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| + | #REDIRECT[[Pratigha]]{{SanskritTerminology}} |
| − | <poem>
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| − | '''[[Pratigha]]''' ([[Sanskrit]]; [[Pali]]: [[paṭigha]]; [[Tibetan]] Wylie: [[khong khro]]) is a [[Buddhist]] term that is translated as "[[anger]]". It is defined as a hostile [[attitude]] towards [[sentient beings]], towards frustration, and towards that which gives rise to one's frustrations; it functions as a basis for faultfinding, for negative [[actions]], and for not finding a moment of [[peace]] or [[happiness]].
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| − | [[Pratigha]] is identified as:
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| − | One of the six [[root]] [[unwholesome]] [[mental factors]] within the [[Mahayana]] [[Abhidharma]] [[tradition]]
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| − | One of the ten [[fetters]] in the [[Theravada]] [[tradition]] (according to the [[Dhammasangani]])
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| − | [[Theravada]]
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| − | [[Patigha]] ([[Pali]]) is defined by [[Theravada]] sources as: [[anger]], [[repulsion]], [[collision]]; [[animosity]]; [[irritation]]; [[indignation]].
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| − | [[File:Ajapati-03.jpg|thumb|250px|]]
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| − | [[Nyanatiloka]] Mahatheran provides the following definition:
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| − | In an {{Wiki|ethical}} [[sense]], it means: '[[repugnance]]', [[grudge]], [[resentment]], [[anger]], and is a synonym of [[byāpāda]], '[[ill-will]]' (s. [[nīvaraṇa]]) and [[dosa]], '[[hate]]' (s. [[mūla]]). It is one of the proclivities ([[anusaya]], q.v.).
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| − | '([[Sense]]-) reaction'. Applied to five-sense [[cognition]], p. occurs in the following contexts:
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| − | (a) as paṭigha-saññā, '[[perception]] of sense-reaction', said to be absent in the immaterial absorptions (s. [[jhāna]] 5). Alternative renderings: resistance-[[perception]], reflex-[[perception]];
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| − | (b) as paṭigha-samphassa, '([[mental]]) [[impression]] [[caused]] by 5 fold sensorial reaction' (D. 15); s. [[phassa]];
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| − | (c) as Sappaṭigha-rūpa, 'reacting corporeality', and appaṭigha, 'not reacting', which is an [[Abhidhammic]] classification of corporeality, occurring in Dhs. 659, 1050. Sappaṭigha are called the [[physical]] [[sense-organs]] as reacting (or responding) to [[sense]] stimuli; and also the [[physical]] sense-objects as impinging (or making an impact) on the [[sense-organs]]. All other corporeality is appaṭigha, non-reacting and non-impinging. These 2 terms have been variously rendered as resistant and not, responding and not, with and without impact.
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| − | [[Mahayana]]
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| − | The [[Abhidharma-samuccaya]] states:
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| − | What is [[pratigha]]? It is [[ill-will]] with regard to [[living beings]], with regard to [[suffering]] and with regard to things pertaining to [[suffering]]. Its [[function]] is to produce a basis for [[unhappy]] states and bad conduct.
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| − | [[Alexander Berzin]] states that [[pratigha]] is aimed at "[[another limited being]], [[one's own suffering]], or [[situations entailing suffering]]". This involves [[being]] impatient with the [[objects]] of the [[pratigha]] ([[anger]]), and wishing to get rid of them, for example, by striking out against them and harming them. It is based on regarding [[the object]] as unattractive or repulsive by its very nature.
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| − | [[Berzin]] identifies [[dvesha]] ([[aversion]]) as a subcategory of [[pratigha]] ([[anger]]) that is directed primarily, although not exclusively, at limited [[beings]].
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| − | Alternate translations
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| − | [[Anger]] ({{Wiki|Herbert Guenther}}, [[Alexander Berzin]])
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| − | [[Repugnance]] ([[Walpola Rahula]])
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| − | </poem>
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| − | {{W}}
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| − | [[Category:Kleshas]]
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