Difference between revisions of "Shikoku Pilgrimage"
(3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:Zentsu-ji_in_Zentsu-ji_City_Kagawa_pref46n4350.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Zentsu-ji_in_Zentsu-ji_City_Kagawa_pref46n4350.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | Attesting to the popularity of the Shikoku pilgrimage, from the eighteenth century a number of smaller imitative versions have been established. These include a 150km circuit on the island of Shōdoshima, northeast of Takamatsu; a 3km course on the grounds of Ninna-ji in Kyoto; a route on the Chita Peninsula near Nagoya; and circuits in Edo and Chiba Prefecture. | + | The [[Shikoku Pilgrimage]] ([[四国遍路]] [[Shikoku Henro]]?) or [[Shikoku Junrei]] ([[四国巡礼]]?) is a multi-site [[pilgrimage]] of 88 [[temples]] associated with the [[Buddhist monk]] [[Kūkai]] ([[Kōbō Daishi]]) on the [[island]] of {{Wiki|Shikoku}}, [[Japan]]. |
+ | |||
+ | A popular and {{Wiki|distinctive}} feature of the island's {{Wiki|cultural}} landscape, and with a long history, large numbers of [[pilgrims]] (known as [[henro]] ([[遍路]]?)) still undertake the journey for a variety of [[ascetic]], pious, and tourism-related purposes. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In addition to the 88 "official" [[temples]] of the [[pilgrimage]], there are over 200 [[bangai]] — [[temples]] not considered part of the official 88. | ||
+ | |||
+ | To complete the [[pilgrimage]], it is not necessary to visit the [[temples]] in order; in some cases it is even considered [[lucky]][citation needed] to travel in reverse order. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[pilgrimage]] is [[traditionally]] completed on foot, but {{Wiki|modern}} [[pilgrims]] use cars, taxis, buses, bicycles, or motorcycles. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The walking course is approximately 1,200 km long and can take anywhere from 30 to 60 days to complete. | ||
+ | |||
+ | "[[Henro]]" ([[遍路]]?) is the [[Japanese]] [[word]] for [[pilgrim]], and the inhabitants of {{Wiki|Shikoku}} call the [[pilgrims]] [[o-henro-san]] ([[お遍路さん]]?), the o ([[お]]?) being an honorific and the [[san]] ([[さん]]?) a title similar to "Mr." or "Mrs.". | ||
+ | |||
+ | They are often recognizable by their white clothing, sedge hats, and [[kongō-tsue]] or walking sticks. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Alms]] or [[osettai]] are frequently given. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Many [[pilgrims]] begin and complete the journey by visiting [[Mount Kōya]] in {{Wiki|Wakayama Prefecture}}, which was settled by [[Kūkai]] and remains the headquarters of the [[Shingon sect]] of [[Buddhism]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The 21 km walking trail up to [[Koya-san]] still [[exists]], but most [[pilgrims]] use the train. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Attesting to the [[popularity]] of the {{Wiki|Shikoku}} [[pilgrimage]], from the eighteenth century a number of smaller imitative versions have been established. These include a 150km circuit on the [[island]] of Shōdoshima, [[northeast]] of [[Takamatsu]]; a 3km course on the grounds of [[Ninna-ji]] in {{Wiki|Kyoto}}; a route on the [[Chita]] Peninsula near [[Nagoya]]; and circuits in [[Edo]] and [[Chiba Prefecture]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
==== Background ==== | ==== Background ==== | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | [[Pilgrimages]] have played an important part in [[Japanese]] [[religious practice]] since at least the [[Heian period]]. | |
− | ==== | + | |
+ | Typically centred upon [[holy mountains]], particular [[divinities]], or {{Wiki|charismatic}} {{Wiki|individuals}}, they are usually to [[Buddhist]] sites although those to the [[shrines]] of [[Kumano]] and [[Ise]] are notable exceptions. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[Kōbō Daishi]] ==== | ||
+ | |||
− | The legends and cult of Kōbō Daishi, such as the episode of Emon Saburō, were maintained and developed by the monks of Kōya-san who travelled to expound Shingon and were active, along with other hijiri, in Shikoku. In the Edo period, the policy of tochi kinbaku (土地緊縛?) restricted and regulated the movement of ordinary people. Pilgrims were required to obtain travel permits, follow the main paths, and pass through localities within a certain time limit, with the book of temple stamps or nōkyō-chō helping to provide proof of passage. | + | [[Kūkai]], born at [[Zentsū-ji]] ([[Temple]] 75) in 774, studied in [[China]], and upon his return was influential in the promotion of [[esoteric Buddhism]]. |
+ | |||
+ | He established the [[Shingon]] [[retreat]] of [[Kōya-san]], was an active writer, undertook a programme of public works, and during visits to the [[island]] of his [[birth]] is popularly said to have established or visited many of its [[temples]] and to have carved many of their images. He is posthumously known as [[Kōbō Daishi]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[Development]] ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | The {{Wiki|legends}} and {{Wiki|cult}} of [[Kōbō Daishi]], such as the episode of [[Emon Saburō]], were maintained and developed by the [[monks]] of [[Kōya-san]] who travelled to expound [[Shingon]] and were active, along with other [[hijiri]], in {{Wiki|Shikoku}}. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In the {{Wiki|Edo period}}, the policy of tochi kinbaku (土地緊縛?) restricted and regulated the {{Wiki|movement}} of [[ordinary people]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Pilgrims]] were required to obtain travel permits, follow the main [[paths]], and pass through localities within a certain time limit, with the [[book]] of [[temple]] stamps or nōkyō-chō helping to provide [[proof]] of passage. | ||
Line 21: | Line 58: | ||
==== Stages ==== | ==== Stages ==== | ||
− | Shikoku literally means four provinces, those of Awa, Tosa, Iyo, and Sanuki, reorganised during the Meiji period into the Prefectures of Tokushima, Kōchi, Ehime, and Kagawa. The pilgrim's journey through these four provinces is likened to a symbolic path to enlightenment, with temples 1-23 representing the idea of awakening (発心 hosshin?), 24-39 austerity and discipline (修行 shugyō?), 40-65 attaining enlightenment (菩提 bodai?), and 66-88 entering nirvana (涅槃 nehan?). | + | |
+ | {{Wiki|Shikoku}} literally means four provinces, those of [[Awa]], [[Tosa]], [[Iyo]], and [[Sanuki]], reorganised during the {{Wiki|Meiji period}} into the Prefectures of [[Tokushima]], [[Kōchi]], [[Ehime]], and [[Kagawa]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[pilgrim's]] journey through these four provinces is likened to a [[symbolic]] [[path to enlightenment]], with [[temples]] 1-23 representing the [[idea]] of [[awakening]] ([[発心]] [[hosshin]]?), 24-39 austerity and [[discipline]] ([[修行]] [[shugyō]]?), 40-65 [[attaining enlightenment]] ([[菩提]] [[bodai]]?), and 66-88 entering [[nirvana]] ([[涅槃]] [[nehan]]?). | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
==== Equipment ==== | ==== Equipment ==== | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | Upon arrival at each temple the henro washes before proceeding to the Hondō. After offering coins, incense, and the osame-fuda, the Heart Sutra (般若心経 Hannya Shingyō?) is chanted along with repetition of the Mantra of the main image (本尊 honzon?) and the Mantra of Light (光明真言 Kōmyō Shingon?). After kigan and ekō prayers, the henro proceeds to the Daishidō. Coins and a fuda are similarly offered, and again the Heart Sutra is chanted, along with repetition of the Gohōgō Mantra, namu-Daishi-henjō-kongō. | + | The [[pilgrim's]] [[traditional]] costume comprises a white shirt ([[白衣]] [[oizuru]]?), conical {{Wiki|Asian}} hat ([[すげ笠]] [[suge-kasa]]?), and [[kongō-zue]] ([[金剛杖]]?). |
− | + | ||
+ | This may be supplemented by a [[wagesa]] ([[輪袈裟]]?). | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[henro]] also carries a bag ([[ずだ袋]] [[zuda-bukuro]]?) containing [[name]] slips ([[納札]] [[osame-fuda]]?), [[prayer beads]] ([[数珠]] [[juzu]]?) (also known as [[nenju]] ([[念珠]]?)), a [[nōkyō-chō]] ([[納経帳]]?), [[incense]] sticks ([[線香]] [[senkō]]?), and coins used as [[offerings]] ([[お賽銭]] [[o-saisen]]?). | ||
+ | |||
+ | The more religiously-minded [[henro]] may also carry a [[book]] of [[sutras]] ([[経本]] [[kyōbon]]?) and [[go-eika]] ([[ご詠歌]]?) set with a [[bell]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[Rites]] ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Upon arrival at each [[temple]] the henro washes before proceeding to the [[Hondō]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | After [[offering]] coins, [[incense]], and the osame-fuda, the [[Heart Sutra]] ([[般若心経]] [[Hannya Shingyō]]?) is chanted along with repetition of the [[Mantra]] of the main image ([[本尊]] [[honzon]]?) and the [[Mantra of Light]] ([[光明真言]] [[Kōmyō Shingon]]?). | ||
+ | |||
+ | After [[kigan]] and [[ekō]] [[prayers]], the henro proceeds to the [[Daishidō]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Coins and a [[fuda]] are similarly [[offered]], and again the [[Heart Sutra]] is chanted, along with repetition of the [[Gohōgō Mantra]], [[namu-Daishi-henjō-kongō]]. | ||
− | Collectively, the 88 temples are known as Shikoku Hachijūhakkasho (四国八十八箇所?) or simply the Hachijūhakkasho (八十八箇所?). | + | |
+ | ==The 88 [[Temples]]== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Collectively, the 88 [[temples]] are known as {{Wiki|Shikoku}} [[Hachijūhakkasho]] ([[四国八十八箇所]]?) or simply the [[Hachijūhakkasho]] ([[八十八箇所]]?). | ||
{|class="wikitable sortable" | {|class="wikitable sortable" | ||
Line 36: | Line 96: | ||
! No. | ! No. | ||
− | ! Temple | + | ! [[Temple]] |
− | ! Honzon (main image) | + | ! [[Honzon]] (main image) |
! City/Town/Village | ! City/Town/Village | ||
Line 45: | Line 105: | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | 1 || [[Ryōzen-ji]] (Naruto)|Ryōzen-ji ([[霊山寺]]) || [[Shaka Nyorai]] || [[Naruto]], [[Tokushima]]|[[Naruto]] ||[[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Jikuwasan Ryozenji 01.JPG| | |
− | | 1 || Ryōzen-ji (Naruto)|Ryōzen-ji (霊山寺) || Shaka Nyorai || Naruto, Tokushima|Naruto ||Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Jikuwasan Ryozenji 01.JPG| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 2 || Gokuraku-ji (Naruto)|Gokuraku-ji (極楽寺) || Amida Nyorai || Naruto, Tokushima|Naruto ||Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Nishozan-gokurakuji-main.JPG| | + | | 2 || [[Gokuraku-ji]] (Naruto)|Gokuraku-ji ([[極楽寺]]) || [[Amida Nyorai]] || [[Naruto]], [[Tokushima]]|[[Naruto]] ||[[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Nishozan-gokurakuji-main.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 3 || Konsen-ji (Itano)|Konsen-ji (金泉寺) || Shaka Nyorai || Itano, Tokushima|Itano || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Konsenji 01.JPG| | + | | 3 || [[Konsen-ji]] (Itano)|Konsen-ji ([[金泉寺]]) || [[Shaka Nyorai]] || [[Itano]], [[Tokushima]]|[[Itano]] || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Konsenji 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 4 || Dainichi-ji (Itano)|Dainichi-ji (大日寺) || Dainichi Nyorai || Itano, Tokushima|Itano || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:P4022426ー4番大日寺夫婦遍路.jpg| | + | | 4 || [[Dainichi-ji]] (Itano)|Dainichi-ji (大日寺) || [[Dainichi Nyorai]] || [[Itano]], [[Tokushima]]|[[Itano]] || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:P4022426ー4番大日寺夫婦遍路.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 5 || Jizō-ji (Itano)|Jizō-ji (地蔵寺) || Enmei Jizō Bosatsu || Itano, Tokushima|Itano || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Mujinzan Jizoji 01.JPG| | + | | 5 || [[Jizō-ji]] (Itano)|Jizō-ji ([[地蔵寺]]) || [[Enmei Jizō Bosatsu]] || [[Itano]], [[Tokushima]]|[[Itano]] || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Mujinzan Jizoji 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 6 || Anraku-ji (Kamiita)|Anraku-ji (安楽寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Kamiita, Tokushima|Kamiita ||Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Onsenzan-anrakuji-tahouto.JPG| | + | | 6 || [[Anraku-ji]] (Kamiita)|Anraku-ji ([[安楽寺]]) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Kamiita, [[Tokushima]]|Kamiita ||[[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Onsenzan-anrakuji-tahouto.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 7 || Jūraku-ji (Awa)|Jūraku-ji (十楽寺) || Amida Nyorai || Awa, Tokushima|Awa || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:P4022616ー7番十楽寺本堂.jpg| | + | | 7 || [[Jūraku-ji]] (Awa)|Jūraku-ji ([[十楽寺]]) || [[Amida Nyorai]] || Awa, [[Tokushima]]|Awa || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:P4022616ー7番十楽寺本堂.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 8 || Kumadani-ji (Awa)|Kumadani-ji (熊谷寺) || Senjū Kannon || Awa, Tokushima|Awa || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:P4022665-8番 熊谷寺山門から本堂への石段.jpg| | + | | 8 || [[Kumadani-ji]] (Awa)|Kumadani-ji ([[熊谷寺]]) || Senjū [[Kannon]] || Awa, Tokushima|Awa || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:P4022665-8番 熊谷寺山門から本堂への石段.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 9 || Hōrin-ji (Awa)|Hōrin-ji (法輪寺) || Shaka Nyorai || Awa, Tokushima|Awa || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Shokakuzan Horinji 01.JPG| | + | | 9 || [[Hōrin-ji]] (Awa)|Hōrin-ji ([[法輪寺]]) || [[Shaka Nyorai]] || Awa, Tokushima|Awa || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Shokakuzan Horinji 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 10 || Kirihata-ji (Awa)|Kirihata-ji (切幡寺) || Senjū Kannon || Awa, Tokushima|Awa || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Kirihataji 03.JPG| | + | | 10 || [[Kirihata-ji]] (Awa)|Kirihata-ji ([[切幡寺]]) || Senjū [[Kannon]] || Awa, Tokushima|Awa || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Kirihataji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11 || Fujii-dera (Yoshinogawa)|Fujii-dera (藤井寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Yoshinogawa, Tokushima|Yoshinogawa || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Fujiizenji 02.JPG| | + | |11 || [[Fujii-dera]] (Yoshinogawa)|Fujii-dera ([[藤井寺]]) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Yoshinogawa, Tokushima|Yoshinogawa || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Fujiizenji 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12 || Shōsan-ji (Kamiyama)|Shōsan-ji (焼山寺) || Kokūzō Bosatsu || Kamiyama, Tokushima|Kamiyama || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Shozanji 02.JPG| | + | |12 || [[Shōsan-ji]] (Kamiyama)|Shōsan-ji ([[焼山寺]]) || [[Kokūzō Bosatsu]] || Kamiyama, Tokushima|Kamiyama || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Shozanji 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |13 || Dainichi-ji (Tokushima)|Dainichi-ji (大日寺) || Jūichimen Kannon || Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Ogurizan Dainichiji 03.JPG| | + | |13 || [[Dainichi-ji]] (Tokushima)|Dainichi-ji ([[大日寺]]) || [[Jūichimen Kannon]] || Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Ogurizan Dainichiji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14 || Jōraku-ji (Tokushima)|Jōraku-ji (常楽寺) || Miroku Bosatsu || Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Seijuzan Jorakuji 06.JPG| | + | |14 || Jōraku-ji (Tokushima)|Jōraku-ji (常楽寺) || [[Miroku Bosatsu]] || Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Seijuzan Jorakuji 06.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |15 || Awa Kokubun-ji (阿波国分寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Awa Kokubunji 12.JPG| | + | |15 || Awa [[Kokubun-ji]] (阿波国分寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Awa Kokubunji 12.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |16 || Kannon-ji (Tokushima)|Kannon-ji (観音寺) || Senjū Kannon || Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Kanonji, Tokushima 02.JPG| | + | |16 || Kannon-ji (Tokushima)|Kannon-ji (観音寺) || Senjū [[Kannon]] || Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Kanonji, Tokushima 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |17 || Ido-ji (井戸寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Idoji Hondo.jpg| | + | |17 || Ido-ji (井戸寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Idoji Hondo.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |18 || Onzan-ji (恩山寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Komatsushima, Tokushima|Komatsushima || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Onzanji 06.JPG| | + | |18 || Onzan-ji (恩山寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Komatsushima, Tokushima|Komatsushima || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Onzanji 06.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |19 || Tatsue-ji (立江寺) || Jizō Bosatsu || Komatsushima, Tokushima|Komatsushima || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Tatueji 03.JPG| | + | |19 || Tatsue-ji (立江寺) || [[Jizō Bosatsu]] || Komatsushima, Tokushima|Komatsushima || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Tatueji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |20 || Kakurin-ji (Katsura)|Kakurin-ji (鶴林寺) || Jizō Bosatsu || Katsura, Tokushima|Katsuura || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Ryojuzan Kakurinji 05.JPG| | + | |20 || Kakurin-ji (Katsura)|Kakurin-ji (鶴林寺) || [[Jizō Bosatsu]] || [[Katsura]], Tokushima|Katsuura || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Ryojuzan Kakurinji 05.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |21 || Tairyūji (Anan)|Tairyūji (太竜寺) || Kokūzō Bosatsu || Anan, Tokushima|Anan || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Tairyuji 05.JPG| | + | |21 || Tairyūji (Anan)|Tairyūji (太竜寺) || [[Kokūzō Bosatsu]] || [[Anan]], Tokushima|Anan || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Tairyuji 05.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |22 || Byōdō-ji (平等寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Anan, Tokushima|Anan || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Byodoji 03.JPG| | + | |22 || Byōdō-ji (平等寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || [[Anan]], Tokushima|Anan || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Byodoji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |23 || Yakuō-ji (薬王寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Minami, Tokushima|Minami || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Yakuoji 02.JPG| | + | |23 || Yakuō-ji (薬王寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Minami, Tokushima|Minami || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Yakuoji 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |24 || Hotsumisaki-ji (最御崎寺) || Kokūzō Bosatsu || Muroto, Kōchi|Muroto || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Hotsumisakiji 02.JPG| | + | |24 || Hotsumisaki-ji (最御崎寺) || [[Kokūzō Bosatsu]] || Muroto, Kōchi|Muroto || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Hotsumisakiji 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |25 || Shinshō-ji (津照寺) || Jizō Bosatsu || Muroto, Kōchi|Muroto || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Shinshoji 04.JPG| | + | |25 || Shinshō-ji (津照寺) || [[Jizō Bosatsu]] || Muroto, Kōchi|Muroto || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Shinshoji 04.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |26 || Kongōchō-ji (金剛頂寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Muroto, Kōchi|Muroto || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Kongochoji,龍頭山金剛頂寺 大師堂(室戸市)、26番札所 高知県室戸市元崎山 DSCF7169.JPG| | + | |26 || Kongōchō-ji (金剛頂寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Muroto, Kōchi|Muroto || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Kongochoji,龍頭山金剛頂寺 大師堂(室戸市)、26番札所 高知県室戸市元崎山 DSCF7169.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |27 || Kōnomine-ji (神峰寺) || Jūichimen Kannon || Yasuda, Kōchi|Yasuda || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Kounomineji 05.JPG| | + | |27 || Kōnomine-ji (神峰寺) || [[Jūichimen Kannon]] || Yasuda, Kōchi|Yasuda || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Kounomineji 05.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |28 || Dainichi-ji (Kōnan)|Dainichi-ji (大日寺) || Dainichi Nyorai || Kōnan, Kochi|Kōnan || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Houkaisan Dainichiji 05.JPG| | + | |28 || Dainichi-ji (Kōnan)|Dainichi-ji (大日寺) || [[Dainichi Nyorai]] || Kōnan, Kochi|Kōnan || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Houkaisan Dainichiji 05.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |29 || Tosa Kokubun-ji (土佐国分寺) || Senjū Kannon || Nankoku, Kochi|Nankoku || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Tosa Kokubunji 04.JPG| | + | |29 || [[Tosa]] [[Kokubun-ji]] (土佐国分寺) || Senjū [[Kannon]] || Nankoku, Kochi|Nankoku || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Tosa Kokubunji 04.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |30 || Zenrakuji (善楽寺) || Amida Nyorai || Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Zenrakuji01s3872.jpg| | + | |30 || Zenrakuji (善楽寺) || [[Amida Nyorai]] || Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Zenrakuji01s3872.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |31 || Chikurin-ji (Kōchi)|Chikurin-ji (竹林寺) || Monju Bosatsu || Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Chikurinji Kochi31s3872.jpg| | + | |31 || [[Chikurin-ji]] (Kōchi)|Chikurin-ji (竹林寺) || [[Monju Bosatsu]] || Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Chikurinji Kochi31s3872.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |32 || Zenjibu-ji (禅師峰寺) || Jūichimen Kannon || Nankoku, Kochi|Nankoku || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Zenjibuji 05.JPG| | + | |32 || Zenjibu-ji (禅師峰寺) || [[Jūichimen Kannon]] || Nankoku, Kochi|Nankoku || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Zenjibuji 05.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |33 || Sekkei-ji (雪蹊寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Sekkeiji 02.JPG| | + | |33 || Sekkei-ji (雪蹊寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Sekkeiji 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |34 || Tanema-ji (種間寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Haruno, Kochi|Haruno || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Tanemaji 03.JPG| | + | |34 || Tanema-ji (種間寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Haruno, Kochi|Haruno || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Tanemaji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |35 || Kiyotaki-ji (清滝寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Tosa, Kochi (city)|Tosa || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Iozan Kiyotakiji 05.JPG| | + | |35 || Kiyotaki-ji (清滝寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || [[Tosa]], [[Kochi]] (city)|Tosa || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Iozan Kiyotakiji 05.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |36 || Shōryū-ji (青竜寺) || Fudō Myōō || Tosa, Kochi (city)|Tosa || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Shoryuji 03.JPG| | + | |36 || Shōryū-ji ([[青竜寺]]) || [[Fudō Myōō]] || [[Tosa]], [[Kochi]] (city)|Tosa || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Shoryuji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |37 || Iwamoto-ji (岩本寺) || Five Dhyani Buddhas|Five Buddhas || Shimanto, Kochi|Shimanto || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Iwamotoji 02.JPG| | + | |37 || Iwamoto-ji (岩本寺) || Five [[Dhyani]] Buddhas|Five [[Buddhas]] || Shimanto, Kochi|Shimanto || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Iwamotoji 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |38 || Kongōfuku-ji (金剛福寺) || Senjū Kannon || Tosashimizu, Kochi|Tosashimizu || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Kongofukuji 05.JPG| | + | |38 || Kongōfuku-ji (金剛福寺) || Senjū [[Kannon]] || Tosashimizu, Kochi|Tosashimizu || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Kongofukuji 05.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |39 || Enkō-ji (延光寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Sukumo, Kochi|Sukumo || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Enkouji 01.JPG| | + | |39 || Enkō-ji (延光寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Sukumo, Kochi|Sukumo || Kōchi Prefecture || Image:Enkouji 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |40 || Kanjizai-ji (観自在寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Ainan, Ehime|Ainan || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Kanjizaiji 07.JPG| | + | |40 || [[Kanjizai-ji]] ([[観自在寺]]) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Ainan, Ehime|Ainan || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Kanjizaiji 07.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |41 || Ryūkō-ji (Uwajima)|Ryūkōji (竜光寺) || Jūichimen Kannon || Uwajima, Ehime|Uwajima || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Inarizan Ryukoji 04.JPG| | + | |41 || Ryūkō-ji (Uwajima)|Ryūkōji (竜光寺) || [[Jūichimen Kannon]] || Uwajima, Ehime|Uwajima || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Inarizan Ryukoji 04.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |42 || Butsumoku-ji (佛木寺) || Dainichi Nyorai || Uwajima, Ehime|Uwajima || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Butsumokuji 03.JPG| | + | |42 || Butsumoku-ji (佛木寺) || [[Dainichi Nyorai]] || Uwajima, Ehime|Uwajima || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Butsumokuji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |43 || Meiseki-ji (明石寺) || Senjū Kannon || Seiyo, Ehime|Seiyo || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Meisekiji 01.JPG| | + | |43 || Meiseki-ji (明石寺) || Senjū [[Kannon]] || Seiyo, Ehime|Seiyo || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Meisekiji 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |44 || Daihō-ji (大宝寺) || Jūichimen Kannon || Kumakōgen, Ehime|Kumakōgen || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Sugozan Daihoji 03.JPG| | + | |44 || Daihō-ji (大宝寺) || [[Jūichimen Kannon]] || Kumakōgen, Ehime|Kumakōgen || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Sugozan Daihoji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |45 || Iwaya-ji (岩屋寺) || Fudō Myōō || Kumakōgen, Ehime|Kumakōgen || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Iwayadera temple.jpg| | + | |45 || Iwaya-ji (岩屋寺) || [[Fudō Myōō]] || Kumakōgen, Ehime|Kumakōgen || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Iwayadera temple.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |46 || Jōruri-ji (浄瑠璃寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Iozan Joruriji 03.JPG| | + | |46 || Jōruri-ji (浄瑠璃寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || [[Matsuyama]], Ehime|Matsuyama || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Iozan Joruriji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |47 || Yasaka-ji (八坂寺) || Amida Nyorai || Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Yasakaji 03.JPG| | + | |47 || Yasaka-ji (八坂寺) || [[Amida Nyorai]] || [[Matsuyama]], Ehime|Matsuyama || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Yasakaji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |48 || Sairin-ji (西林寺) || Jūichimen Kannon || Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Seiryuzan Sairinji 01.JPG| | + | |48 || Sairin-ji (西林寺) || [[Jūichimen Kannon]] || [[Matsuyama]], Ehime|Matsuyama || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Seiryuzan Sairinji 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |49 || Jōdo-ji (Matsuyama)|Jōdo-ji (浄土寺) || Shaka Nyorai || Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Jodoji-matsuyama 01.JPG| | + | |49 || [[Jōdo-ji]] (Matsuyama)|Jōdo-ji ([[浄土寺]]) || [[Shaka Nyorai]] || [[Matsuyama]], Ehime|Matsuyama || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Jodoji-matsuyama 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |50 || Hanta-ji (繁多寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama || Ehime Prefecture || Image:50番繁多寺本堂P1010126.jpg| | + | |50 || Hanta-ji (繁多寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || [[Matsuyama]], Ehime|Matsuyama || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:50番繁多寺本堂P1010126.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |51 || Ishite-ji (石手寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Ishiteji 05.JPG| | + | |51 || [[Ishite-ji]] (石手寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || [[Matsuyama]], Ehime|Matsuyama || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Ishiteji 05.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |52 || Taisan-ji (Matsuyama)|Taisan-ji (太山寺) || Jūichimen Kannon || Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Ryuunzan Taisanji 06.JPG| | + | |52 || Taisan-ji (Matsuyama)|Taisan-ji (太山寺) || [[Jūichimen Kannon]] || [[Matsuyama]], Ehime|Matsuyama || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Ryuunzan Taisanji 06.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |53 || Enmyō-ji (Matsuyama)|Enmyō-ji (円明寺) || Amida Nyorai || Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Enmyoji 02.JPG| | + | |53 || [[Enmyō-ji]] (Matsuyama)|Enmyō-ji (円明寺) || [[Amida Nyorai]] || [[Matsuyama]], Ehime|Matsuyama || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Enmyoji 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |54 || Enmei-ji (延命寺) || Fudō Myōō || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Chikamizan Enmeiji 04.JPG| | + | |54 || Enmei-ji (延命寺) || [[Fudō Myōō]] || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Chikamizan Enmeiji 04.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |55 || Nankōbō (南光坊) || Daitsū-chishō Butsu || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Nankobo 01.JPG| | + | |55 || Nankōbō (南光坊) || Daitsū-chishō [[Butsu]] || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Nankobo 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |56 || Taisan-ji (Imabari)|Taisan-ji (泰山寺) || Jizō Bosatsu || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Taisanji 04.JPG| | + | |56 || Taisan-ji (Imabari)|Taisan-ji (泰山寺) || [[Jizō Bosatsu]] || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Taisanji 04.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |57 || Eifuku-ji (栄福寺) || Amida Nyorai || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Eifukuji 03.JPG| | + | |57 || Eifuku-ji (栄福寺) || [[Amida Nyorai]] || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Eifukuji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |58 || Senyū-ji (仙遊寺) || Senjū Kannon || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Senyuji 03.JPG| | + | |58 || Senyū-ji (仙遊寺) || Senjū [[Kannon]] || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Senyuji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |59 || Iyo Kokubun-ji (伊予国分寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Iyo Kokubunji 02.JPG| | + | |59 || [[Iyo]] [[Kokubun-ji]] (伊予国分寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Imabari, Ehime|Imabari || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Iyo Kokubunji 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |60 || Yokomine-ji (横峰寺) || Dainichi Nyorai || Saijō, Ehime|Saijō || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Yokomineji 06.jpg| | + | |60 || Yokomine-ji (横峰寺) || [[Dainichi Nyorai]] || [[Saijō]], Ehime|Saijō || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Yokomineji 06.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |61 || Kōon-ji (香園寺) || Dainichi Nyorai || Saijō, Ehime|Saijō || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Koonji 02.JPG| | + | |61 || Kōon-ji (香園寺) || [[Dainichi Nyorai]] || [[Saijō]], Ehime|Saijō || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Koonji 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |62 || Hōju-ji (宝寿寺) || Jūichimen Kannon || Saijō, Ehime|Saijō || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Hojuji 01.JPG| | + | |62 || Hōju-ji (宝寿寺) || [[Jūichimen Kannon]] || [[Saijō]], Ehime|Saijō || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Hojuji 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |63 || Kichijō-ji (吉祥寺) || Vaiśravaṇa|Bishamonten || Saijō, Ehime|Saijō || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Mikkyozan Kichijoji 02.JPG| | + | |63 || Kichijō-ji (吉祥寺) || Vaiśravaṇa|Bishamonten || [[Saijō]], Ehime|Saijō || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Mikkyozan Kichijoji 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |64 || Maegami-ji (前神寺) || Amida Nyorai || Saijō, Ehime|Saijō || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Maegamiji 03.JPG| | + | |64 || Maegami-ji (前神寺) || [[Amida Nyorai]] || [[Saijō]], Ehime|Saijō || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Maegamiji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |65 || Sankaku-ji (三角寺) || Jūichimen Kannon || Shikokuchūō, Ehime|Shikokuchūō || Ehime Prefecture || Image:Sankakuji 01.JPG| | + | |65 || Sankaku-ji (三角寺) || [[Jūichimen Kannon]] || Shikokuchūō, Ehime|Shikokuchūō || [[Ehime]] Prefecture || Image:Sankakuji 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |66 || Unpen-ji (雲辺寺) || Senjū Kannon || Miyoshi, Tokushima|Miyoshi || Tokushima Prefecture || Image:Unpenji 05.JPG| | + | |66 || Unpen-ji (雲辺寺) || Senjū [[Kannon]] || Miyoshi, Tokushima|Miyoshi || [[Tokushima Prefecture]] || Image:Unpenji 05.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |67 || Daikō-ji (大興寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Mitoyo, Kagawa|Mitoyo || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Daikoji 07.JPG| | + | |67 || Daikō-ji (大興寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Mitoyo, Kagawa|Mitoyo || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Daikoji 07.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |68 || Jinne-in (神恵院) || Amida Nyorai || Kan'onji, Kagawa|Kan'onji || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Jinnein 03.JPG| | + | |68 || Jinne-in (神恵院) || [[Amida Nyorai]] || Kan'onji, Kagawa|Kan'onji || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Jinnein 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |69 || Kannon-ji (観音寺) || Shō Kannon || Kan'onji, Kagawa|Kan'onji || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Shippozan Kanonji 08.JPG| | + | |69 || Kannon-ji (観音寺) || [[Shō]] [[Kannon]] || Kan'onji, Kagawa|Kan'onji || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Shippozan Kanonji 08.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |70 || Motoyama-ji (本山寺) || Batō Kannon || Mitoyo, Kagawa|Mitoyo || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:MotoyamaJi,Kagawa-01.jpg| | + | |70 || Motoyama-ji (本山寺) || [[Batō Kannon]] || Mitoyo, Kagawa|Mitoyo || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:MotoyamaJi,Kagawa-01.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |71 || Iyadani-ji (弥谷寺) || Senjū Kannon || Mitoyo, Kagawa|Mitoyo || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Iyadaniji-hondou02.jpg| | + | |71 || Iyadani-ji (弥谷寺) || Senjū [[Kannon]] || Mitoyo, Kagawa|Mitoyo || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Iyadaniji-hondou02.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |72 || Mandara-ji (曼荼羅寺) || Dainichi Nyorai || Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsūji || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Gahaishizan Mandaraji 03.JPG| | + | |72 || [[Mandara-ji]] (曼荼羅寺) || [[Dainichi Nyorai]] || Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsūji || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Gahaishizan Mandaraji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |73 || Shusshakaji (出釈迦寺) || Shaka Nyorai || Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsūji || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Shusshakaji 05.JPG| | + | |73 || Shusshakaji (出釈迦寺) || [[Shaka Nyorai]] || Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsūji || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Shusshakaji 05.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |74 || Kōyama-ji (甲山寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsūji || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Koyamaji 04.JPG| | + | |74 || Kōyama-ji (甲山寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsūji || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Koyamaji 04.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |75 || Zentsū-ji (善通寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsūji || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Zentsu-ji in Zentsu-ji City Kagawa pref23s5s4500.jpg| | + | |75 || [[Zentsū-ji]] (善通寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsūji || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Zentsu-ji in Zentsu-ji City [[Kagawa]] pref23s5s4500.jpg| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |76 || Konzō-ji (金倉寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsūji || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Konzoji 03.JPG| | + | |76 || Konzō-ji (金倉寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsūji || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Konzoji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |77 || Dōryū-ji (道隆寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Tadotsu, Kagawa|Tadotsu || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Doryuji 04.JPG| | + | |77 || Dōryū-ji (道隆寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || Tadotsu, Kagawa|Tadotsu || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Doryuji 04.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |78 || Gōshō-ji (Utazu)|Gōshō-ji (郷照寺) || Amida Nyorai || Utazu, Kagawa|Utazu || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Goshoji 04.JPG| | + | |78 || Gōshō-ji (Utazu)|Gōshō-ji (郷照寺) || [[Amida Nyorai]] || Utazu, Kagawa|Utazu || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Goshoji 04.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |79 || Tennō-ji (天皇寺) || Jūichimen Kannon || Sakaide, Kagawa|Sakaide || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Tennoji Koshoin 02.JPG| | + | |79 || Tennō-ji (天皇寺) || [[Jūichimen Kannon]] || Sakaide, Kagawa|Sakaide || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Tennoji Koshoin 02.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |80 || Sanuki Kokubun-ji (讃岐国分寺) || Kannon|Jūichimen & Senjū Kannon || Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Sanuki Kokubunji 05.JPG| | + | |80 || [[Sanuki Kokubun-ji]] (讃岐国分寺) || Kannon|Jūichimen & Senjū [[Kannon]] || Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Sanuki Kokubunji 05.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |81 || Shiromine-ji (白峯寺) || Senjū Kannon || Sakaide, Kagawa|Sakaide || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Shiromineji 09.JPG| | + | |81 || Shiromine-ji (白峯寺) || Senjū [[Kannon]] || Sakaide, Kagawa|Sakaide || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Shiromineji 09.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |82 || Negoro-ji (Takamatsu)|Negoro-ji (根香寺) || Senjū Kannon || Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Aominezan Negoroji 03.JPG| | + | |82 || Negoro-ji (Takamatsu)|Negoro-ji (根香寺) || Senjū [[Kannon]] || Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Aominezan Negoroji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |83 || Ichinomiya-ji (一宮寺) || Shō Kannon || Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Ichinomiyaji 03.JPG| | + | |83 || Ichinomiya-ji (一宮寺) || [[Shō]] [[Kannon]] || Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Ichinomiyaji 03.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |84 || Yashima-ji (屋島寺) || Kannon|Jūichimen & Senjū Kannon || Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Yashimaji 06.JPG| | + | |84 || Yashima-ji (屋島寺) || Kannon|Jūichimen & Senjū [[Kannon]] || Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Yashimaji 06.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |85 || Yakuri-ji (八栗寺) || Shō Kannon || Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Yakuriji 01.JPG| | + | |85 || Yakuri-ji (八栗寺) || [[Shō]] [[Kannon]] || Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Yakuriji 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |86 || Shido-ji (志度寺) || Jūichimen Kannon || Sanuki, Kagawa|Sanuki || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Shidoji 01.JPG| | + | |86 || Shido-ji (志度寺) || [[Jūichimen Kannon]] || [[Sanuki]], Kagawa|Sanuki || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Shidoji 01.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |87 || Nagao-ji (長尾寺) || Shō Kannon || Sanuki, Kagawa|Sanuki || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Nagaoji 04.JPG| | + | |87 || Nagao-ji (長尾寺) || [[Shō]] [[Kannon]] || [[Sanuki]], Kagawa|Sanuki || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Nagaoji 04.JPG| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |88 ||Ōkubo-ji (大窪寺) || Yakushi Nyorai || Sanuki, Kagawa|Sanuki || Kagawa Prefecture || Image:Okuboji 07.JPG| | + | |88 ||Ōkubo-ji (大窪寺) || [[Yakushi Nyorai]] || [[Sanuki]], Kagawa|Sanuki || [[Kagawa]] Prefecture || Image:Okuboji 07.JPG| |
|} | |} |
Latest revision as of 14:20, 9 February 2016
The Shikoku Pilgrimage (四国遍路 Shikoku Henro?) or Shikoku Junrei (四国巡礼?) is a multi-site pilgrimage of 88 temples associated with the Buddhist monk Kūkai (Kōbō Daishi) on the island of Shikoku, Japan.
A popular and distinctive feature of the island's cultural landscape, and with a long history, large numbers of pilgrims (known as henro (遍路?)) still undertake the journey for a variety of ascetic, pious, and tourism-related purposes.
In addition to the 88 "official" temples of the pilgrimage, there are over 200 bangai — temples not considered part of the official 88.
To complete the pilgrimage, it is not necessary to visit the temples in order; in some cases it is even considered lucky[citation needed] to travel in reverse order.
The pilgrimage is traditionally completed on foot, but modern pilgrims use cars, taxis, buses, bicycles, or motorcycles.
The walking course is approximately 1,200 km long and can take anywhere from 30 to 60 days to complete.
"Henro" (遍路?) is the Japanese word for pilgrim, and the inhabitants of Shikoku call the pilgrims o-henro-san (お遍路さん?), the o (お?) being an honorific and the san (さん?) a title similar to "Mr." or "Mrs.".
They are often recognizable by their white clothing, sedge hats, and kongō-tsue or walking sticks.
Alms or osettai are frequently given.
Many pilgrims begin and complete the journey by visiting Mount Kōya in Wakayama Prefecture, which was settled by Kūkai and remains the headquarters of the Shingon sect of Buddhism.
The 21 km walking trail up to Koya-san still exists, but most pilgrims use the train.
Attesting to the popularity of the Shikoku pilgrimage, from the eighteenth century a number of smaller imitative versions have been established. These include a 150km circuit on the island of Shōdoshima, northeast of Takamatsu; a 3km course on the grounds of Ninna-ji in Kyoto; a route on the Chita Peninsula near Nagoya; and circuits in Edo and Chiba Prefecture.
History
Background
Pilgrimages have played an important part in Japanese religious practice since at least the Heian period.
Typically centred upon holy mountains, particular divinities, or charismatic individuals, they are usually to Buddhist sites although those to the shrines of Kumano and Ise are notable exceptions.
Kōbō Daishi
Kūkai, born at Zentsū-ji (Temple 75) in 774, studied in China, and upon his return was influential in the promotion of esoteric Buddhism.
He established the Shingon retreat of Kōya-san, was an active writer, undertook a programme of public works, and during visits to the island of his birth is popularly said to have established or visited many of its temples and to have carved many of their images. He is posthumously known as Kōbō Daishi.
Development
The legends and cult of Kōbō Daishi, such as the episode of Emon Saburō, were maintained and developed by the monks of Kōya-san who travelled to expound Shingon and were active, along with other hijiri, in Shikoku.
In the Edo period, the policy of tochi kinbaku (土地緊縛?) restricted and regulated the movement of ordinary people.
Pilgrims were required to obtain travel permits, follow the main paths, and pass through localities within a certain time limit, with the book of temple stamps or nōkyō-chō helping to provide proof of passage.
Practice
Stages
Shikoku literally means four provinces, those of Awa, Tosa, Iyo, and Sanuki, reorganised during the Meiji period into the Prefectures of Tokushima, Kōchi, Ehime, and Kagawa.
The pilgrim's journey through these four provinces is likened to a symbolic path to enlightenment, with temples 1-23 representing the idea of awakening (発心 hosshin?), 24-39 austerity and discipline (修行 shugyō?), 40-65 attaining enlightenment (菩提 bodai?), and 66-88 entering nirvana (涅槃 nehan?).
Equipment
The pilgrim's traditional costume comprises a white shirt (白衣 oizuru?), conical Asian hat (すげ笠 suge-kasa?), and kongō-zue (金剛杖?).
This may be supplemented by a wagesa (輪袈裟?).
The henro also carries a bag (ずだ袋 zuda-bukuro?) containing name slips (納札 osame-fuda?), prayer beads (数珠 juzu?) (also known as nenju (念珠?)), a nōkyō-chō (納経帳?), incense sticks (線香 senkō?), and coins used as offerings (お賽銭 o-saisen?).
The more religiously-minded henro may also carry a book of sutras (経本 kyōbon?) and go-eika (ご詠歌?) set with a bell.
Rites
Upon arrival at each temple the henro washes before proceeding to the Hondō.
After offering coins, incense, and the osame-fuda, the Heart Sutra (般若心経 Hannya Shingyō?) is chanted along with repetition of the Mantra of the main image (本尊 honzon?) and the Mantra of Light (光明真言 Kōmyō Shingon?).
After kigan and ekō prayers, the henro proceeds to the Daishidō.
Coins and a fuda are similarly offered, and again the Heart Sutra is chanted, along with repetition of the Gohōgō Mantra, namu-Daishi-henjō-kongō.
The 88 Temples
Collectively, the 88 temples are known as Shikoku Hachijūhakkasho (四国八十八箇所?) or simply the Hachijūhakkasho (八十八箇所?).
No. | Temple | Honzon (main image) | City/Town/Village | Prefecture | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ryōzen-ji (Naruto)|Ryōzen-ji (霊山寺) | Shaka Nyorai | Naruto, Tokushima|Naruto | Tokushima Prefecture | |
2 | Gokuraku-ji (Naruto)|Gokuraku-ji (極楽寺) | Amida Nyorai | Naruto, Tokushima|Naruto | Tokushima Prefecture | |
3 | Konsen-ji (Itano)|Konsen-ji (金泉寺) | Shaka Nyorai | Itano, Tokushima|Itano | Tokushima Prefecture | |
4 | Dainichi-ji (Itano)|Dainichi-ji (大日寺) | Dainichi Nyorai | Itano, Tokushima|Itano | Tokushima Prefecture | |
5 | Jizō-ji (Itano)|Jizō-ji (地蔵寺) | Enmei Jizō Bosatsu | Itano, Tokushima|Itano | Tokushima Prefecture | |
6 | Anraku-ji (Kamiita)|Anraku-ji (安楽寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Kamiita, Tokushima|Kamiita | Tokushima Prefecture | |
7 | Jūraku-ji (Awa)|Jūraku-ji (十楽寺) | Amida Nyorai | Awa, Tokushima|Awa | Tokushima Prefecture | |
8 | Kumadani-ji (Awa)|Kumadani-ji (熊谷寺) | Senjū Kannon | Awa | Tokushima Prefecture | |
9 | Hōrin-ji (Awa)|Hōrin-ji (法輪寺) | Shaka Nyorai | Awa | Tokushima Prefecture | |
10 | Kirihata-ji (Awa)|Kirihata-ji (切幡寺) | Senjū Kannon | Awa | Tokushima Prefecture | |
11 | Fujii-dera (Yoshinogawa)|Fujii-dera (藤井寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Yoshinogawa | Tokushima Prefecture | |
12 | Shōsan-ji (Kamiyama)|Shōsan-ji (焼山寺) | Kokūzō Bosatsu | Kamiyama | Tokushima Prefecture | |
13 | Dainichi-ji (Tokushima)|Dainichi-ji (大日寺) | Jūichimen Kannon | Tokushima | Tokushima Prefecture | |
14 | Jōraku-ji (常楽寺) | Miroku Bosatsu | Tokushima | Tokushima Prefecture | |
15 | Awa Kokubun-ji (阿波国分寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Tokushima | Tokushima Prefecture | |
16 | Kannon-ji (観音寺) | Senjū Kannon | Tokushima | Tokushima Prefecture | |
17 | Ido-ji (井戸寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Tokushima | Tokushima Prefecture | |
18 | Onzan-ji (恩山寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Komatsushima | Tokushima Prefecture | |
19 | Tatsue-ji (立江寺) | Jizō Bosatsu | Komatsushima | Tokushima Prefecture | |
20 | Kakurin-ji (鶴林寺) | Jizō Bosatsu | Katsura, Tokushima|Katsuura | Tokushima Prefecture | |
21 | Tairyūji (太竜寺) | Kokūzō Bosatsu | Anan, Tokushima|Anan | Tokushima Prefecture | |
22 | Byōdō-ji (平等寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Anan, Tokushima|Anan | Tokushima Prefecture | |
23 | Yakuō-ji (薬王寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Minami | Tokushima Prefecture | |
24 | Hotsumisaki-ji (最御崎寺) | Kokūzō Bosatsu | Muroto | Kōchi Prefecture | |
25 | Shinshō-ji (津照寺) | Jizō Bosatsu | Muroto | Kōchi Prefecture | |
26 | Kongōchō-ji (金剛頂寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Muroto | Kōchi Prefecture | |
27 | Kōnomine-ji (神峰寺) | Jūichimen Kannon | Yasuda | Kōchi Prefecture | |
28 | Dainichi-ji (大日寺) | Dainichi Nyorai | Kōnan | Kōchi Prefecture | |
29 | Tosa Kokubun-ji (土佐国分寺) | Senjū Kannon | Nankoku | Kōchi Prefecture | |
30 | Zenrakuji (善楽寺) | Amida Nyorai | Kōchi | Kōchi Prefecture | |
31 | Chikurin-ji (Kōchi)|Chikurin-ji (竹林寺) | Monju Bosatsu | Kōchi | Kōchi Prefecture | |
32 | Zenjibu-ji (禅師峰寺) | Jūichimen Kannon | Nankoku | Kōchi Prefecture | |
33 | Sekkei-ji (雪蹊寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Kōchi | Kōchi Prefecture | |
34 | Tanema-ji (種間寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Haruno | Kōchi Prefecture | |
35 | Kiyotaki-ji (清滝寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Tosa, Kochi (city)|Tosa | Kōchi Prefecture | |
36 | Shōryū-ji (青竜寺) | Fudō Myōō | Tosa, Kochi (city)|Tosa | Kōchi Prefecture | |
37 | Iwamoto-ji (岩本寺) | Five Dhyani Buddhas|Five Buddhas | Shimanto | Kōchi Prefecture | |
38 | Kongōfuku-ji (金剛福寺) | Senjū Kannon | Tosashimizu | Kōchi Prefecture | |
39 | Enkō-ji (延光寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Sukumo | Kōchi Prefecture | |
40 | Kanjizai-ji (観自在寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Ainan | Ehime Prefecture | |
41 | Ryūkōji (竜光寺) | Jūichimen Kannon | Uwajima | Ehime Prefecture | |
42 | Butsumoku-ji (佛木寺) | Dainichi Nyorai | Uwajima | Ehime Prefecture | |
43 | Meiseki-ji (明石寺) | Senjū Kannon | Seiyo | Ehime Prefecture | |
44 | Daihō-ji (大宝寺) | Jūichimen Kannon | Kumakōgen | Ehime Prefecture | |
45 | Iwaya-ji (岩屋寺) | Fudō Myōō | Kumakōgen | Ehime Prefecture | |
46 | Jōruri-ji (浄瑠璃寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama | Ehime Prefecture | |
47 | Yasaka-ji (八坂寺) | Amida Nyorai | Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama | Ehime Prefecture | |
48 | Sairin-ji (西林寺) | Jūichimen Kannon | Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama | Ehime Prefecture | |
49 | Jōdo-ji (Matsuyama)|Jōdo-ji (浄土寺) | Shaka Nyorai | Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama | Ehime Prefecture | |
50 | Hanta-ji (繁多寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama | Ehime Prefecture | |
51 | Ishite-ji (石手寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama | Ehime Prefecture | |
52 | Taisan-ji (太山寺) | Jūichimen Kannon | Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama | Ehime Prefecture | |
53 | Enmyō-ji (Matsuyama)|Enmyō-ji (円明寺) | Amida Nyorai | Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama | Ehime Prefecture | |
54 | Enmei-ji (延命寺) | Fudō Myōō | Imabari | Ehime Prefecture | |
55 | Nankōbō (南光坊) | Daitsū-chishō Butsu | Imabari | Ehime Prefecture | |
56 | Taisan-ji (泰山寺) | Jizō Bosatsu | Imabari | Ehime Prefecture | |
57 | Eifuku-ji (栄福寺) | Amida Nyorai | Imabari | Ehime Prefecture | |
58 | Senyū-ji (仙遊寺) | Senjū Kannon | Imabari | Ehime Prefecture | |
59 | Iyo Kokubun-ji (伊予国分寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Imabari | Ehime Prefecture | |
60 | Yokomine-ji (横峰寺) | Dainichi Nyorai | Saijō, Ehime|Saijō | Ehime Prefecture | |
61 | Kōon-ji (香園寺) | Dainichi Nyorai | Saijō, Ehime|Saijō | Ehime Prefecture | |
62 | Hōju-ji (宝寿寺) | Jūichimen Kannon | Saijō, Ehime|Saijō | Ehime Prefecture | |
63 | Kichijō-ji (吉祥寺) | Bishamonten | Saijō, Ehime|Saijō | Ehime Prefecture | |
64 | Maegami-ji (前神寺) | Amida Nyorai | Saijō, Ehime|Saijō | Ehime Prefecture | |
65 | Sankaku-ji (三角寺) | Jūichimen Kannon | Shikokuchūō | Ehime Prefecture | |
66 | Unpen-ji (雲辺寺) | Senjū Kannon | Miyoshi | Tokushima Prefecture | |
67 | Daikō-ji (大興寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Mitoyo | Kagawa Prefecture | |
68 | Jinne-in (神恵院) | Amida Nyorai | Kan'onji | Kagawa Prefecture | |
69 | Kannon-ji (観音寺) | Shō Kannon | Kan'onji | Kagawa Prefecture | |
70 | Motoyama-ji (本山寺) | Batō Kannon | Mitoyo | Kagawa Prefecture | |
71 | Iyadani-ji (弥谷寺) | Senjū Kannon | Mitoyo | Kagawa Prefecture | |
72 | Mandara-ji (曼荼羅寺) | Dainichi Nyorai | Zentsūji | Kagawa Prefecture | |
73 | Shusshakaji (出釈迦寺) | Shaka Nyorai | Zentsūji | Kagawa Prefecture | |
74 | Kōyama-ji (甲山寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Zentsūji | Kagawa Prefecture | |
75 | Zentsū-ji (善通寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Zentsūji | Kagawa Prefecture | Image:Zentsu-ji in Zentsu-ji City Kagawa pref23s5s4500.jpg| |
76 | Konzō-ji (金倉寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Zentsūji | Kagawa Prefecture | |
77 | Dōryū-ji (道隆寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Tadotsu | Kagawa Prefecture | |
78 | Gōshō-ji (郷照寺) | Amida Nyorai | Utazu | Kagawa Prefecture | |
79 | Tennō-ji (天皇寺) | Jūichimen Kannon | Sakaide | Kagawa Prefecture | |
80 | Sanuki Kokubun-ji (讃岐国分寺) | Jūichimen & Senjū Kannon | Takamatsu | Kagawa Prefecture | |
81 | Shiromine-ji (白峯寺) | Senjū Kannon | Sakaide | Kagawa Prefecture | |
82 | Negoro-ji (根香寺) | Senjū Kannon | Takamatsu | Kagawa Prefecture | |
83 | Ichinomiya-ji (一宮寺) | Shō Kannon | Takamatsu | Kagawa Prefecture | |
84 | Yashima-ji (屋島寺) | Jūichimen & Senjū Kannon | Takamatsu | Kagawa Prefecture | |
85 | Yakuri-ji (八栗寺) | Shō Kannon | Takamatsu | Kagawa Prefecture | |
86 | Shido-ji (志度寺) | Jūichimen Kannon | Sanuki, Kagawa|Sanuki | Kagawa Prefecture | |
87 | Nagao-ji (長尾寺) | Shō Kannon | Sanuki, Kagawa|Sanuki | Kagawa Prefecture | |
88 | Ōkubo-ji (大窪寺) | Yakushi Nyorai | Sanuki, Kagawa|Sanuki | Kagawa Prefecture |