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Difference between revisions of "Of false and True Refuges"

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The Importance of Taking the [[Three Refuges]] Based on the Commentaries (‘[[Atthakatha]]“)of Ven [[Buddhaghosa]], 5th century C ELee Yu Ban, Sept 2010
 
The Importance of Taking the [[Three Refuges]] Based on the Commentaries (‘[[Atthakatha]]“)of Ven [[Buddhaghosa]], 5th century C ELee Yu Ban, Sept 2010
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Buddham saranam gacchamiI go for [[refuge]] to the Buddha;Dhammam saranam gacchamiI go for [[refuge]] to the Dhamma;Sangham saranam gacchamiI go for [[refuge]] to the Sangha.Dutiyampi Buddham saranam gacchamiDutiyampi Dhammam saranam gacchamiDutiyampi Sangham saranam gacchamiTatiyampi Buddham saranam gacchamiTatiyampi Dhammam saranam gacchamiTatiyampi [[Sangham saranam gacchami]]
 
Buddham saranam gacchamiI go for [[refuge]] to the Buddha;Dhammam saranam gacchamiI go for [[refuge]] to the Dhamma;Sangham saranam gacchamiI go for [[refuge]] to the Sangha.Dutiyampi Buddham saranam gacchamiDutiyampi Dhammam saranam gacchamiDutiyampi Sangham saranam gacchamiTatiyampi Buddham saranam gacchamiTatiyampi Dhammam saranam gacchamiTatiyampi [[Sangham saranam gacchami]]
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[[Dhammapada]] verses 188-192 190-191.  
 
[[Dhammapada]] verses 188-192 190-191.  
  
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He who has gone for [[refuge]] to the [[Buddha]], the  [[Dhamma]] and his [[Sangha]], and                           penetrate with [[wisdom]] the FourNoble [[Truths]] — [[suffering]], thecause of [[suffering]], the cessationof [[suffering]], and the NobleEightfold [[Path]] leading to t                      hecessation of [[suffering]].• 192. This indeed is the saferefuge, this the [[refuge]] supreme.Having gone to such a [[refuge]], oneis released from all [[suffering]].• 188. Driven by {{Wiki|fear}}, men go forrefuge to many places — to hills,woods, groves, [[trees]] and [[shrines]].• 189. Such, indeed, is no saferefuge; such is not the refugesupreme. Not by resorting to sucha [[refuge]] is one released from allsuffering.
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He who has gone for [[refuge]] to the [[Buddha]], the  [[Dhamma]] and his [[Sangha]], and penetrate with [[wisdom]] the [[Four Noble Truths]] — [[suffering]], thecause of [[suffering]], the cessationof [[suffering]], and the [[Noble Eightfold Path]] leading to the  [[cessation]] of [[suffering]]. 192.  
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This indeed is the safe [[refuge]], this the [[refuge]] supreme.Having gone to such a [[refuge]], oneis released from all [[suffering]].188. Driven by {{Wiki|fear}}, men go for [[refuge]] to many places — to hills,woods, groves, [[trees]] and [[shrines]]
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.  
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Such, indeed, is no safe [[refuge]]; such is not the [[refuge]] supreme. Not by resorting to such a [[refuge]] is one released from all [[suffering]].
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1. Why [[Take Refuge]] [[Buddhaghosa]] says that the [[3 Refuges]] offers [[protection]] from [[suffering]] [[arising]] from:– The dangers in the [[present life]]– The dangers in {{Wiki|future}} [[lives]]– The dangers in our general course of [[existence]] in [[Samsara]]
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Dangers pertaining to the [[present life]] The uncertainty of [[life]]– we are [[subject]] to disease,accident, and injury– {{Wiki|disasters}} such as earthquakes and floods– [[Society]] problems like business failure, loss of job, [[crime]], {{Wiki|social}} unrest, [[war]]– Ultimately, [[death]] Even when they are unrealised we live in [[constant]], stress,anxiety, {{Wiki|fear}} When our {{Wiki|fears}} are realised, we [[experience]] {{Wiki|depression}}, grief,despair We all want happiness,but t
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The First [[Reason]] for [[Going For Refuge]] How then do we rid ourselves of this {{Wiki|fear}}, [[stress]], [[suffering]]?
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Since we cannot alter the [[nature]] of the [[world]] to make it harmonize withour will, we must change ourselves, by putting away [[attachment]] andaversion towards the [[world]].
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We have to stop our [[clinging]], to stop wanting things to go our way, learn to view events with a [[detached]] [[equanimity]].
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We cannot change the [[realities]] of this [[world]] but we can change our [[attitude]] towards it.
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[[Pain]] is inevitable, [[Suffering]] is optional.This is the first [[reason]] for [[going for refuge]] — the need for [[protection]] from {{Wiki|reaction}} to the dangers in this [[life]].
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1. Why [[Take Refuge]]• [[Buddhaghosa]] says that the [[3 Refuges]] offers [[protection]] fromsuffering [[arising]] from:– The dangers in the [[present life]]– The dangers in {{Wiki|future}} [[lives]]– The dangers in our general course of [[existence]] in [[Samsara]]
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The Dangers Pertaining to Future [[Lives]]
  
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Dangers pertaining to the [[present life]]• The uncertainty of [[life]]– we are [[subject]] to disease,accident, and injury– {{Wiki|disasters}} such as earthquakes andfloods– [[Society]] problems like businessfailure, loss of job, [[crime]], socialunrest, [[war]]– Ultimately, [[death]]• Even when they are unrealisedwe live in [[constant]], stress,anxiety, {{Wiki|fear}}• When our {{Wiki|fears}} are realised, weexperience {{Wiki|depression}}, grief,despairWe all want happiness,but this is threatened by:
 
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The First [[Reason]] for [[Going For Refuge]]• How then do we rid ourselves of this {{Wiki|fear}}, [[stress]], [[suffering]]?• Since we cannot alter the [[nature]] of the [[world]] to make it harmonize withour will, we must change ourselves, by putting away [[attachment]] andaversion towards the [[world]]. We have to stop our [[clinging]], to stop wantingthings to go our way, learn to view events with a [[detached]] [[equanimity]].• We cannot change the [[realities]] of this [[world]] but we can change ourattitude towards it. [[Pain]] is inevitable, [[Suffering]] is optional.This is the first [[reason]] for [[going for refuge]] — the need forprotection from {{Wiki|reaction}} to the dangers in this [[life]].
 
  
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The Dangers Pertaining to Future [[Lives]]• Our liability to harm and [[danger]] does not end with [[death]].• With [[death]] comes another [[birth]] and a new round of [[suffering]].• can take place in any of the [[31 planes of existence]]– [[Hell]], [[animals]], [[petas]], [[asuras]], [[humans]], [[devas]] and above
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Our liability to harm and [[danger]] does not end with [[death]].
  
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You are here,…..……for now• [[Devas]] - live in splendor andhappiness. Yet even the [[Devas]] growold, [[die]] and are [[reborn]]• [[Asura]] - marked by their fierce envy.The [[karma]] of [[hate]] and jealousycauses [[rebirth]] as [[Asuras]].• [[Petas]]- A [[hungry ghost]] always lookingoutside himself for things that willsatisfy the [[craving]] within. Hungryghosts are characterized by insatiablehunger.• [[Hell Realm]] - the most terrible of theSix [[Realms]]. Everything makes themangry.• [[Animal Realm]] - [[conditioned]] byignorance and [[dullness]].• [[Human Realm]] - the only [[realm]] of thesix from which [[beings]] may escapesamsara. [[Enlightenment]] is at hand inthe [[Human Realm]], yet only a fewopen their [[eyes]] and see it.The [[Six Realms of Rebirth]]
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With [[Devas]] - live in splendor and [[happiness]].  
  
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What determines our rebirth?“Beings are owners of their [[kamma]], heirs of kamma,they have [[kamma]] as their seed, [[kamma]] as their relatives,kamma as their home. …………..It is [[kamma]] that differentiate [[beings]] according to inferiorityand {{Wiki|superiority}}.“~ [[Cula-kammavibhanga Sutta]]
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Yet even the [[Devas]] grow old, [[die]] and are [[reborn]][[Asura]] - marked by their fierce [[envy]].
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The [[karma]] of [[hate]] and [[jealousy]] [[causes]] [[rebirth]] as [[Asuras]].
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[[Petas]]- A [[hungry ghost]] always looking outside himself for things that will satisfy the [[craving]] within.
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[[Hungry ghosts]] are characterized by insatiable hunger.
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[[Hell Realm]] - the most terrible of the [[Six Realms]]. Everything makes them [[angry]].
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[[Animal Realm]] - [[conditioned]] by [[ignorance]] and [[dullness]].
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[[Human Realm]] - the only [[realm]] of thesix from which [[beings]] may escape [[samsara]]. [[Enlightenment]] is at hand inthe [[Human Realm]], yet only a few open their [[eyes]] and see it.The [[Six Realms of Rebirth]]
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What determines our rebirth?“Beings are owners of their [[kamma]], heirs of kamma,they have [[kamma]] as their seed, [[kamma]] as their relatives,kamma as their home. …………..It is [[kamma]] that differentiate [[beings]] according to {{Wiki|inferiority}} and {{Wiki|superiority}}.“
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[[Cula-kammavibhanga Sutta]]
 
[[File:Yh4j4s c.jpg|thumb|250px|]]
 
[[File:Yh4j4s c.jpg|thumb|250px|]]
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We need to {{Wiki|protect}} ourselves from thedanger of low [[rebirths]]• [[Protection]] from a falling into the plane ofmisery cannot be obtained from others.• It can only be prevented by avoiding thecauses leading to an unfortunate [[rebirth]].• The [[cause]] for [[rebirth]] into any specificplane of [[existence]] lies in our [[kamma]]• Thus we need instruction on doingwholesome [[kamma]] and avoidingunwholesome [[kamma]]– By purifying our [[actions]] of our body,our {{Wiki|speech}} and [[mind]]
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We need to {{Wiki|protect}} ourselves from the [[danger]] of low [[rebirths]]
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[[Protection]] from a falling into the plane of [[misery]] cannot be obtained from others.• It can only be prevented by avoiding the [[causes]] leading to an unfortunate [[rebirth]].
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The [[cause]] for [[rebirth]] into any specific plane of [[existence]] lies in our [[kamma]] Thus we need instruction on doing [[wholesome]] [[kamma]] and avoiding un [[wholesome]] [[kamma]]– By purifying our [[actions]] of our body,our {{Wiki|speech}} and [[mind]]
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Daily practice of a [[Buddhist]] [[Kusala]] [[deeds]]
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[[Generosity]]
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[[Morality]]
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[[Meditation]]
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Reverence
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Service
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[[Transference]] of [[merits]]
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Rejoice in other’s [[merits]]
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Hearing the [[doctrine]]
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Expounding the [[doctrine]]
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Straightening one’s view [[Akusala]] [[deeds]]  {{Wiki|Killing}}
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[[Stealing]]
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[[Sexual misconduct]]
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{{Wiki|Lying}}
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[[Slandering]]
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Harsh {{Wiki|speech}}
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Vain talking
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Grapsing
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Ill [[belief]]
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[[False belief]]
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The second [[reason]] for [[going for refuge]]
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To avoid committing [[unwholesome]] [[kamma]] we need help, for two main [[reasons]].-
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To choose correctly, we require guidance —Clear teachings from one who [[knows]] the results of all [[actions]], and the [[causes]] leading to [[rebirth]] in the different plane sof [[existence]].- even when we can discriminate right from wrong, our weaknesses often drive us to pursue the wrong.
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The second [[reason]] for [[going for refuge]] — the need to [[master]] our [[actions]] so as to avoid falling into the lower [[rebirths]] in {{Wiki|future}} [[lives]].
  
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Daily practice of a BuddhistKusala [[deeds]]• [[Generosity]]• [[Morality]]• [[Meditation]]• Reverence• Service• [[Transference]] of [[merits]]• Rejoice in other’s [[merits]]• Hearing the [[doctrine]]• Expounding the [[doctrine]]• Straightening one’s viewAkusala [[deeds]]• {{Wiki|Killing}}• [[Stealing]]• [[Sexual misconduct]]• {{Wiki|Lying}}• [[Slandering]]• Harsh {{Wiki|speech}}• Vain talking• Grapsing• Ill [[belief]]• [[False belief]]
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Dangers pertaining to the general course of [[existence]] in [[samsara]]
  
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The second [[reason]] for [[going for refuge]]• To avoid committing unwholesomekamma we need help, for two mainreasons.- To choose correctly, we requireguidance —Clear teachings fromone who [[knows]] the results of allactions, and the [[causes]] leadingto [[rebirth]] in the different planesof [[existence]].- even when we can discriminateright from wrong, ourweaknesses often drive us topursue the wrong.The second [[reason]] for [[going for refuge]] — the need to [[master]] ouractions so as to avoid falling into the lower [[rebirths]] in {{Wiki|future}} [[lives]].
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More [[dangerous]] than the [[dukkha]] that is [[experienced]] in this [[life]] and in the next [[life]] is the unending round of [[rebirth]] in [[samsara]].
  
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Dangers pertaining to the generalcourse of [[existence]] in [[samsara]]• More [[dangerous]] than thedukkha that is [[experienced]] inthis [[life]] and in the next [[life]] is theunending round of [[rebirth]] insamsara.• [[Samsara]] is the cycle ofbecoming, the round of birth,aging and [[death]], which hasbeen revolving throughbeginningless time.
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[[Samsara]] is the cycle of becoming, the round of birth,aging and [[death]], which has been revolving through [[beginningless]] time.
 
[[File:Xevvv.jpg|thumb|250px|]]
 
[[File:Xevvv.jpg|thumb|250px|]]
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The third [[reason]] for [[going for refuge]]• The [[causes]] for [[birth]] in [[samsara]] are withinourselves• To put an end to our [[existence]] in samsara,we must put an end to the [[craving]] forexistence ([[bhava-tanha]]).• [[Bhava-tanha]] has its [[roots]] in our [[minds]] - theso called [[3 poisons]] ( [[greed]], [[hatred]] anddelusion )• The [[Buddha]], in the [[4 Noble Truths]] describesthe way how we can uproot [[Delusion]] andput an end to RebirthThis is the third [[reason]] for [[going for refuge]] — the need fordeliverance from [[Samsara]].
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The third [[reason]] for [[going for refuge]]The [[causes]] for [[birth]] in [[samsara]] are within ourselves
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To put an end to our [[existence]] in samsara,we must put an end to the [[craving]] for [[existence]] ([[bhava-tanha]]).
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[[Bhava-tanha]] has its [[roots]] in our [[minds]] - the so called [[3 poisons]] ( [[greed]], [[hatred]] and [[delusion]] ) The [[Buddha]], in the [[4 Noble Truths]] describes the way how we can uproot [[Delusion]] and put an end to [[Rebirth]] This is the third [[reason]] for [[going for refuge]] — the need for [[deliverance]] from [[Samsara]].
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"Why do we need a [[refuge]]?" [[Protection]] from:– Dangers pertaining to the [[present life]]– Dangers pertaining to {{Wiki|future}} [[lives]]– Dangers pertaining to [[existence]] in [[samsara]]. 
  
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"Why do we need a [[refuge]]?"• [[Protection]] from:– Dangers pertaining to the presentlife– Dangers pertaining to {{Wiki|future}} [[lives]]– Dangers pertaining to [[existence]] insamsara.• Benefits– [[Happiness]] in the [[present life]]– Secure {{Wiki|future}} [[lives]]– Eventual [[Liberation from samsara]]
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Benefits– [[Happiness]] in the [[present life]]– Secure {{Wiki|future}} [[lives]]– Eventual [[Liberation from samsara]]
  
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2. The [[Existence]] of a [[Refuge]]• [[A refuge]] must be secure, beyonddanger and {{Wiki|distress}}• The [[refuge]] must be accessible tous.• “When [[people]] have gone forrefuge, then by that very goingfor [[refuge]] it crushes, dispels,removes, and stops their fear,anguish, [[suffering]], [[risk]] ofunhappy [[rebirth]] and [[defilement]].”~ Khuddakapatha-Atthakatha
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2. The [[Existence]] of a [[Refuge]] [[A refuge]] must be secure, beyond [[danger]] and {{Wiki|distress}} The [[refuge]] must be accessible tous.
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“When [[people]] have gone for [[refuge]], then by that very going for [[refuge]] it crushes, dispels,removes, and stops their fear,anguish, [[suffering]], [[risk]] of [[unhappy]] [[rebirth]] and [[defilement]].” [[Khuddakapatha-Atthakatha]]
 
[[File:Urden1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]
 
[[File:Urden1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]
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3. Identification of the [[Objects]] of RefugeThe Supremacy of the 3 RefugesSalutation To The BuddhaSuch indeed is the [[Blessed One]], [[Exalted]], FullyEnlightened, Endowed with [[knowledge]] and virtue,Well-gone, [[Knower of the worlds]], a Guideincomparable for the {{Wiki|training}} of individuals,Teacher of [[gods]] and men, [[Enlightened]] and Holy.Salutation To The DhammaWell-expounded is the [[Dhamma]] by the BlessedOne to be self-realized; with immediate fruit;inviting to come and see; capable of being enteredupon; to be realised by the [[wise]] each for himself.Salutation To The SanghaOf [[good conduct]] is the Order of the [[Disciples]] ofthe [[Blessed One]]. Of upright conduct is the Orderof the [[Blessed One]]. Of [[wise]] conduct is the Orderof the [[Blessed One]]. Of dutiful conduct is the Orderof the Blessed One.Itipiso [[Bhagava]] ArahamSammasambuddho vijjacarana-sampannoSugato LokaviduAnuttaro purisadamma-sarathi satthaDevamanussanamBuddha BhagavatiSvakkhato [[Bhagavata]] DhammoSanditthiko, [[Akaliko]], EhipassikoOpanayiko, [[Paccattam]] veditabbovinnuhitiSupatipanno [[Bhagavato]] savakasanghoUjupatipanno [[Bhagavato]] savakasanghoNayapatipanno BhagavatosavakasanghoSamicipatipanno Bhagavatosavakasangho
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3. Identification of the [[Objects]] of  
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Supremacy of the [[3 Refuges]] Salutation To The [[Buddha]] Such indeed is the [[Blessed One]], [[Exalted]], Fully [[Enlightened]], Endowed with [[knowledge]] and virtue,Well-gone, [[Knower of the worlds]], a Guide incomparable for the {{Wiki|training}} of {{Wiki|individuals}}, [[Teacher]] of [[gods]] and men, [[Enlightened]] and {{Wiki|Holy}}.
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Salutation To The [[Dhamma]] Well-expounded is the [[Dhamma]] by the [[Blessed One]] to be self-realized; with immediate fruit;inviting to come and see; capable of being entered upon; to be realised by the [[wise]] each for himself.Salutation To The [[Sangha]] Of [[good conduct]] is the Order of the [[Disciples]] ofthe [[Blessed One]].  
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Of upright conduct is the Order of the [[Blessed One]].  
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Of [[wise]] conduct is the Order of the [[Blessed One]]. Of dutiful conduct is the Order of the [[Blessed One]].
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Itipiso [[Bhagava]] Araham [[Sammasambuddho]] vijjacarana-sampanno [[Sugato]] LokaviduAnuttaro purisadamma-sarathi satthaDevamanussanamBuddha BhagavatiSvakkhato [[Bhagavata]] DhammoSanditthiko, [[Akaliko]], EhipassikoOpanayiko, [[Paccattam]] veditabbovinnuhitiSupatipanno [[Bhagavato]] savakasanghoUjupatipanno [[Bhagavato]] savakasanghoNayapatipanno BhagavatosavakasanghoSamicipatipanno Bhagavatosavakasangho
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4. The Act of [[Going for Refuge]]“ Magnificent, [[Master Gotama]]!
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Magnificent!Just as if he were to place upright what had been overturned, were to reveal what was hidden, were to show the way to one who was lost, or were to hold up a [[lamp]] in the dark so that those with [[eyes]] could see [[forms]], in the same way [[Master Gotama]] has -- through many lines of {{Wiki|reasoning}} -- made the [[Dhamma]] clear.
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I go to [[Master Gotama]] for [[refuge]], to the [[Dhamma]], and to the [[Sangha]].
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May [[Master Gotama]] remember me as a lay follower who has gone to him for [[refuge]], from this day forward, for [[life]]. "
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[[Abhaya Sutta]], ([[Discourse]] to {{Wiki|Prince}} [[Abhaya]])]).
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Requirements in [[Taking Refuge]] effectively
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The formal commitment to the [[Triple Gem]] is expressed by reciting the [[formula]] of fully embracing the [[Buddhas teaching]].
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To be effective, it must be accompanied by [[faith]], [[devotion]] and a firm [[intention]].
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Taking the [[Refuge]] in the [[3 Jewels]] then provides access to the whole [[body]] of teachings that gives us safety Buddham saranam gacchamiI go for [[refuge]] to the Buddha;Dhammam saranam gacchami I go for [[refuge]] to the Dhamma;Sangham saranam gacchamiI go for [[refuge]] to the [[Sangha]].
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5. [[Corruptions]] and Breach of the [[Refuge]]
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According to the commentaries there are three factors thatdefile the [[going for refuge]]:– [[ignorance]]– [[doubt]]– [[wrong views]]
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Even though the [[refuge]] act is {{Wiki|defiled}} by these [[corruptions]], as long as a [[person]] regards the [[Three Jewels]] as his supreme reliance his [[going for refuge]] is intact and he remains a [[Buddhist]] follower.
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But though the [[refuge]] is intact, his [[attitude]] of [[taking refuge]] is defective and has to be [[purified]].
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Breach of [[Refuge]]
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If he comes to regard another [[spiritual teacher]] as {{Wiki|superior}} to the [[Buddha]], or as possessing greater [[spiritual]] authority thanthe [[Buddha]].
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If he comes to regard another [[religious]] [[teaching]] as {{Wiki|superior}} to the [[Dhamma]], or resorts to some other system of practice as his means to [[deliverance]].
  
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4. The Act of [[Going for Refuge]]“ Magnificent, [[Master Gotama]]! Magnificent!Just as if he were to place upright what hadbeen overturned, were to reveal what washidden, were to show the way to one who waslost, or were to hold up a [[lamp]] in the dark sothat those with [[eyes]] could see [[forms]], in thesame way [[Master Gotama]] has -- through manylines of {{Wiki|reasoning}} -- made the [[Dhamma]] clear.I go to [[Master Gotama]] for [[refuge]], to theDhamma, and to the [[Sangha]]. May MasterGotama remember me as a lay follower whohas gone to him for [[refuge]], from this dayforward, for [[life]]. "~ [[Abhaya Sutta]], ([[Discourse]] to {{Wiki|Prince}} [[Abhaya]]).
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If he comes to regard some [[spiritual community]] other than the [[ariyan]] [[Sangha]] as occupying a higher [[spiritual]] level than the [[ariyan]] [[Sangha]].– then his [[going for refuge]] is broken.
  
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Requirements in Taking Refugeeffectively• The formal commitment to the [[Triple Gem]] is expressed by reciting theformula of fully embracing the [[Buddhas teaching]].• To be effective, it must be accompanied by [[faith]], [[devotion]] and a firmintention.• Taking the [[Refuge]] in the [[3 Jewels]] then provides access to the whole bodyof teachings that gives us safetyBuddham saranam gacchamiI go for [[refuge]] to the Buddha;Dhammam saranam gacchamiI go for [[refuge]] to the Dhamma;Sangham saranam gacchamiI go for [[refuge]] to the [[Sangha]].
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The beneficial teachings of others
  
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5. [[Corruptions]] and Breach of theRefuge• According to the commentaries there are three factors thatdefile the [[going for refuge]]:– [[ignorance]]– [[doubt]]– [[wrong views]]• Even though the [[refuge]] act is {{Wiki|defiled}} by these [[corruptions]], aslong as a [[person]] regards the [[Three Jewels]] as his supremereliance his [[going for refuge]] is intact and he remains aBuddhist follower.• But though the [[refuge]] is intact, his [[attitude]] of [[taking refuge]] isdefective and has to be [[purified]].
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Are there [[spiritual]] [[truths]] in other [[religions]]?- Thisquestion was answered by Ven [[Sariputta]].
  
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Breach of [[Refuge]]• If he comes to regard another [[spiritual teacher]] as {{Wiki|superior}} tothe [[Buddha]], or as possessing greater [[spiritual]] authority thanthe [[Buddha]].• If he comes to regard another [[religious]] [[teaching]] as {{Wiki|superior}} tothe [[Dhamma]], or resorts to some other system of practice ashis means to [[deliverance]].• If he comes to regard some [[spiritual community]] other thanthe [[ariyan]] [[Sangha]] as occupying a higher [[spiritual]] level thanthe [[ariyan]] [[Sangha]].– then his [[going for refuge]] is broken.
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"Friends, just as the footprints of all leggedanimals are encompassed by the footprint of theelephant, and the [[elephants]] footprint is reckonedthe foremost among them in terms of size; in thesame way, all [[skillful]] qualities are [[gathered]] underthe [[Four Noble Truths]].”
  
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The beneficial teachings of others• Are there [[spiritual]] [[truths]] in other [[religions]]?- Thisquestion was answered by Ven [[Sariputta]].• "Friends, just as the footprints of all leggedanimals are encompassed by the footprint of theelephant, and the [[elephants]] footprint is reckonedthe foremost among them in terms of size; in thesame way, all [[skillful]] qualities are [[gathered]] underthe [[Four Noble Truths]].”~ Ven. [[Sariputta]] in the [[Maha]]- hatthipadopamaSutta:The Great [[Elephant]] Footprint Simile
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Ven. [[Sariputta]] in the [[Maha]]- hatthipadopamaSutta:The Great [[Elephant]] Footprint Simile[[Natthi]] me saranam aññamBuddho ([[Dhammo]], Sangho) me saranam varam"For me there is no other [[refuge]], the Buddha,(Dhamma, [[Sangha]]) is my supreme [[refuge]].“
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[[Natthi]] me saranam aññamBuddho ([[Dhammo]], Sangho) me saranam varam"For me there is no other [[refuge]], the Buddha,(Dhamma, [[Sangha]]) is my supreme [[refuge]].“
 
 
</poem>
 
</poem>
 
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[[Category:Refuge]]
 
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Latest revision as of 22:47, 4 April 2016

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Of False and True Refuges. Do you believe this man can turn into an insect?

True or False? The indelible ink can last 7 days

True or false? Placing a geomancy on the door brings good luck

True or false?

Placing a frog facing North West will bring prosperity

Knocking nails on the walls during pregnancy period will cause miscarriage

Friday the 13th is a mysterious day where murdertake place

You must ask for permission when you urinate in thebush• You must pick a good date to get married

Full moon eggs must be red color only.
The Importance of Taking the Three Refuges Based on the Commentaries (‘Atthakatha“)of Ven Buddhaghosa, 5th century C ELee Yu Ban, Sept 2010


Buddham saranam gacchamiI go for refuge to the Buddha;Dhammam saranam gacchamiI go for refuge to the Dhamma;Sangham saranam gacchamiI go for refuge to the Sangha.Dutiyampi Buddham saranam gacchamiDutiyampi Dhammam saranam gacchamiDutiyampi Sangham saranam gacchamiTatiyampi Buddham saranam gacchamiTatiyampi Dhammam saranam gacchamiTatiyampi Sangham saranam gacchami

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What I’ll cover1.

Why Take Refuge2.

The Existence of a Refuge3.

The 3 Jewels as the Supreme Refuge4.
 
The Act of Going for Refuge5.

Corruptions and Breach of Refuge

Dhammapada verses 188-192 190-191.

He who has gone for refuge to the Buddha, the Dhamma and his Sangha, and penetrate with wisdom the Four Noble Truths — suffering, thecause of suffering, the cessationof suffering, and the Noble Eightfold Path leading to the cessation of suffering. 192.

This indeed is the safe refuge, this the refuge supreme.Having gone to such a refuge, oneis released from all suffering.188. Driven by fear, men go for refuge to many places — to hills,woods, groves, trees and shrines
.

Such, indeed, is no safe refuge; such is not the refuge supreme. Not by resorting to such a refuge is one released from all suffering.

1. Why Take Refuge Buddhaghosa says that the 3 Refuges offers protection from suffering arising from:– The dangers in the present life– The dangers in future lives– The dangers in our general course of existence in Samsara

Dangers pertaining to the present life The uncertainty of life– we are subject to disease,accident, and injury– disasters such as earthquakes and floods– Society problems like business failure, loss of job, crime, social unrest, war– Ultimately, death Even when they are unrealised we live in constant, stress,anxiety, fear When our fears are realised, we experience depression, grief,despair We all want happiness,but t
The First Reason for Going For Refuge How then do we rid ourselves of this fear, stress, suffering?


Since we cannot alter the nature of the world to make it harmonize withour will, we must change ourselves, by putting away attachment andaversion towards the world.

We have to stop our clinging, to stop wanting things to go our way, learn to view events with a detached equanimity.
 We cannot change the realities of this world but we can change our attitude towards it.

Pain is inevitable, Suffering is optional.This is the first reason for going for refuge — the need for protection from reaction to the dangers in this life.


The Dangers Pertaining to Future Lives


Our liability to harm and danger does not end with death.

With Devas - live in splendor and happiness.

Yet even the Devas grow old, die and are rebornAsura - marked by their fierce envy.

The karma of hate and jealousy causes rebirth as Asuras.


Petas- A hungry ghost always looking outside himself for things that will satisfy the craving within.

Hungry ghosts are characterized by insatiable hunger.

Hell Realm - the most terrible of the Six Realms. Everything makes them angry.
Animal Realm - conditioned by ignorance and dullness.

Human Realm - the only realm of thesix from which beings may escape samsara. Enlightenment is at hand inthe Human Realm, yet only a few open their eyes and see it.The Six Realms of Rebirth

What determines our rebirth?“Beings are owners of their kamma, heirs of kamma,they have kamma as their seed, kamma as their relatives,kamma as their home. …………..It is kamma that differentiate beings according to inferiority and superiority.“

Cula-kammavibhanga Sutta

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We need to protect ourselves from the danger of low rebirths

Protection from a falling into the plane of misery cannot be obtained from others.• It can only be prevented by avoiding the causes leading to an unfortunate rebirth.

The cause for rebirth into any specific plane of existence lies in our kamma Thus we need instruction on doing wholesome kamma and avoiding un wholesome kamma– By purifying our actions of our body,our speech and mind

Daily practice of a Buddhist Kusala deeds

Generosity
Morality
Meditation
Reverence
Service

Transference of merits
Rejoice in other’s merits
Hearing the doctrine
Expounding the doctrine
Straightening one’s view Akusala deeds Killing
Stealing
Sexual misconduct
Lying
Slandering
Harsh speech
Vain talking
Grapsing
Ill belief
False belief

The second reason for going for refuge

To avoid committing unwholesome kamma we need help, for two main reasons.-

To choose correctly, we require guidance —Clear teachings from one who knows the results of all actions, and the causes leading to rebirth in the different plane sof existence.- even when we can discriminate right from wrong, our weaknesses often drive us to pursue the wrong.

The second reason for going for refuge — the need to master our actions so as to avoid falling into the lower rebirths in future lives.

Dangers pertaining to the general course of existence in samsara

More dangerous than the dukkha that is experienced in this life and in the next life is the unending round of rebirth in samsara.

Samsara is the cycle of becoming, the round of birth,aging and death, which has been revolving through beginningless time.

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The third reason for going for refugeThe causes for birth in samsara are within ourselves

To put an end to our existence in samsara,we must put an end to the craving for existence (bhava-tanha).

Bhava-tanha has its roots in our minds - the so called 3 poisons ( greed, hatred and delusion ) The Buddha, in the 4 Noble Truths describes the way how we can uproot Delusion and put an end to Rebirth This is the third reason for going for refuge — the need for deliverance from Samsara.

"Why do we need a refuge?" Protection from:– Dangers pertaining to the present life– Dangers pertaining to future lives– Dangers pertaining to existence in samsara.

Benefits– Happiness in the present life– Secure future lives– Eventual Liberation from samsara

2. The Existence of a Refuge A refuge must be secure, beyond danger and distress The refuge must be accessible tous.

“When people have gone for refuge, then by that very going for refuge it crushes, dispels,removes, and stops their fear,anguish, suffering, risk of unhappy rebirth and defilement.” Khuddakapatha-Atthakatha

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3. Identification of the Objects of

Supremacy of the 3 Refuges Salutation To The Buddha Such indeed is the Blessed One, Exalted, Fully Enlightened, Endowed with knowledge and virtue,Well-gone, Knower of the worlds, a Guide incomparable for the training of individuals, Teacher of gods and men, Enlightened and Holy.

Salutation To The Dhamma Well-expounded is the Dhamma by the Blessed One to be self-realized; with immediate fruit;inviting to come and see; capable of being entered upon; to be realised by the wise each for himself.Salutation To The Sangha Of good conduct is the Order of the Disciples ofthe Blessed One.

Of upright conduct is the Order of the Blessed One.

Of wise conduct is the Order of the Blessed One. Of dutiful conduct is the Order of the Blessed One.

Itipiso Bhagava Araham Sammasambuddho vijjacarana-sampanno Sugato LokaviduAnuttaro purisadamma-sarathi satthaDevamanussanamBuddha BhagavatiSvakkhato Bhagavata DhammoSanditthiko, Akaliko, EhipassikoOpanayiko, Paccattam veditabbovinnuhitiSupatipanno Bhagavato savakasanghoUjupatipanno Bhagavato savakasanghoNayapatipanno BhagavatosavakasanghoSamicipatipanno Bhagavatosavakasangho

4. The Act of Going for Refuge“ Magnificent, Master Gotama!

Magnificent!Just as if he were to place upright what had been overturned, were to reveal what was hidden, were to show the way to one who was lost, or were to hold up a lamp in the dark so that those with eyes could see forms, in the same way Master Gotama has -- through many lines of reasoning -- made the Dhamma clear.

I go to Master Gotama for refuge, to the Dhamma, and to the Sangha.

May Master Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone to him for refuge, from this day forward, for life. "

Abhaya Sutta, (Discourse to Prince Abhaya)]).

Requirements in Taking Refuge effectively

The formal commitment to the Triple Gem is expressed by reciting the formula of fully embracing the Buddhas teaching.

To be effective, it must be accompanied by faith, devotion and a firm intention.

Taking the Refuge in the 3 Jewels then provides access to the whole body of teachings that gives us safety Buddham saranam gacchamiI go for refuge to the Buddha;Dhammam saranam gacchami I go for refuge to the Dhamma;Sangham saranam gacchamiI go for refuge to the Sangha.


5. Corruptions and Breach of the Refuge


According to the commentaries there are three factors thatdefile the going for refuge:– ignorance– doubt– wrong views

Even though the refuge act is defiled by these corruptions, as long as a person regards the Three Jewels as his supreme reliance his going for refuge is intact and he remains a Buddhist follower.

But though the refuge is intact, his attitude of taking refuge is defective and has to be purified.

Breach of Refuge

If he comes to regard another spiritual teacher as superior to the Buddha, or as possessing greater spiritual authority thanthe Buddha.

If he comes to regard another religious teaching as superior to the Dhamma, or resorts to some other system of practice as his means to deliverance.

If he comes to regard some spiritual community other than the ariyan Sangha as occupying a higher spiritual level than the ariyan Sangha.– then his going for refuge is broken.

The beneficial teachings of others

Are there spiritual truths in other religions?- Thisquestion was answered by Ven Sariputta.

"Friends, just as the footprints of all leggedanimals are encompassed by the footprint of theelephant, and the elephants footprint is reckonedthe foremost among them in terms of size; in thesame way, all skillful qualities are gathered underthe Four Noble Truths.”

Ven. Sariputta in the Maha- hatthipadopamaSutta:The Great Elephant Footprint SimileNatthi me saranam aññamBuddho (Dhammo, Sangho) me saranam varam"For me there is no other refuge, the Buddha,(Dhamma, Sangha) is my supreme refuge.“

Source

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