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| + | #REDIRECT[[Pratigha]]{{SanskritTerminology}} |
| − | <poem>
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| − | '''[[Pratigha]]''' ([[Sanskrit]]; [[Pali]]: [[paṭigha]]; Tibetan Wylie: [[khong khro]]) is a [[Buddhist]] term that is translated as "[[anger]]". It is defined as a hostile attitude towards [[sentient beings]], towards frustration, and towards that which gives rise to one's frustrations; it functions as a basis for faultfinding, for negative actions, and for not finding a moment of peace or happiness.
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| − | [[Pratigha]] is identified as:
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| − | One of the six root unwholesome [[mental factors]] within the [[Mahayana]] [[Abhidharma]] [[tradition]]
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| − | One of the ten [[fetters]] in the [[Theravada]] [[tradition]] (according to the [[Dhammasangani]])
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| − | [[Theravada]]
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| − | [[Patigha]] ([[Pali]]) is defined by [[Theravada]] sources as: [[anger]], [[repulsion]], [[collision]]; [[animosity]]; [[irritation]]; [[indignation]].
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| − | [[File:Ajapati-03.jpg|thumb|250px|]]
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| − | Nyanatiloka Mahatheran provides the following definition:
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| − | In an {{Wiki|ethical}} sense, it means: '[[repugnance]]', [[grudge]], [[resentment]], [[anger]], and is a synonym of [[byāpāda]], 'ill-will' (s. [[nīvaraṇa]]) and [[dosa]], 'hate' (s. mūla). It is one of the proclivities (anusaya, q.v.).
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| − | '(Sense-) reaction'. Applied to five-sense cognition, p. occurs in the following contexts:
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| − | (a) as paṭigha-saññā, '[[perception]] of sense-reaction', said to be absent in the immaterial absorptions (s. [[jhāna]] 5). Alternative renderings: resistance-[[perception]], reflex-[[perception]];
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| − | (b) as paṭigha-samphassa, '([[mental]]) impression caused by 5 fold sensorial reaction' (D. 15); s. phassa;
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| − | (c) as Sappaṭigha-rūpa, 'reacting corporeality', and appaṭigha, 'not reacting', which is an [[Abhidhammic]] classification of corporeality, occurring in Dhs. 659, 1050. Sappaṭigha are called the physical [[sense-organs]] as reacting (or responding) to sense stimuli; and also the physical sense-objects as impinging (or making an impact) on the sense-organs. All other corporeality is appaṭigha, non-reacting and non-impinging. These 2 terms have been variously rendered as resistant and not, responding and not, with and without impact.
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| − | [[Mahayana]]
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| − | The [[Abhidharma-samuccaya]] states:
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| − | What is [[pratigha]]? It is ill-will with regard to living beings, with regard to [[suffering]] and with regard to things pertaining to [[suffering]]. Its function is to produce a basis for unhappy states and bad conduct.
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| − | [[Alexander Berzin]] states that [[pratigha]] is aimed at "[[another limited being]], [[one's own suffering]], or [[situations entailing suffering]]". This involves being impatient with the objects of the [[pratigha]] ([[anger]]), and wishing to get rid of them, for example, by striking out against them and harming them. It is based on regarding the object as unattractive or repulsive by its very nature.
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| − | [[Berzin]] identifies [[dvesha]] (aversion) as a subcategory of [[pratigha]] ([[anger]]) that is directed primarily, although not exclusively, at limited beings.
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| − | Alternate translations
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| − | [[Anger]] ({{Wiki|Herbert Guenther}}, [[Alexander Berzin]])
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| − | [[Repugnance]] (Walpola Rahula)
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| − | </poem>
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| − | {{W}}
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| − | [[Category:Kleshas]]
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