Difference between revisions of "Kāsi"
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| − | + | '''[[Kāsi]]''' | |
| + | 1. [[Kāsi]] ([[Kāsika]]).One of the sixteen [[Mahājanapadas]] (A.i.213, etc.), its capital being [[Bārānasī]]. | ||
| − | + | At the time of the [[Buddha]], it had been absorbed into the {{Wiki|kingdom}} of [[Kosala]], and [[Wikipedia:Pasenadi|Pasenadi]] was [[king]] of both countries (D.i.288; M.ii.111). The [[Mahāvagga]] (Vin.i.28l), however, mentions a Kāsika-rājā ([[king]] of [[Kāsi]]?) who sent a robe to [[Jīvaka]]. [[Buddhaghosa]] (see [[Vinaya Texts]] ii.195, n.2) says that this was a brother of [[Wikipedia:Pasenadi|Pasenadi]] and son of the same father. He was probably a sub-king of [[Wikipedia:Pasenadi|Pasenadi]]. [[Pasenadi's]] father, [[Mahākosala]], on giving his daughter in [[marriage]] to [[Bimbisāra]], allotted her a village of [[Kāsi]] (Kāsigāma) as bath [[money]] (J.iv.342; J.ii.403; SA.i.110,120f, etc.). | |
| − | + | Even at this time, however, the [[memory]] of [[Kāsi]] as an {{Wiki|independent}} {{Wiki|kingdom}} seems to have been still fresh in men's [[minds]]. It is very frequently mentioned as such in the [[Jātakas]] and elsewhere. [[Kāsi]] was once ruled by the [[Bhāratas]], one of whom, [[Dhatarattha]], was its [[king]] in the time of [[Renu]] (D.ii.235f). | |
| − | Kāsi and Kosala | + | There seem to have been frequent [[wars]] between the countries of [[Kāsi]] and [[Kosala]], victory belonging now to one, now to the other. In one such [[war]], [[Dīghāti]], the [[Kosala]] [[king]], was defeated by the [[king]] of [[Kāsi]], but Dīghīti's son [[Dīghāvu]] won back the {{Wiki|kingdom}} (Vin.i.334; J. iii.487; DhA.i.46). In another [[war]] the [[Kāsi]] [[king]], [[Mahāsīlava]], was taken captive by the [[ruler]] of [[Kosala]], but his {{Wiki|kingdom}} was later restored to him (J.i.262, etc.; see also i.409; UdA.123). |
| − | 2. Kāsi, or Kāsika. A city, the birthplace of Phussa Buddha (Bu.xix.14; J. i.41). There he preached the Buddhavamsa (BuA.193). The city is probably to be identified with Benares, which is sometimes referred to as Kāsipura (E.g., DhA.i.71; J. v.54; vi.165; M.i.171; DhsA.35; Cv.xli.37). It is also called Kāsipurī (PvA.19). | + | The [[traditional]] [[name]] of the [[king]] of [[Kāsi]] from time immemorial was evidently [[Brahmadatta]], and references to [[kings]] of that [[name]] abound in the [[Jātakas]]. Sometimes the [[king]] is referred to merely as [[Kāsi-rājā]]. |
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| + | Among other [[kings]] of [[Kāsi]] mentioned are Kikī (M.ii.49) and [[Kalābu]] (J.iii.39). The extent of the [[Kāsi]] {{Wiki|kingdom}} is given as three hundred leagues (J.v.41; also iii.304, 391). | ||
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| + | The capital of [[Kāsi]] is generally given as [[Bārānasī]], but it is said that when [[Asoka]] was [[king]] of [[Kāsi]] his capital was in [[Potali]] (J.iii.155), and another [[king]], [[Udaya-bhadda]], had his [[seat of government]] in [[Surundha]] (J.iv.104ff). It is possible that these cities did not [[form]] part of the regular {{Wiki|kingdom}} of [[Kāsi]], but became annexed to it during the reigns of some of the more powerful [[kings]]. | ||
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| + | [[Kāsi]] was evidently a great centre of trade and a most populous and [[prosperous]] country. Frequent mention is made of {{Wiki|caravans}} leaving [[Kāsi]] to travel for trade. One highway went through [[Kāsi]] to [[Rājagaha]] (Vin.i.212) and another to [[Sāvatthi]] (Vin.ii.10; Mhv.v.114). [[Kāsi]] was famed for her silks, and [[Kāsi]]-[[robes]] were most highly esteemed as gifts, each robe being valued at one hundred thousand. (See, e.g., J. vi.151, 450; see also Addhakāsi). Mention is also made of the [[perfumes]] of [[Kāsi]] ([[Kāsi-vilepana]] (J.i.355) and Kāsi-candana (A.iii.391; UdA.332)). | ||
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| + | Besides those already referred to, other names of places mentioned in {{Wiki|literature}} as belonging to [[Kāsi]], are [[Vāsabhagāma]], [[Macchikāsanda]] (the [[kammantagāma]] of [[Anāthapindika]]), [[Kītāgiri]] and [[Dhammapālagāma]]. | ||
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| + | [[Kāsi]] and [[Kosala]] are frequently mentioned together. (E.g., A.v.59). | ||
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| + | 2. [[Kāsi]], or [[Kāsika]]. A city, the birthplace of [[Phussa Buddha]] (Bu.xix.14; J. i.41). There he [[preached]] the [[Buddhavamsa]] (BuA.193). The city is probably to be identified with [[Benares]], which is sometimes referred to as Kāsipura (E.g., DhA.i.71; J. v.54; vi.165; M.i.171; DhsA.35; Cv.xli.37). It is also called Kāsipurī (PvA.19). | ||
{{R}} | {{R}} | ||
[http://what-buddha-said.net/library/DPPN/ka/kaasi.htm what-buddha-said.net] | [http://what-buddha-said.net/library/DPPN/ka/kaasi.htm what-buddha-said.net] | ||
[[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | [[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:09, 8 February 2016
Kāsi
1. Kāsi (Kāsika).One of the sixteen Mahājanapadas (A.i.213, etc.), its capital being Bārānasī.
At the time of the Buddha, it had been absorbed into the kingdom of Kosala, and Pasenadi was king of both countries (D.i.288; M.ii.111). The Mahāvagga (Vin.i.28l), however, mentions a Kāsika-rājā (king of Kāsi?) who sent a robe to Jīvaka. Buddhaghosa (see Vinaya Texts ii.195, n.2) says that this was a brother of Pasenadi and son of the same father. He was probably a sub-king of Pasenadi. Pasenadi's father, Mahākosala, on giving his daughter in marriage to Bimbisāra, allotted her a village of Kāsi (Kāsigāma) as bath money (J.iv.342; J.ii.403; SA.i.110,120f, etc.).
Even at this time, however, the memory of Kāsi as an independent kingdom seems to have been still fresh in men's minds. It is very frequently mentioned as such in the Jātakas and elsewhere. Kāsi was once ruled by the Bhāratas, one of whom, Dhatarattha, was its king in the time of Renu (D.ii.235f).
There seem to have been frequent wars between the countries of Kāsi and Kosala, victory belonging now to one, now to the other. In one such war, Dīghāti, the Kosala king, was defeated by the king of Kāsi, but Dīghīti's son Dīghāvu won back the kingdom (Vin.i.334; J. iii.487; DhA.i.46). In another war the Kāsi king, Mahāsīlava, was taken captive by the ruler of Kosala, but his kingdom was later restored to him (J.i.262, etc.; see also i.409; UdA.123).
The traditional name of the king of Kāsi from time immemorial was evidently Brahmadatta, and references to kings of that name abound in the Jātakas. Sometimes the king is referred to merely as Kāsi-rājā.
Among other kings of Kāsi mentioned are Kikī (M.ii.49) and Kalābu (J.iii.39). The extent of the Kāsi kingdom is given as three hundred leagues (J.v.41; also iii.304, 391).
The capital of Kāsi is generally given as Bārānasī, but it is said that when Asoka was king of Kāsi his capital was in Potali (J.iii.155), and another king, Udaya-bhadda, had his seat of government in Surundha (J.iv.104ff). It is possible that these cities did not form part of the regular kingdom of Kāsi, but became annexed to it during the reigns of some of the more powerful kings.
Kāsi was evidently a great centre of trade and a most populous and prosperous country. Frequent mention is made of caravans leaving Kāsi to travel for trade. One highway went through Kāsi to Rājagaha (Vin.i.212) and another to Sāvatthi (Vin.ii.10; Mhv.v.114). Kāsi was famed for her silks, and Kāsi-robes were most highly esteemed as gifts, each robe being valued at one hundred thousand. (See, e.g., J. vi.151, 450; see also Addhakāsi). Mention is also made of the perfumes of Kāsi (Kāsi-vilepana (J.i.355) and Kāsi-candana (A.iii.391; UdA.332)).
Besides those already referred to, other names of places mentioned in literature as belonging to Kāsi, are Vāsabhagāma, Macchikāsanda (the kammantagāma of Anāthapindika), Kītāgiri and Dhammapālagāma.
Kāsi and Kosala are frequently mentioned together. (E.g., A.v.59).
2. Kāsi, or Kāsika. A city, the birthplace of Phussa Buddha (Bu.xix.14; J. i.41). There he preached the Buddhavamsa (BuA.193). The city is probably to be identified with Benares, which is sometimes referred to as Kāsipura (E.g., DhA.i.71; J. v.54; vi.165; M.i.171; DhsA.35; Cv.xli.37). It is also called Kāsipurī (PvA.19).
