Difference between revisions of "Werma"
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| − | "Werma (ཝེར་མ་) is a Tibetan term for a kind of spirit and spirit principle. A werma is an enlightened form of drala. This term is used mostly in the context of the Shambhala terma teachings and practices that relate to those such as the Werma Sadhana....The Werma Sadhana is a sadhana meditation practice unique to the Shambhala lineage. It is based upon a Shambhala terma received by Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche at Casa Werma in Mexico in 1980......Prior to 2005, students in Shambhala received this sadhana practice at a Kalapa Assembly retreat. Begnning in 2005, students receive this practice by attending a Rigden abhisheka after attending Vajrayana Seminary or the equivalent and then by completing an amount of Primordial Rigden ngöndro.... | + | [[File:49007 n.jpg|thumb|250px|]] |
| + | "[[Werma]] ({{BigTibetan|[[ཝེར་མ་]]}}) is a [[Tibetan]] term for a kind of [[spirit]] and [[spirit]] [[principle]]. A [[werma]] is an [[enlightened]] [[form]] of [[drala]]. This term is used mostly in the context of the [[Shambhala]] [[terma]] teachings and practices that relate to those such as the [[Werma Sadhana]]....The [[Werma Sadhana]] is a [[sadhana]] [[meditation]] practice unique to the [[Shambhala lineage]]. It is based upon a [[Shambhala]] [[terma]] received by [[Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche]] at [[Casa Werma]] in {{Wiki|Mexico}} in 1980......Prior to 2005, students in [[Shambhala]] received this [[sadhana]] practice at a [[Kalapa]] Assembly [[retreat]]. Begnning in 2005, students receive this practice by attending a [[Rigden]] [[abhisheka]] after attending [[Vajrayana]] Seminary or the {{Wiki|equivalent}} and then by completing an amount of [[Primordial]] [[Rigden]] [[ngöndro]].... | ||
| − | (Jamgon Mipham Namgyal Gyatso).(1846-1912)..The Tibetan text: "The Lamp that Illuminates the Practice of the Miraculous Juthig of Existence" : interesting and clear descriptions of the DRALA and WERMA can be found in two passages from the monumental work on the Juthig divination. The first passage describes the 'Unicorn' Drala Seu Ruchig, one of the most important manifestations among Drala and | + | ([[Jamgon Mipham Namgyal Gyatso]]).(1846-1912)..The [[Tibetan]] text: "The [[Lamp]] that Illuminates the Practice of the Miraculous Juthig of [[Existence]]" : [[interesting]] and clear descriptions of the [[DRALA]] and [[WERMA]] can be found in two passages from the monumental work on the Juthig [[divination]]. The first passage describes the '[[Unicorn]]' [[Drala]] Seu Ruchig, one of the most important [[manifestations]] among [[Drala]] and [[Werma]] Also [[information]] on [[Lha]], [[Nyen]], and [[Lu]]." |
| − | WERMA......."From the inner essence of the egg a miraculous man was born with a lion's head and lynx's ears, a fierce face with an elephant's trunk, the mouth of a chusin, and tiger's fangs. His feet were swords and his wings sabres, and between the flaming horns (rwa dbal) on the great Khyung's head he had the diadem of the wish-fulfilling jewell as an ornament. He was called 'heroic' WERMA NYINYA and was the fount of four distince ritual traditions. | + | [[WERMA]]......."From the inner [[essence]] of the egg a miraculous man was born with a lion's {{Wiki|head}} and lynx's {{Wiki|ears}}, a fierce face with an elephant's trunk, the {{Wiki|mouth}} of a chusin, and tiger's fangs. His feet were swords and his wings sabres, and between the flaming horns ([[rwa]] dbal) on the great Khyung's {{Wiki|head}} he had the diadem of the wish-fulfilling jewell as an ornament. He was called 'heroic' [[WERMA]] NYINYA and was the fount of four distince [[ritual]] [[traditions]]. |
| − | In fact from the union of the Werma with the Lha were born the 'Werma of the Lha that Subjugate the Dud'.......from the union with the Nyen, the 'Werma of the Nyen that Subjugate Enemies'......from the union with the Khyung, the 'Werma of the Khyung that Subjugate the Lu'....from the unioon with the divine Lions (seng) the 'Three Werma Brothers that Subjugate Heroes'.....From these four divine manifestations, which in turn emanated armed hordes of nine hundred and ninety thousand various Werma, originated the four systems of ritual practice devoted to the class of the Werma that, as is written in the Zijid, "all arose from the Lha, descended from the Se and are similar to the Wal.....and appeared in order to subjugate all hostile entities causing obstacles and disturbances."(Drung, Deu and Bon, 1995) | + | In fact from the union of the [[Werma]] with the Lha were born the '[[Werma]] of the Lha that Subjugate the Dud'.......from the union with the [[Nyen]], the '[[Werma]] of the [[Nyen]] that Subjugate Enemies'......from the union with the [[Khyung]], the '[[Werma]] of the [[Khyung]] that Subjugate the Lu'....from the unioon with the [[divine]] [[Lions]] ([[seng]]) the 'Three [[Werma]] Brothers that Subjugate Heroes'.....From these four [[divine]] [[manifestations]], which in turn emanated armed hordes of nine hundred and ninety thousand various [[Werma]], originated the four systems of [[ritual]] practice devoted to the class of the [[Werma]] that, as is written in the Zijid, "all arose from the Lha, descended from the Se and are similar to the Wal.....and appeared in [[order]] to subjugate all {{Wiki|hostile}} entities causing {{Wiki|obstacles}} and disturbances."(Drung, Deu and [[Bon]], 1995) |
| − | WERMA THANGKA.......There is a thangka of the Warrior God .....Werma Nyi-nya..... in the Musec Guimet in Paris.....however this depiction does not have the elephant trunk.......horns of a garuda, lion's head, lynx ears, fearful face, crocodile mouth, tiger's teeth, feet and wings in the form of swords..... | + | [[WERMA THANGKA]].......There is a [[thangka]] of the [[Warrior]] [[God]] .....[[Werma Nyi-nya]]..... in the Musec Guimet in Paris.....however this depiction does not have the [[elephant]] trunk.......horns of a [[garuda]], lion's {{Wiki|head}}, lynx {{Wiki|ears}}, {{Wiki|fearful}} face, {{Wiki|crocodile}} {{Wiki|mouth}}, tiger's teeth, feet and wings in the [[form]] of swords..... |
| − | "Werma Nyinya: a worldly deity arising from the Bon 'Treasure Tradition' and specifically the Chang Sen Tagdu text unearthed by Terton Ponse Khyung Gotsal (12th century). | + | "[[Werma]] Nyinya: a [[worldly]] [[deity]] [[arising]] from the [[Bon]] '[[Treasure]] [[Tradition]]' and specifically the [[Chang]] Sen Tagdu text unearthed by [[Terton]] Ponse [[Khyung]] Gotsal (12th century). |
| − | Dynamic in appearance with one face and two hands, white in colour, he has the head of a lion - snarling and gaping. The right hand holds aloft a sword ready to strike and the left stretched to the side a trident on a long shaft. Wearing a flower and jewel crown the head is topped with a green bird. Adorned with a necklace, bracelets and anklets, a pink and green scarf is worn around the shoulders and the lower body is draped in a tiger skin skirt. Sharp blue wings extend from the back as he stands in a wrathful posture atop a raging tiger above two red figures, a sun disc and multi-coloured lotus seat. Six attendants in similar appearance stand at the right and left. (Textually there are 13 retinue figures) | + | Dynamic in [[appearance]] with one face and two hands, white in {{Wiki|colour}}, he has the {{Wiki|head}} of a [[lion]] - snarling and gaping. The right hand holds aloft a sword ready to strike and the left stretched to the side a [[trident]] on a long shaft. Wearing a [[flower]] and [[jewel]] {{Wiki|crown}} the {{Wiki|head}} is topped with a green {{Wiki|bird}}. Adorned with a [[necklace]], [[bracelets]] and anklets, a pink and green scarf is worn around the shoulders and the lower [[body]] is draped in a {{Wiki|tiger}} {{Wiki|skin}} skirt. Sharp blue wings extend from the back as he stands in a [[wrathful]] [[posture]] atop a [[raging]] {{Wiki|tiger}} above two red figures, a {{Wiki|sun}} disc and multi-coloured [[lotus]] seat. Six attendants in similar [[appearance]] stand at the right and left. (Textually there are 13 retinue figures). |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | At the top center is a [[garuda]] {{Wiki|bird}} along with the four [[animals]] of the [[directions]] at the four corners; [[snow lion]], [[dragon]], {{Wiki|tiger}} and white yak. At the top right and left are two seated figures, [[peaceful]] in [[appearance]], each with one face and two hands, white in {{Wiki|colour}}. At the lower left a [[standing]] man holds an arrow and on the right a {{Wiki|blacksmith}} hammers over an anvil. A {{Wiki|solitary}} {{Wiki|bird}} clutches a bat with the beak and a {{Wiki|monkey}} wields an axe. | |
| + | [[File:6267626.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| − | The | + | (Also...The Arrow and the Spindle, Studies in History, [[Myths]], [[Rituals]] and [[Beliefs]] in [[Tibet]] by [[Samten]] G [[Karmay]]. Manadala [[Book]] Point: 1998. Pages 256 & 257, The Ye and the Ngam). |
| − | Drung Deu and Bon: Narrations, Symbolic Languages and The Bon Tradition In Ancient Tibet... | + | The 360 [[Werma]] [[Deities]] dwell in Mt [[Kailas]]. |
| − | Chapter IV-The Bon of the Deities: The Protection Rites | + | |
| − | i. The importance of the deities of protection...Page 51 | + | [[Drung]] Deu and [[Bon]]: Narrations, [[Symbolic]] [[Languages]] and The [[Bon]] [[Tradition]] In {{Wiki|Ancient}} [[Tibet]]... |
| + | Chapter IV-The [[Bon]] of the [[Deities]]: The [[Protection]] [[Rites]] | ||
| + | i. The importance of the [[deities]] of protection...Page 51 | ||
ii. The powerful Thugkar deities...Page 51 | ii. The powerful Thugkar deities...Page 51 | ||
| − | iii. The heroic Drala and Werma hordes...Page 54 | + | iii. The heroic [[Drala]] and [[Werma]] hordes...Page 54 |
iv. The Changseng and the Shungon...Page 56 | iv. The Changseng and the Shungon...Page 56 | ||
| − | v. The Drala Seu Ruchig and the manifestations of the Werma...Page 56 | + | v. The [[Drala]] Seu Ruchig and the [[manifestations]] of the Werma...Page 56 |
| − | vi. The meaning of drala | + | vi. The meaning of [[drala]] |
| − | "The werma deities are extremely important because they are the special protectors who always accompany and protect the masters and practitioners. From an ancient ritual text called...The General Do of Existence.... | + | "The [[werma]] [[deities]] are extremely important because they are the special [[protectors]] who always accompany and {{Wiki|protect}} the [[masters]] and practitioners. From an {{Wiki|ancient}} [[ritual]] text called...The General Do of [[Existence]].... |
| − | To the masters the Werma are important. | + | To the [[masters]] the [[Werma]] are important. |
| − | The Werma whirl like snow-storms, | + | The [[Werma]] whirl like snow-storms, |
those they escort are the practitioners, | those they escort are the practitioners, | ||
those they assist are the practitioners, | those they assist are the practitioners, | ||
| − | those they protect are the practitioners. | + | those they {{Wiki|protect}} are the practitioners. |
| − | We proffer the well-prepared offerings | + | We proffer the well-prepared [[offerings]] |
| − | and confess errors if we have mingled with evil!" | + | and confess errors if we have mingled with [[evil]]!" |
| − | (Drung, Deu and Bon....1995..... page 55) | + | ([[Drung]], Deu and Bon....1995..... page 55) |
| + | [[File:4423es.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| + | "The [[Tibetans]] have very complicated linkages and overlappings among the [[protector]] [[gods]] of the [[person]], the [[protectors]] [[gods]] of [[lineages]] ({{Wiki|male}}, {{Wiki|female}}, maternal uncle) and the different [[masters]] of the place or territory." (Blondeau: 1996..pg ix)... | ||
| − | " | + | "It is difficult to relate to [[enlightened]] energies if they have no [[form]] or ground for personal communications. One should remember that the [[mind]] that [[perceives]] the [[deity]] and the [[deity]] itself are not separate."....(Sogyal: 1992...pg 285)... |
| − | " | + | [[WERMA]]...Published references to the [[Tibetan]] term [[Werma]]....."[[Werma]]: [[martial spirits]]...infuse the [[warrior]] with [[dignity]] and [[confidence]]." (Nalanda:Lopez:1997) "the 360 [[Werma]], a [[Zhang-zhung]] term" (Hoffman:1975). "There are four different classes of [[divine]] [[manifestations]]: [[Drala]], [[Werma]], Changseng, and Shungon." (Norbu:1995) "[[Werma]] defined as '[[furious]] ones'. (Ekvall:pg 78) "The 360 [[Werma]] [[deities]] who dwell on Mt [[Kailash]] in {{Wiki|western}} [[Tibet]]." (Powers:1995) "The origin of the powerful [[Werma]]. A clear description of [[drala]] and [[werma]]." ([[Norbu]] 1995: pps 54-56)...."God Werma...Fury Werma...Khyung Werma...Werma [[Hero]] Subduers"...(Snellgrove:1967...pg 63)...."the [[werma]] is an important class of [[Bon]] [[deities]]. The [[werma]] are the [[angry]], ferocious and [[fearless]] ones, the [[dgra lha]] of the arrows and lances. Two main groups of [[werma]], one of 180 and the other of 360 members." (Nebesky:1956..pg 334)...."[[Nyi Nya]] is the [[lord]] of the [[Werma]]" ([[Norbu]]: 1995..pg 245)....the [[Shang Shung]] term for [[king]] is WER RO ([[Tibetan]]: [[rgyal po]]) (Kvaerne: 1996)....[[senkhar]] ([[gsas mkhar]]): a small [[temple]] to attract the [[werma]] deities..."the [[Werma]], almighty and [[fearless]], are the '[[road gods]]' (lam lha) of many {{Wiki|warriors}}." (Nebesky: 1956..pg 334)... |
| − | + | [[ZHIDAG]]....."[[Tibetan]] [[Buddhists]] believe that there are countless types of [[beings]] other than [[humans]] and [[animals]]. Some are more powerful, [[happier]], and more {{Wiki|intelligent}} than [[humans]], and others less so. Usually if there is no common [[karma]] or [[karmic]] connection, [[beings]] of different types will not encounter each other. [[Spirits]] are not necessarily [[births]] of the {{Wiki|ancestors}} from a particular locality, but may have come from any kind of [[birth]] or [[realm]]." ([[Hidden Teachings]] of [[Tibet]]) | |
| − | + | FRAVASHIS......"A class of higher {{Wiki|intelligence}} that are {{Wiki|ancient}} {{Wiki|Persian}} guardian [[warrior]] [[spirits]]. The 19th day of every month is [[consecrated]] to them. [[King]] Phraortes' (647 BC) {{Wiki|Persian}} [[name]] is derived from the term."(Dhalla:1963..pg 235)..... "Hence Finite [[Time]] and Finite [[Space]] control man's [[destiny]] from the cradle to the grave. Yet the whole of the [[macrocosm]] is kept in [[being]] by the Fravashis ([[Dralas]] ??), the [[spiritual]] [[powers]] that are indissolubly linked with each [[human being]] and with [[humanity]] as a whole. Finite time-space, then, is not a kenoma, an [[empty]] [[nothingness]], but a pleroma, a 'full' and [[vital]] organism...."...(Zaehner..1961..pg 150)... | |
| − | + | "We are working with {{Wiki|iconography}} as a journey, rather than as entertainment or [[excitement]] or {{Wiki|cultural}} fascination. We are talking about personal [[experience]], how we actually see this [[world]]. There is a basic iconographic pattern in the [[universe]], like the [[existence]] of the seasons and the [[elements]], but how we react to that is individual.""....(Trungpa: [[Dharma]] Art.:1996...pg 94) | |
| − | " | + | " [[Mount Kailash]] is referred to as the "center of the [[universe]]" and is considered to be the resting place of [[Gods]]. {{Wiki|Tibet's}} [[Mount Kailash]] is a [[sacred]] place to four [[religions]]: [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]], [[Hinduism]], [[Bon]] Po (a native [[Tibetan]] [[religion]] prior to [[Buddhism]]), and {{Wiki|Ayyavazhi}} [[religions]]. According to [[Hindu]] [[tradition]], [[Kailash]] is the home of the [[deity]] [[Shiva]]. Some sects hold that [[Kailash]] is [[paradise]] and the final destination of all [[souls]] in the world.In [[Hindu]] [[religion]], [[Mount Kailash]] also plays an important role in Rama's journey in the {{Wiki|ancient}} [[Sanskrit]] epic, {{Wiki|Ramayana}}. [[Buddhists]] hold that [[Kailash]] is the home of [[Samvara]], a guardian [[deity]], and a [[representation]] of [[Buddha]]. [[Buddhists]] believe that [[Mount Kailash]] has [[supernatural powers]] that are able to clean the [[sins]] of a [[lifetime]] of any [[person]]. Followers of [[Jainism]] believe that [[Kailash]] is the site where the founder of [[Jainism]] reached [[enlightenment]]. [[Bon]] Po teaches that [[Kailash]] is the home of a [[wind]] goddess....(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_mountains) |
| − | + | "In [[Bon]], the pre-Buddhist [[religion]] of [[Tibet]], [[Kailash]] is a giant [[protector]] [[deity]] that holds the [[soul]] of the {{Wiki|nation}}, ensuring its {{Wiki|continuance}}. As the place where Shanrab, the [[mythical]] founder of [[Bon]] descended from [[heaven]], it was the centre of the {{Wiki|ancient}} [[Bon]] {{Wiki|empire}}, Zhang Zhung.Buddhist [[cosmology]] [[views]] [[Kailash]] as the [[manifestation]] of [[Mount Meru]], ‘[[navel]] of the [[world]]’, the exact centre of the [[universe]]. A powerful image is that of [[Kailash]] as ‘[[world]] pillar’ around which the entire created [[world]] revolves. ..Mount Of [[Myths]] by Swati Chopra | |
| − | |||
| − | "In Bon, the pre-Buddhist religion of Tibet, Kailash is a giant protector deity that holds the soul of the nation, ensuring its continuance. As the place where Shanrab, the mythical founder of Bon descended from heaven, it was the centre of the ancient Bon empire, Zhang Zhung.Buddhist cosmology views Kailash as the manifestation of Mount Meru, | ||
{{R}} | {{R}} | ||
[http://okarreview.blogspot.com.au/2012/10/werma.html okarreview.blogspot.com.au] | [http://okarreview.blogspot.com.au/2012/10/werma.html okarreview.blogspot.com.au] | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Deities]] | |
| − | [[Category: | ||
| − | |||
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhism]] | [[Category:Tibetan Buddhism]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Bön]] | ||
| + | {{TibetanTerminology}} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:01, 19 November 2013
"Werma (ཝེར་མ་) is a Tibetan term for a kind of spirit and spirit principle. A werma is an enlightened form of drala. This term is used mostly in the context of the Shambhala terma teachings and practices that relate to those such as the Werma Sadhana....The Werma Sadhana is a sadhana meditation practice unique to the Shambhala lineage. It is based upon a Shambhala terma received by Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche at Casa Werma in Mexico in 1980......Prior to 2005, students in Shambhala received this sadhana practice at a Kalapa Assembly retreat. Begnning in 2005, students receive this practice by attending a Rigden abhisheka after attending Vajrayana Seminary or the equivalent and then by completing an amount of Primordial Rigden ngöndro....
(Jamgon Mipham Namgyal Gyatso).(1846-1912)..The Tibetan text: "The Lamp that Illuminates the Practice of the Miraculous Juthig of Existence" : interesting and clear descriptions of the DRALA and WERMA can be found in two passages from the monumental work on the Juthig divination. The first passage describes the 'Unicorn' Drala Seu Ruchig, one of the most important manifestations among Drala and Werma Also information on Lha, Nyen, and Lu."
WERMA......."From the inner essence of the egg a miraculous man was born with a lion's head and lynx's ears, a fierce face with an elephant's trunk, the mouth of a chusin, and tiger's fangs. His feet were swords and his wings sabres, and between the flaming horns (rwa dbal) on the great Khyung's head he had the diadem of the wish-fulfilling jewell as an ornament. He was called 'heroic' WERMA NYINYA and was the fount of four distince ritual traditions. In fact from the union of the Werma with the Lha were born the 'Werma of the Lha that Subjugate the Dud'.......from the union with the Nyen, the 'Werma of the Nyen that Subjugate Enemies'......from the union with the Khyung, the 'Werma of the Khyung that Subjugate the Lu'....from the unioon with the divine Lions (seng) the 'Three Werma Brothers that Subjugate Heroes'.....From these four divine manifestations, which in turn emanated armed hordes of nine hundred and ninety thousand various Werma, originated the four systems of ritual practice devoted to the class of the Werma that, as is written in the Zijid, "all arose from the Lha, descended from the Se and are similar to the Wal.....and appeared in order to subjugate all hostile entities causing obstacles and disturbances."(Drung, Deu and Bon, 1995)
WERMA THANGKA.......There is a thangka of the Warrior God .....Werma Nyi-nya..... in the Musec Guimet in Paris.....however this depiction does not have the elephant trunk.......horns of a garuda, lion's head, lynx ears, fearful face, crocodile mouth, tiger's teeth, feet and wings in the form of swords.....
"Werma Nyinya: a worldly deity arising from the Bon 'Treasure Tradition' and specifically the Chang Sen Tagdu text unearthed by Terton Ponse Khyung Gotsal (12th century). Dynamic in appearance with one face and two hands, white in colour, he has the head of a lion - snarling and gaping. The right hand holds aloft a sword ready to strike and the left stretched to the side a trident on a long shaft. Wearing a flower and jewel crown the head is topped with a green bird. Adorned with a necklace, bracelets and anklets, a pink and green scarf is worn around the shoulders and the lower body is draped in a tiger skin skirt. Sharp blue wings extend from the back as he stands in a wrathful posture atop a raging tiger above two red figures, a sun disc and multi-coloured lotus seat. Six attendants in similar appearance stand at the right and left. (Textually there are 13 retinue figures).
At the top center is a garuda bird along with the four animals of the directions at the four corners; snow lion, dragon, tiger and white yak. At the top right and left are two seated figures, peaceful in appearance, each with one face and two hands, white in colour. At the lower left a standing man holds an arrow and on the right a blacksmith hammers over an anvil. A solitary bird clutches a bat with the beak and a monkey wields an axe.
(Also...The Arrow and the Spindle, Studies in History, Myths, Rituals and Beliefs in Tibet by Samten G Karmay. Manadala Book Point: 1998. Pages 256 & 257, The Ye and the Ngam).
The 360 Werma Deities dwell in Mt Kailas.
Drung Deu and Bon: Narrations, Symbolic Languages and The Bon Tradition In Ancient Tibet... Chapter IV-The Bon of the Deities: The Protection Rites i. The importance of the deities of protection...Page 51 ii. The powerful Thugkar deities...Page 51 iii. The heroic Drala and Werma hordes...Page 54 iv. The Changseng and the Shungon...Page 56 v. The Drala Seu Ruchig and the manifestations of the Werma...Page 56 vi. The meaning of drala
"The werma deities are extremely important because they are the special protectors who always accompany and protect the masters and practitioners. From an ancient ritual text called...The General Do of Existence....
To the masters the Werma are important. The Werma whirl like snow-storms, those they escort are the practitioners, those they assist are the practitioners, those they protect are the practitioners. We proffer the well-prepared offerings and confess errors if we have mingled with evil!" (Drung, Deu and Bon....1995..... page 55)
"The Tibetans have very complicated linkages and overlappings among the protector gods of the person, the protectors gods of lineages (male, female, maternal uncle) and the different masters of the place or territory." (Blondeau: 1996..pg ix)...
"It is difficult to relate to enlightened energies if they have no form or ground for personal communications. One should remember that the mind that perceives the deity and the deity itself are not separate."....(Sogyal: 1992...pg 285)...
WERMA...Published references to the Tibetan term Werma....."Werma: martial spirits...infuse the warrior with dignity and confidence." (Nalanda:Lopez:1997) "the 360 Werma, a Zhang-zhung term" (Hoffman:1975). "There are four different classes of divine manifestations: Drala, Werma, Changseng, and Shungon." (Norbu:1995) "Werma defined as 'furious ones'. (Ekvall:pg 78) "The 360 Werma deities who dwell on Mt Kailash in western Tibet." (Powers:1995) "The origin of the powerful Werma. A clear description of drala and werma." (Norbu 1995: pps 54-56)...."God Werma...Fury Werma...Khyung Werma...Werma Hero Subduers"...(Snellgrove:1967...pg 63)...."the werma is an important class of Bon deities. The werma are the angry, ferocious and fearless ones, the dgra lha of the arrows and lances. Two main groups of werma, one of 180 and the other of 360 members." (Nebesky:1956..pg 334)...."Nyi Nya is the lord of the Werma" (Norbu: 1995..pg 245)....the Shang Shung term for king is WER RO (Tibetan: rgyal po) (Kvaerne: 1996)....senkhar (gsas mkhar): a small temple to attract the werma deities..."the Werma, almighty and fearless, are the 'road gods' (lam lha) of many warriors." (Nebesky: 1956..pg 334)...
ZHIDAG....."Tibetan Buddhists believe that there are countless types of beings other than humans and animals. Some are more powerful, happier, and more intelligent than humans, and others less so. Usually if there is no common karma or karmic connection, beings of different types will not encounter each other. Spirits are not necessarily births of the ancestors from a particular locality, but may have come from any kind of birth or realm." (Hidden Teachings of Tibet)
FRAVASHIS......"A class of higher intelligence that are ancient Persian guardian warrior spirits. The 19th day of every month is consecrated to them. King Phraortes' (647 BC) Persian name is derived from the term."(Dhalla:1963..pg 235)..... "Hence Finite Time and Finite Space control man's destiny from the cradle to the grave. Yet the whole of the macrocosm is kept in being by the Fravashis (Dralas ??), the spiritual powers that are indissolubly linked with each human being and with humanity as a whole. Finite time-space, then, is not a kenoma, an empty nothingness, but a pleroma, a 'full' and vital organism...."...(Zaehner..1961..pg 150)...
"We are working with iconography as a journey, rather than as entertainment or excitement or cultural fascination. We are talking about personal experience, how we actually see this world. There is a basic iconographic pattern in the universe, like the existence of the seasons and the elements, but how we react to that is individual.""....(Trungpa: Dharma Art.:1996...pg 94)
" Mount Kailash is referred to as the "center of the universe" and is considered to be the resting place of Gods. Tibet's Mount Kailash is a sacred place to four religions: Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, Bon Po (a native Tibetan religion prior to Buddhism), and Ayyavazhi religions. According to Hindu tradition, Kailash is the home of the deity Shiva. Some sects hold that Kailash is paradise and the final destination of all souls in the world.In Hindu religion, Mount Kailash also plays an important role in Rama's journey in the ancient Sanskrit epic, Ramayana. Buddhists hold that Kailash is the home of Samvara, a guardian deity, and a representation of Buddha. Buddhists believe that Mount Kailash has supernatural powers that are able to clean the sins of a lifetime of any person. Followers of Jainism believe that Kailash is the site where the founder of Jainism reached enlightenment. Bon Po teaches that Kailash is the home of a wind goddess....(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_mountains)
"In Bon, the pre-Buddhist religion of Tibet, Kailash is a giant protector deity that holds the soul of the nation, ensuring its continuance. As the place where Shanrab, the mythical founder of Bon descended from heaven, it was the centre of the ancient Bon empire, Zhang Zhung.Buddhist cosmology views Kailash as the manifestation of Mount Meru, ‘navel of the world’, the exact centre of the universe. A powerful image is that of Kailash as ‘world pillar’ around which the entire created world revolves. ..Mount Of Myths by Swati Chopra
