Difference between revisions of "Avanti"
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| − | + | [[Avanti]] | |
| − | [阿槃提国] (Skt, Pali; Jpn Ahandai-koku) | + | [[阿槃提国]] (Skt, [[Pali]]; Jpn [[Ahandai-koku]]) |
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| + | An {{Wiki|ancient}} {{Wiki|kingdom}} of west-central [[India]]. | ||
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| + | In [[Shakyamuni]] [[Buddha]]'s [[time]], [[Avanti]] was one of the [[sixteen great states]], and [[Ujjayiniwas]] its {{Wiki|capital}}. | ||
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| + | From the [[time]] of [[King]] [[Wikipedia:Pradyota dynasty|Pradyota]] in the sixth century B.C.E., [[Avanti]] prospered as a {{Wiki|powerful}} {{Wiki|kingdom}} and rival to the {{Wiki|kingdom}} of {{Wiki|Magadha}}. | ||
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| + | [[King]] [[Wikipedia:Pradyota dynasty|Pradyota]] was a contemporary of {{Wiki|Bimbisara}}, the [[king]] of {{Wiki|Magadha}}, and his son {{Wiki|Ajatashatru}}. {{Wiki|Mahakatyayana}}, one of [[Shakyamuni]] [[Buddha]]'s ten major [[disciples]], was a native of [[Avanti]]. | ||
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| + | According to one account, [[Utpalavarna]], a [[nun]] in [[Shakyamuni]]'s [[Order]], was also a native of [[Avanti]]. | ||
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| + | [[Avanti]] ([[Sanskrit]]: [[अवन्ति]]) was an {{Wiki|ancient}} [[Indian]] [[janapada]] ([[realm]]), roughly corresponded to the {{Wiki|present}} day {{Wiki|Malwa}} region. | ||
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| + | According to the [[Buddhist text]], the [[Anguttara Nikaya]], [[Avanti]] was one of the [[solasa mahajanapadas]] (sixteen great [[realms]]) of the 6th century BCE. | ||
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| + | The [[janapada]] was divided into two parts by the [[Vindhyas]], the northern part had its {{Wiki|capital}} at [[Ujjayini]] and the southern part had its centre at {{Wiki|Mahishmati}}. | ||
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| + | The [[Avantis]], the {{Wiki|ancient}} [[people]] belonging to this [[realm]] were described as [[mahavala]] (very {{Wiki|powerful}}) in the [[Udyoga Parva]] (19.24) of the {{Wiki|Mahabharata}}. | ||
| − | + | According to the {{Wiki|Vishnu Purana}} (II.3), the {{Wiki|Bhagavata Purana}} (XII.I.36) and the {{Wiki|Brahma Purana}} (XIX.17), the [[Avantis]] were associated with the [[Malavas]], the [[Saurashtras]], the [[Abhiras]], the [[Suras]], the [[Karushas]] and the [[Arbudas]] and were described as dwelling along the [[Pariyatra]] (or [[Paripatra]]) [[mountains]] (a {{Wiki|western}} branch of the [[Vindhyas]]). | |
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| − | The | + | ;The [[Haihayas]] of {{Wiki|Mahishmati}} |
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[[File:Buddha14.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Buddha14.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| − | According to the Puranic accounts, the Haihayas were the earliest rulers of Avanti, who captured the region from the Nagas. Initially, they ruled from Mahishmati. Later the whole janapada was divided into two parts with the capitals at Mahishmati and Ujjayini. The Haihayas were a confederation of five clans, the Vitihotras, the Bhojas, the Avantis, the Tundikeras and the Sharyatas. Later, the Haihayas were better known by their dominant clan - the Vitihotras. Ripunjaya, the last Vitihotra ruler of Ujjayini was overthrown by his amatya (minister) Pulika, who placed his son, Pradyota on the throne. | + | According to the {{Wiki|Puranic}} accounts, the [[Haihayas]] were the earliest rulers of [[Avanti]], who captured the region from the [[Nagas]]. |
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| + | Initially, they ruled from {{Wiki|Mahishmati}}. | ||
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| + | Later the whole [[janapada]] was divided into two parts with the capitals at {{Wiki|Mahishmati}} and [[Ujjayini]]. | ||
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| + | The [[Haihayas]] were a confederation of five {{Wiki|clans}}, the [[Vitihotras]], the [[Bhojas]], the [[Avantis]], the [[Tundikeras]] and the [[Sharyatas]]. | ||
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| + | Later, the [[Haihayas]] were better known by their dominant {{Wiki|clan}} - the [[Vitihotras]]. | ||
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| + | [[Ripunjaya]], the last [[Vitihotra]] [[ruler]] of [[Ujjayini]] was overthrown by his [[amatya]] ([[minister]]) [[Pulika]], who placed his son, [[Wikipedia:Pradyota dynasty|Pradyota]] on the [[throne]]. | ||
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| + | The [[Mahagovindasuttanta]] of the [[Dighanikaya]] mentions about an [[Avanti]] [[king]] [[Vessabhu]] ([[Vishvabhu]]) and his {{Wiki|capital}} Mahissati ({{Wiki|Mahishmati}}). | ||
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| + | Probably he was a [[Vitihotra]] [[ruler]]. | ||
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| + | ;[[Wikipedia:Pradyota dynasty|Pradyota]] {{Wiki|dynasty}} | ||
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| + | [[Wikipedia:Pradyota dynasty|Pradyota]] was contemporary to [[Gautama]] [[Buddha]]. | ||
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| + | He was also known as [[Chandapradyota Mahasena]]. [[Wikipedia:Pradyota dynasty|Pradyota]] captured the [[Vatsa]] [[king]] [[Udayana]] but later he [[married]] [[Pradyota’s]] daughter [[Vasavadatta]]. | ||
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| + | The [[Mahavagga]] described him as {{Wiki|cruel}} and according to the [[Majjhima Nikaya]], [[Ajatashatru]], the [[king]] of {{Wiki|Magadha}} fortified [[Rajagriha]] to {{Wiki|protect}} it from an invasion led by [[Wikipedia:Pradyota dynasty|Pradyota]]. | ||
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| + | He also waged [[war]] on [[Pushkarasarin]], [[king]] of {{Wiki|Takshashila}} [[Pradyota’s]] chief {{Wiki|queen}} [[Gopalamata]] (mother of {{Wiki|prince}} | ||
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| + | [[Gopala]]) was a [[disciple]] of [[Buddhist]] [[monk]] [[Mahakatyayana]] and [[constructed]] a [[stupa]] in [[Ujjayini]]. | ||
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| + | [[Prodyota]] had two sons, [[Gopala]] and [[Palaka]]. | ||
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| + | He was succeeded by [[Palaka]]. | ||
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| + | According to {{Wiki|Jaina}} accounts [[Palaka]] ascended to the [[throne]] on the day of passing away of {{Wiki|Mahavira}}. | ||
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| + | According to the [[Kathasaritsagara]] and the [[Avashyaka Kathanaka]], the {{Wiki|kingdom}} of [[Vatsa]] was already a part of [[Avanti]] during the reign of [[Palaka]] and a {{Wiki|prince}} of the {{Wiki|royal}} [[family]] was the governor of [[Kaushambi]]. | ||
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| + | In the [[Mricchakatika]], [[Palaka]] was described as a tyrant who was overthrown by a popular revolt. | ||
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| + | This revolt placed [[Aryaka]] on the [[throne]] of [[Ujjayini]]. | ||
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| + | The {{Wiki|Puranas}} place [[Nadivardhana]] or [[Vartivardhana]] after [[Aryaka]]. | ||
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| + | But these names are probably [[corruptions]] of [[Avantivardhana]], the [[name]] of the son of [[Palaka]] according to the [[Kathasaritsagara]] or the son of [[Gopala]] according to the {{Wiki|Nepali}} [[Brihatkatha]]. | ||
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| + | He was defeated by [[Shishunaga]], the [[king]] of [[Magadha]]. | ||
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| + | ;[[Avanti]] under [[Magadhan]] {{Wiki|rule}} | ||
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| + | [[Avanti]] was a part of the {{Wiki|Magadha}} {{Wiki|empire}} during the {{Wiki|rule}} of the [[Shaishunaga]] and the [[Nanda]] dynasties. | ||
| − | + | During the {{Wiki|Mauryan}} {{Wiki|dynasty}} {{Wiki|rule}}, [[Avanti]] became the [[Avantirāṭṭha]] or the {{Wiki|western}} province of the [[empire]], with its {{Wiki|capital}} at [[Ujjayini]]. | |
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| − | + | The [[Junagarh Rock]] inscription of {{Wiki|Rudradaman}} I (150 CE) mentions [[Pushyagupta]] as the governor of the {{Wiki|western}} province during the reign of [[Chandragupta]] {{Wiki|Maurya}}. | |
| − | + | During the reign of the next [[ruler]] {{Wiki|Bindusara}}, {{Wiki|prince}} [[Ashoka]] was the provincial governor. | |
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| − | + | After the fall of the {{Wiki|Mauryas}}, at the [[time]] of [[Pusyamitra Sunga]], his son [[Agnimitra]] was the [[Magadhan]] {{Wiki|viceroy}} at [[Vidisha]], but he ruled {{Wiki|independent}} of [[Magadha]] for all {{Wiki|practical}} purposes. | |
</poem> | </poem> | ||
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[[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | [[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | ||
[[Category:Buddha Shakyamuni]] | [[Category:Buddha Shakyamuni]] | ||
| + | [[Category:India]] | ||
| + | {{SanskritTerminology}} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:22, 17 April 2024
Avanti
阿槃提国 (Skt, Pali; Jpn Ahandai-koku)
An ancient kingdom of west-central India.
In Shakyamuni Buddha's time, Avanti was one of the sixteen great states, and Ujjayiniwas its capital.
From the time of King Pradyota in the sixth century B.C.E., Avanti prospered as a powerful kingdom and rival to the kingdom of Magadha.
King Pradyota was a contemporary of Bimbisara, the king of Magadha, and his son Ajatashatru. Mahakatyayana, one of Shakyamuni Buddha's ten major disciples, was a native of Avanti.
According to one account, Utpalavarna, a nun in Shakyamuni's Order, was also a native of Avanti.
Avanti (Sanskrit: अवन्ति) was an ancient Indian janapada (realm), roughly corresponded to the present day Malwa region.
According to the Buddhist text, the Anguttara Nikaya, Avanti was one of the solasa mahajanapadas (sixteen great realms) of the 6th century BCE.
The janapada was divided into two parts by the Vindhyas, the northern part had its capital at Ujjayini and the southern part had its centre at Mahishmati.
The Avantis, the ancient people belonging to this realm were described as mahavala (very powerful) in the Udyoga Parva (19.24) of the Mahabharata.
According to the Vishnu Purana (II.3), the Bhagavata Purana (XII.I.36) and the Brahma Purana (XIX.17), the Avantis were associated with the Malavas, the Saurashtras, the Abhiras, the Suras, the Karushas and the Arbudas and were described as dwelling along the Pariyatra (or Paripatra) mountains (a western branch of the Vindhyas).
- The Haihayas of Mahishmati
According to the Puranic accounts, the Haihayas were the earliest rulers of Avanti, who captured the region from the Nagas.
Initially, they ruled from Mahishmati.
Later the whole janapada was divided into two parts with the capitals at Mahishmati and Ujjayini.
The Haihayas were a confederation of five clans, the Vitihotras, the Bhojas, the Avantis, the Tundikeras and the Sharyatas.
Later, the Haihayas were better known by their dominant clan - the Vitihotras.
Ripunjaya, the last Vitihotra ruler of Ujjayini was overthrown by his amatya (minister) Pulika, who placed his son, Pradyota on the throne.
The Mahagovindasuttanta of the Dighanikaya mentions about an Avanti king Vessabhu (Vishvabhu) and his capital Mahissati (Mahishmati).
Probably he was a Vitihotra ruler.
Pradyota was contemporary to Gautama Buddha.
He was also known as Chandapradyota Mahasena. Pradyota captured the Vatsa king Udayana but later he married Pradyota’s daughter Vasavadatta.
The Mahavagga described him as cruel and according to the Majjhima Nikaya, Ajatashatru, the king of Magadha fortified Rajagriha to protect it from an invasion led by Pradyota.
He also waged war on Pushkarasarin, king of Takshashila Pradyota’s chief queen Gopalamata (mother of prince
Gopala) was a disciple of Buddhist monk Mahakatyayana and constructed a stupa in Ujjayini.
Prodyota had two sons, Gopala and Palaka.
He was succeeded by Palaka.
According to Jaina accounts Palaka ascended to the throne on the day of passing away of Mahavira.
According to the Kathasaritsagara and the Avashyaka Kathanaka, the kingdom of Vatsa was already a part of Avanti during the reign of Palaka and a prince of the royal family was the governor of Kaushambi.
In the Mricchakatika, Palaka was described as a tyrant who was overthrown by a popular revolt.
This revolt placed Aryaka on the throne of Ujjayini.
The Puranas place Nadivardhana or Vartivardhana after Aryaka.
But these names are probably corruptions of Avantivardhana, the name of the son of Palaka according to the Kathasaritsagara or the son of Gopala according to the Nepali Brihatkatha.
He was defeated by Shishunaga, the king of Magadha.
Avanti was a part of the Magadha empire during the rule of the Shaishunaga and the Nanda dynasties.
During the Mauryan dynasty rule, Avanti became the Avantirāṭṭha or the western province of the empire, with its capital at Ujjayini.
The Junagarh Rock inscription of Rudradaman I (150 CE) mentions Pushyagupta as the governor of the western province during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya.
During the reign of the next ruler Bindusara, prince Ashoka was the provincial governor.
After the fall of the Mauryas, at the time of Pusyamitra Sunga, his son Agnimitra was the Magadhan viceroy at Vidisha, but he ruled independent of Magadha for all practical purposes.
