Many monks questioned his behavior and way of dress but Tsangnyön was known to strongly defend his unconventional practice through rigorous argument and accurate quotations from scriptures.
He became a famous teacher and gathered numerous followers, he was also a composer of religious songs.
Tsangnyön was very influential with various Tibetan political leaders and he used his influence to mediate between warring factions.
In 1488 while staying at the pilgrimage site Lapchi Snow Mountain, Tsangnyön completed the Life of Milarepa, a biography of the Tibetan poet.
It was one of the first texts that was produced through woodblock printing in Tibet and it quickly became a widely circulated text.
Tsangnyön's main goal seems to have been the promotion of the teachings of the early Kagyu masters.
In 1504, Ratnamalla, the king of Kathmandu, invited Tsangnyön Heruka to Nepal to restore the famous stupa known as Swayambhunath. Tsangnyön traveled to Nepal and completed the renovation within three months.
In 1505, he compiled a biography and a song collection of Marpa Lotsawa.
He also completed his major life work, which was the collection of the aural transmissions of the Kagyu tradition.
He died at the age of fifty-five in 1507 at Rechung-Puk north of the Yarlung Valley.
Legacy
After his death three of his disciples wrote biographies of his life: Gotsangrepa, Lhatsun Rinchen Namgyel and Ngodrub Pembar. Kuntu Zangmo, Tsangnyön’s female companion, oversaw the printing of his songs, writings and a biography of his life.
References
Tsangnyön Heruka; Andrew Quintman; Donald S. Lopez, Jr. (2010). The life of Milarepa. New York: Penguin Books. p. Introduction. ISBN 978-0143106227.
Biography of Tsangnyön Heruka Larsson, Stefan (2012). Crazy for wisdom : the making of a mad yogin in fifteenth-century Tibet. Leiden: Brill. p. 129. ISBN 978-9004203938.
Beer, Robert (2003). The handbook of Tibetan Buddhist symbols. Serindia Publications. ISBN 1-932476-03-2, ISBN 978-1-932476-03-3 Source: Cuevas, Bryan J.; Stone, Jacqueline I., eds. (2011).
The Buddhist dead : practices, discourses, representations (Paperback ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0824835996.
Source
Wikipedia:Tsangnyön Heruka
[[Category:]]
