Difference between revisions of "Bodhicittavivarana"
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[[File:Nagarjuna with 84 mahasiddha.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Nagarjuna with 84 mahasiddha.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| − | 1. Bowing to the glorious Vajrasattvas embodying the mind of enlightenment, I shall expound the development of the bodhicitta that abolishes [the three kinds of] existence [in samsara]. | + | 1. [[Bowing]] to the glorious [[Vajrasattvas]] [[embodying]] the [[mind]] of [[enlightenment]], I shall expound the [[development]] of the [[bodhicitta]] that abolishes [the three kinds of] [[existence]] [in [[samsara]]). |
| − | 2. The Buddhas maintain that bodhicitta is not enveloped in notions conscious of a self, skandhas, and so forth, [but] is always marked by being empty [of any such notions]. | + | 2. The [[Buddhas]] maintain that [[bodhicitta]] is not enveloped in notions [[conscious]] of a [[self]], [[skandhas]], and so forth, [but] is always marked by [[being]] [[empty]] [of any such notions]. |
| − | 3. [Those] with minds [only] tinged by compassion must develop [bodhicitta] with particular effort. This bodhicitta is constantly developed by the compassionate Buddhas. | + | 3. [Those] with [[minds]] [only] tinged by [[compassion]] must develop ([[bodhicitta]]) with particular [[effort]]. This [[bodhicitta]] is constantly developed by the [[compassionate]] [[Buddhas]]. |
| − | 4. When the self imagined by the tirthikas is analyzed logically, it obtains no place within the [five] skandhas. | + | 4. When the [[self]] [[imagined]] by the [[tirthikas]] is analyzed [[logically]], it obtains no place within the [five] [[skandhas]]. |
| − | 5. If it were [identical with] the skandhas [the self] would not be permanent, but the self has no such nature. And between things permanent and impermanent a container- content relationship is not [possible]. | + | 5. If it were ([[identical]] with] the [[skandhas]] [the [[self]]) would not be [[permanent]], but the [[self]] has no such [[nature]]. And between things [[permanent]] and [[impermanent]] a container- content relationship is not [possible]. |
| − | 6. When there is no so- called self how can the so- called creator be permanent? [Only] if there were a subject might one begin investigating its attributes in the world. | + | 6. When there is no so- called [[self]] how can the so- called [[creator]] be [[permanent]]? [Only] if there were a [[subject]] might one begin investigating its [[attributes]] in the [[world]]. |
| − | 7. Since a permanent [creator] cannot create things, whether gradually or all at once, there are no permanent things, whether external or internal. | + | 7. Since a [[permanent]] ([[creator]]) cannot create things, whether gradually or all at once, there are no [[permanent]] things, whether external or internal. |
| − | 8. Why [would] an efficacious [creator] be dependent? He would of course produce things all at once. A [creator] who depends on something else is neither eternal nor efficacious. | + | 8. Why [would] an efficacious ([[creator]]) be dependent? He would of course produce things all at once. A ([[creator]]) who depends on something else is neither [[eternal]] nor efficacious. |
| − | 9. If [he] were an entity he [would] not be permanent, for things are perpetually instantaneous (since [you] do not deny that impermanent things have a creator). | + | 9. If [he] were an [[entity]] he [would] not be [[permanent]], for things are perpetually instantaneous (since [you] do not deny that [[impermanent]] things have a [[creator]]). |
| − | 10. This [empirical] world, free from a self and the rest, is vanquished by the [Sravakas'] understanding of the skandhas, elements, sense- fields, and subject and object. | + | 10. This ([[empirical]]) [[world]], free from a [[self]] and the rest, is vanquished by the ([[Sravakas]]'] [[understanding]] of the [[skandhas]], [[elements]], [[sense]]- fields, and [[subject]] and [[object]]. |
| − | 11. Thus the benevolent [Buddhas] have spoken to the Sravakas of the five skandhas: form, feeling, apprehension, karma- formations and consciousness. | + | 11. Thus the {{Wiki|benevolent}} ([[Buddhas]]) have spoken to the [[Sravakas]] of the [[five skandhas]]: [[form]], [[feeling]], apprehension, [[karma]]- [[formations]] and [[consciousness]]. |
| − | 12- 13. But to the Bodhisattvas [the Buddha], the best among those who walk on two legs, has always taught this doctrine about the skandhas: "Form is like a mass of foam, feeling is like bubbles, apprehension is like a mirage, karma- formations are like the plantain, and consciousness is like an illusion." | + | 12- 13. But to the [[Bodhisattvas]] [the [[Buddha]]), the best among those who walk on two {{Wiki|legs}}, has always [[taught]] this [[doctrine]] about the [[skandhas]]: "[[Form]] is like a {{Wiki|mass}} of foam, [[feeling]] is like bubbles, apprehension is like a {{Wiki|mirage}}, [[karma]]- [[formations]] are like the plantain, and [[consciousness]] is like an [[illusion]]." |
[[File:Nagarjuna.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Nagarjuna.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| − | 14. The form skandha is declared to have the four great elements as its nature. The remaining [four skandhas] are inseparably established as immaterial. | + | 14. The [[form]] [[skandha]] is declared to have the four [[great elements]] as its [[nature]]. The remaining [four [[skandhas]]) are inseparably established as {{Wiki|immaterial}}. |
| − | 15. Among these eye, form, and so forth are classified as [the eighteen] elements. Again, as subject- object these are to be known as the [twelve] sense- fields. | + | 15. Among these [[eye]], [[form]], and so forth are classified as [the eighteen] [[elements]]. Again, as [[subject]]- [[object]] these are to be known as the [twelve] [[sense]]- fields. |
| − | 16. Form is not the atom, nor is it the [organ] of sense. It is absolutely not the active sense [of consciousness]. [Thus] an instigator and a creator are not suited to producing [form]. | + | 16. [[Form]] is not the {{Wiki|atom}}, nor is it the [{{Wiki|organ}}] of [[sense]]. It is absolutely not the active [[sense]] [of [[consciousness]]). [Thus] an instigator and a [[creator]] are not suited to producing ([[form]]). |
| − | 17. The form atom does not produce sense consciousness, [because] it passes beyond the senses. If [empirical forms are supposed to] be created by an assemblage [of atoms], this accumulation is unacceptable. | + | 17. The [[form]] {{Wiki|atom}} does not produce [[sense]] [[consciousness]], [because] it passes beyond the [[senses]]. If ([[empirical]] [[forms]] are supposed to] be created by an assemblage [of [[atoms]]), this [[accumulation]] is unacceptable. |
| − | 18. If you analyze by spatial division, even the atom is seen to possess parts. That which is analyzed into parts — how can it logically be an atom? | + | 18. If you analyze by spatial [[division]], even the {{Wiki|atom}} is seen to possess parts. That which is analyzed into parts — how can it [[logically]] be an {{Wiki|atom}}? |
| − | 19. Concerning one single external object divergent judgments may prevail. Precisely that form which is pleasant [to one person] may appear differently to others. | + | 19. Concerning one single external [[object]] divergent judgments may prevail. Precisely that [[form]] which is [[pleasant]] [to one [[person]]) may appear differently to others. |
| − | 20. Regarding the same female body, an ascetic, a lover and a wild dog entertain three different notions: "A corpse!" "A mistress!" "A tasty morsel!" | + | 20. Regarding the same {{Wiki|female}} [[body]], an [[ascetic]], a lover and a wild {{Wiki|dog}} entertain three different notions: "A corpse!" "A mistress!" "A tasty morsel!" |
| − | 21. Things are efficacious due to being like objects. Is it not like an offense while dreaming [i. e., nocturnal emission]? Once awakened from the dream the net result is the same. | + | 21. Things are efficacious due to [[being]] like [[objects]]. Is it not like an offense while [[dreaming]] [i. e., nocturnal emission]? Once [[awakened]] from the [[dream]] the net result is the same. |
| − | 22. As to the appearance of consciousness under the form of subject and object, [one must realize] that there exists no external object apart from consciousness. | + | 22. As to the [[appearance]] of [[consciousness]] under the [[form]] of [[subject]] and [[object]], [one must realize] that there [[exists]] no external [[object]] apart from [[consciousness]]. |
| − | 23. In no way at all is there an external thing in the mode of an entity. This particular appearance of consciousness appears under the aspect of form. | + | 23. In no way at all is there an external thing in the mode of an [[entity]]. This particular [[appearance]] of [[consciousness]] appears under the aspect of [[form]]. |
| − | 24. The deluded see illusions, mirages, cities of gandharvas, and so forth. Form manifests in the same way. | + | 24. The deluded see [[illusions]], mirages, cities of [[gandharvas]], and so forth. [[Form]] [[manifests]] in the same way. |
[[File:Nagarjuna1.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Nagarjuna1.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| − | 25. The purpose of the [Buddha's] teachings about the skandhas, elements, and so forth is [merely] to dispel the belief in a self. By establishing [themselves] in pure consciousness the greatly blessed [Bodhisattvas] abandon that as well. | + | 25. The {{Wiki|purpose}} of the ([[Buddha's]]) teachings about the [[skandhas]], [[elements]], and so forth is [merely] to dispel the [[belief]] in a [[self]]. By establishing [themselves] in [[pure consciousness]] the greatly blessed ([[Bodhisattvas]]) abandon that as well. |
| − | 26. According to Vijhanavada, this manifold [world] is established to be mere consciousness. What the nature of this consciousness might be we shall analyze now. | + | 26. According to Vijhanavada, this manifold ([[world]]) is established to be mere [[consciousness]]. What the [[nature]] of this [[consciousness]] might be we shall analyze now. |
| − | 27. The Muni's teaching that "The entire [world] is mere mind" is intended to remove the fears of the simple- minded. It is not a [teaching] concerning reality. | + | 27. The [[Muni's]] [[teaching]] that "The entire ([[world]]) is mere [[mind]]" is intended to remove the {{Wiki|fears}} of the simple- minded. It is not a ([[teaching]]) concerning [[reality]]. |
| − | 28. [The three natures] — the imagined, the dependent, and the absolute — have only one nature of their own: sunyata. They are the imaginations of mind. | + | 28. [The [[three natures]]) — the [[imagined]], the dependent, and the [[absolute]] — have only one [[nature]] of their [[own]]: [[sunyata]]. They are the [[imaginations]] of [[mind]]. |
| − | 29. To [Bodhisattvas] who rejoice in the Mahayana the Buddhas present in brief the selflessness and equality of [all] phenomena [and the teaching] that mind is originally unborn. | + | 29. To ([[Bodhisattvas]]) who rejoice in the [[Mahayana]] the [[Buddhas]] {{Wiki|present}} in brief the [[selflessness]] and equality of [all] [[phenomena]] [and the [[teaching]]) that [[mind]] is originally {{Wiki|unborn}}. |
| − | 30. The Yogacarins give predominance to mind in itself. [They] claim that mind purified by a transformation in position [becomes] the object of its own specific [knowledge]. | + | 30. The [[Yogacarins]] give predominance to [[mind]] in itself. [They] claim that [[mind]] [[purified]] by a [[transformation]] in position [becomes] the [[object]] of its [[own]] specific ([[knowledge]]). |
| − | 31. [But mind] that is past does not exist, [while] that which is future is nowhere discovered. [And] how can the present [mind] shift from place [to] place? | + | 31. [But [[mind]]) that is {{Wiki|past}} does not [[exist]], [while] that which is {{Wiki|future}} is nowhere discovered. [And] how can the {{Wiki|present}} ([[mind]]) shift from place [to] place? |
| − | 32. [The alayavijnana] does not appear the way it is. As it appears — it is not like that. Consciousness essentially lacks substance; it has no other basis [than insubstantiality]. | + | 32. [The [[alayavijnana]]) does not appear the way it is. As it appears — it is not like that. [[Consciousness]] [[essentially]] lacks [[substance]]; it has no other basis [than [[insubstantiality]]). |
| − | 33. When a lodestone is brought near, iron turns swiftly around; [though] it possesses no mind, [it] appears to possess mind. In just the same way, | + | 33. When a lodestone is brought near, {{Wiki|iron}} turns swiftly around; [though] it possesses [[no mind]], [it] appears to possess [[mind]]. In just the same way, |
| − | 34. The alayavijnana appears to be real though it is not. When it moves to and fro it [seems to] retain the [three] existences. | + | 34. The [[alayavijnana]] appears to be real though it is not. When it moves to and fro it [seems to] retain the [three] [[existences]]. |
| − | 35. Just as the ocean and trees move though they have no mind, the alayavijnana is active [only] in dependence on a body. | + | 35. Just as the ocean and [[trees]] move though they have [[no mind]], the [[alayavijnana]] is active [only] in [[dependence]] on a [[body]]. |
| − | 36. Considering that without a body there is no consciousness, you must also state what kind of specific knowledge of itself this [consciousness] possesses! | + | 36. Considering that without a [[body]] there is no [[consciousness]], you must also [[state]] what kind of specific [[knowledge]] of itself this ([[consciousness]]) possesses! |
[[File:Karmapa4.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Karmapa4.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| − | 37. By saying that a specific knowledge of itself [exists] one says it is an entity. But one also says that it is not possible to say, "This is it!" | + | 37. By saying that a specific [[knowledge]] of itself ([[exists]]) one says it is an [[entity]]. But one also says that it is not possible to say, "This is it!" |
| − | 38. To convince themselves as well as others, those who are intelligent [should] always proceed without error! | + | 38. To convince themselves as well as others, those who are {{Wiki|intelligent}} [should] always proceed without error! |
| − | 39. The knowable is known by a knower. Without the know- able no knowing [is possible]. So why not accept that subject and object do not exist [as such]? | + | 39. The knowable is known by a knower. Without the know- [[able]] no [[knowing]] [is possible]. So why not accept that [[subject]] and [[object]] do not [[exist]] [as such]? |
| − | 40. Mind is but a name. It is nothing apart from [its] name. Consciousness must be regarded as but a name. The name too has no own- being. | + | 40. [[Mind]] is but a [[name]]. It is [[nothing]] apart from [its] [[name]]. [[Consciousness]] must be regarded as but a [[name]]. The [[name]] too has no [[own]]- [[being]]. |
| − | 41. The Jinas have never found mind to exist, either internally, externally, or else between the two. Therefore mind has an illusory nature. | + | 41. The Jinas have never found [[mind]] to [[exist]], either internally, externally, or else between the two. Therefore [[mind]] has an [[illusory]] [[nature]]. |
| − | 42. Mind has no fixed forms such as various colors and shapes, subject and object, or male, female, and neuter. | + | 42. [[Mind]] has no fixed [[forms]] such as various colors and shapes, [[subject]] and [[object]], or {{Wiki|male}}, {{Wiki|female}}, and neuter. |
| − | 43. In brief: Buddhas do not see [what cannot] be seen. How could they see what has lack of own- being as its own- being? | + | 43. In brief: [[Buddhas]] do not see [what cannot] be seen. How could they see what has lack of [[own]]- [[being]] as its [[own]]- [[being]]? |
| − | 44. A 'thing' is a construct. Sunyata is absence of constructs. Where constructs have appeared, how can there be sunyata? | + | 44. A 'thing' is a construct. [[Sunyata]] is absence of constructs. Where constructs have appeared, how can there be [[sunyata]]? |
| − | 45. The Tathagatas do not regard mind under the form of know- able and knower. Where knower and knowable prevail there is no enlightenment. | + | 45. The [[Tathagatas]] do not regard [[mind]] under the [[form]] of know- [[able]] and knower. Where knower and knowable prevail there is no [[enlightenment]]. |
| − | 46. Space, bodhicitta, and enlightenment are without marks; without generation. They have no structure; they are beyond the path of words. Their 'mark' is non- duality. | + | 46. [[Space]], [[bodhicitta]], and [[enlightenment]] are without marks; without generation. They have no {{Wiki|structure}}; they are beyond the [[path]] of words. Their 'mark' is non- [[duality]]. |
| − | 47. The magnanimous Buddhas who reside in the heart of enlightenment and all the compassionate [Bodhisattvas] always know sunyata to be like space. | + | 47. The magnanimous [[Buddhas]] who reside in the [[heart]] of [[enlightenment]] and all the [[compassionate]] ([[Bodhisattvas]]) always know [[sunyata]] to be like [[space]]. |
| − | 48. Therefore [Bodhisattvas] perpetually develop this sunyata, which is the basis of all phenomena; calm, illusory, baseless; the destroyer of existence. | + | 48. Therefore ([[Bodhisattvas]]) perpetually develop this [[sunyata]], which is the [[basis of all]] [[phenomena]]; [[calm]], [[illusory]], baseless; the destroyer of [[existence]]. |
[[File:Karmapa1.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Karmapa1.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| − | 49. Sunyata expresses non- origination, voidness, and lack of self. Those who practice it should not practice what is cultivated by the inferior. | + | 49. [[Sunyata]] expresses non- origination, [[voidness]], and lack of [[self]]. Those who practice it should not practice what is cultivated by the {{Wiki|inferior}}. |
| − | 50. Notions about positive and negative have the mark of disintegration. The Buddhas have spoken [of them in terms of] sunyata, [but] the others do not accept sunyata. | + | 50. Notions about positive and negative have the mark of {{Wiki|disintegration}}. The [[Buddhas]] have spoken [of them in terms of] [[sunyata]], [but] the others do not accept [[sunyata]]. |
| − | 51. The abode of a mind that has no support has the mark of [empty] space. These [Bodhisattvas] maintain that development of sunyata is development of space. | + | 51. The abode of a [[mind]] that has no support has the mark of ([[empty]]) [[space]]. These ([[Bodhisattvas]]) maintain that [[development]] of [[sunyata]] is [[development]] of [[space]]. |
| − | 52. All the dogmatists have been terrified by the lion's roar of sunyata. Wherever they may reside, sunyata lies in wait! | + | 52. All the [[Wikipedia:Dogma|dogmatists]] have been terrified by the [[lion's roar]] of [[sunyata]]. Wherever they may reside, [[sunyata]] lies in wait! |
| − | 53. Whoever regards consciousness as momentary cannot accept it as permanent. If mind is impermanent, how does this contradict sunyata? | + | 53. Whoever regards [[consciousness]] as momentary cannot accept it as [[permanent]]. If [[mind]] is [[impermanent]], how does this contradict [[sunyata]]? |
| − | 54. In brief: When the Buddhas accept mind as impermanent, why should they not accept mind as empty? | + | 54. In brief: When the [[Buddhas]] accept [[mind]] as [[impermanent]], why should they not accept [[mind]] as [[empty]]? |
| − | 55. From the very beginning mind has no own- being. If things could be proved through own- being, [we would] not declare them to be without substance. | + | 55. From the very beginning [[mind]] has no [[own]]- [[being]]. If things could be proved through [[own]]- [[being]], [we would] not declare them to be without [[substance]]. |
| − | 56. This statement results in abandoning mind as having substantial foundation. It is not the nature of things to transcend [their] own own- being! | + | 56. This statement results in [[abandoning]] [[mind]] as having substantial foundation. It is not the [[nature]] of things to transcend [their] [[own]] [[own]]- [[being]]! |
| − | 57. As sweetness is the nature of sugar and hotness that of fire, so [we] maintain the nature of all things to be sunyata. | + | 57. As sweetness is the [[nature]] of sugar and hotness that of [[fire]], so [we] maintain the [[nature of all things]] to be [[sunyata]]. |
| − | 58. When one declares sunyata to be the nature [of all phenomena] one in no sense asserts that anything is destroyed or that something is eternal. | + | 58. When one declares [[sunyata]] to be the [[nature]] [of all [[phenomena]]) one in no [[sense]] asserts that anything is destroyed or that something is [[eternal]]. |
| − | 59. The activity of dependent co- origination with its twelve spokes starting with ignorance and ending with decay [we] maintain to be like a dream and an illusion. | + | 59. The [[activity]] of dependent co- origination with its twelve spokes starting with [[ignorance]] and ending with [[decay]] [we] maintain to be like a [[dream]] and an [[illusion]]. |
| − | 60. This wheel with twelve spokes rolls along the road of life. Apart from this, no sentient being that partakes of the fruit of its deeds can be found. | + | 60. This [[wheel]] with twelve spokes rolls along the road of [[life]]. Apart from this, no [[sentient being]] that partakes of the fruit of its [[deeds]] can be found. |
| − | 61. Depending on a mirror the outline of a face appears: It has not moved into it but also does not exist without it. | + | 61. Depending on a [[mirror]] the outline of a face appears: It has not moved into it but also does not [[exist]] without it. |
[[File:Karmapa9.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Karmapa9.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| − | 62. Just so, the wise must always be convinced that the skandhas appear in a new existence [due to] recomposition, but do not migrate [as identical or different]. | + | 62. Just so, the [[wise]] must always be convinced that the [[skandhas]] appear in a new [[existence]] [due to] recomposition, but do not migrate [as [[identical]] or different]. |
| − | 63. To sum up: Empty things are born from empty things. The Jina has taught that agent and deed, result and enjoyer are [all only] conventional. | + | 63. To sum up: [[Empty]] things are born from [[empty]] things. The [[Jina]] has [[taught]] that agent and [[deed]], result and enjoyer are [all only] [[Wikipedia:Convention (norm)|conventional]]. |
| − | 64. Just as the totality [of their causes and conditions] create the sound of a drum or a sprout, [so we] maintain that external dependent co- origination is like a dream and an illusion. | + | 64. Just as the {{Wiki|totality}} [of their [[causes]] and [[conditions]]) create the [[sound]] of a [[drum]] or a sprout, [so we] maintain that external dependent co- origination is like a [[dream]] and an [[illusion]]. |
| − | 65. It is not at all inconsistent that phenomena are born from causes. Since a cause is empty of cause, [we] understand it to be unoriginated. | + | 65. It is not at all inconsistent that [[phenomena]] are born from [[causes]]. Since a [[cause]] is [[empty]] of [[cause]], [we] understand it to be unoriginated. |
| − | 66. That phenomena [are said] not to arise indicates that they are empty. Briefly, 'all phenomena' denotes the five skandhas. | + | 66. That [[phenomena]] [are said] not to arise indicates that they are [[empty]]. Briefly, 'all [[phenomena]]' denotes the [[five skandhas]]. |
| − | 67. When truth is [accepted] as has been explained, convention is not disrupted. The true is not an object separate from the conventional. | + | 67. When [[truth]] is [accepted] as has been explained, convention is not disrupted. The true is not an [[object]] separate from the [[Wikipedia:Convention (norm)|conventional]]. |
| − | 68. Convention is explained as sunyata; convention is simply sunyata. For [these two] do not occur without one another, just as created and impermanent [invariably concur]. | + | 68. Convention is explained as [[sunyata]]; convention is simply [[sunyata]]. For [these two] do not occur without one another, just as created and [[impermanent]] [invariably concur]. |
| − | 69. Convention is born from karma [due to the various] klesas, and karma is created by mind. Mind is accumulated by the vasanas. Happiness consists in being free from the vasanas. | + | 69. Convention is born from [[karma]] [due to the various] [[klesas]], and [[karma]] is created by [[mind]]. [[Mind]] is [[accumulated]] by the [[vasanas]]. [[Happiness]] consists in [[being]] free from the [[vasanas]]. |
| − | 70. A happy mind is tranquil. A tranquil mind is not confused. To be unperplexed is to understand the truth. By understanding truth one obtains liberation. | + | 70. A [[happy]] [[mind]] is [[tranquil]]. A [[tranquil]] [[mind]] is not confused. To be unperplexed is to understand the [[truth]]. By [[understanding]] [[truth]] one obtains [[liberation]]. |
| − | 71. It is also defined as reality, real limit, signless, ultimate meaning, the highest bodhicitta, and sunyata. | + | 71. It is also defined as [[reality]], real limit, [[signless]], [[ultimate]] meaning, the [[highest]] [[bodhicitta]], and [[sunyata]]. |
| − | 72. Those who do not know sunyata will have no share in liberation. Such deluded beings wander [among] the six destinies, imprisoned within existence. | + | 72. Those who do not know [[sunyata]] will have no share in [[liberation]]. Such deluded [[beings]] wander [among] the [[six destinies]], imprisoned within [[existence]]. |
[[File:Karmapa8.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Karmapa8.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| − | 73. When ascetics (yogacarin) have thus developed this sunyata, their minds will without doubt become devoted to the welfare of others, [as they think]: | + | 73. When [[ascetics]] ([[yogacarin]]) have thus developed this [[sunyata]], their [[minds]] will without [[doubt]] become devoted to the {{Wiki|welfare}} of others, [as they think]: |
| − | 74. "I should be grateful to those beings who in the past bestowed benefits upon me by being my parents or friends. | + | 74. "I should be grateful to those [[beings]] who in the {{Wiki|past}} bestowed benefits upon me by [[being]] my [[parents]] or friends. |
| − | 75. "As I have brought suffering to beings living in the prison of existence, who are scorched by the fire of the klesas, it is fitting that I [now] afford them happiness." | + | 75. "As I have brought [[suffering]] to [[beings]] living in the {{Wiki|prison}} of [[existence]], who are scorched by the [[fire]] of the [[klesas]], it is fitting that I [now] afford them [[happiness]]." |
| − | 76. The sweet and bitter fruit [that beings in] the world [obtain] in the form of a good or bad rebirth is the outcome of whether they hurt or benefit living beings. | + | 76. The sweet and [[bitter]] fruit [that [[beings]] in] the [[world]] [obtain] in the [[form]] of a good or bad [[rebirth]] is the outcome of whether they {{Wiki|hurt}} or [[benefit]] [[living beings]]. |
| − | 77- 78. If Buddhas attain the unsurpassed stage by [giving] living beings support, what is so strange if [those] not guided by the slightest concern for others receive none of the pleasures of gods and men that support the guardians of the world, Brahma, Indra, and Rudra? | + | 77- 78. If [[Buddhas]] attain the [[unsurpassed]] stage by [giving] [[living beings]] support, what is so strange if [those] not guided by the slightest [[concern]] for others receive none of the [[pleasures]] of [[gods]] and men that support the [[guardians of the world]], [[Brahma]], [[Indra]], and [[Rudra]]? |
| − | 79. The different kinds of suffering that beings experience in the hell realms, as beasts, and as ghosts result from causing beings pain. | + | 79. The different kinds of [[suffering]] that [[beings]] [[experience]] in the [[hell realms]], as {{Wiki|beasts}}, and as [[ghosts]] result from causing [[beings]] [[pain]]. |
| − | 80. The inevitable and unceasing suffering of hunger, thirst, mutual slaughter, and torments result from causing pain. | + | 80. The inevitable and unceasing [[suffering]] of hunger, [[thirst]], mutual slaughter, and torments result from causing [[pain]]. |
| − | 81. Know that beings are subject to two kinds of maturation: [that of] Buddhas [and] Bodhisattvas and that of good and bad rebirth. | + | 81. Know that [[beings]] are [[subject]] to two kinds of {{Wiki|maturation}}: [that of] [[Buddhas]] [and] [[Bodhisattvas]] and that of [[good and bad]] [[rebirth]]. |
| − | 82. Support [living beings] with your whole nature and protect them like your own body. Indifference toward beings must be avoided like poison! | + | 82. Support ([[living beings]]) with your whole [[nature]] and {{Wiki|protect}} them like your [[own]] [[body]]. [[Indifference]] toward [[beings]] must be avoided like [[poison]]! |
| − | 83. Though the Sravakas obtain a lesser enlightenment thanks to indifference/ the bodhi of the Perfect Buddhas is obtained by not abandoning living beings. | + | 83. Though the [[Sravakas]] obtain a lesser [[enlightenment]] thanks to [[indifference]]/ the [[bodhi]] of the Perfect [[Buddhas]] is obtained by not [[abandoning]] [[living beings]]. |
| − | 84. How can those who consider how the fruit of helpful and harmful deeds ripens persist in their selfishness for even a single moment? | + | 84. How can those who consider how the fruit of helpful and harmful [[deeds]] ripens persist in their [[selfishness]] for even a [[single moment]]? |
| − | 85. The sons of the Buddha are active in developing enlightenment, which has steadfast compassion as its root, grows from the sprout of bodhicitta, and has the benefit of others as its sole fruit. | + | 85. The sons of the [[Buddha]] are active in developing [[enlightenment]], which has steadfast [[compassion]] as its [[root]], grows from the sprout of [[bodhicitta]], and has the [[benefit]] of others as its sole fruit. |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | 86. Those who are strengthened by [[meditational]] [[development]] find the [[suffering]] of others frightening. [In [[order]] to support others] they forsake even the [[pleasures]] of [[dhyana]]; they even enter the [[Avici]] [[hell]]! | |
| − | + | 87. They are wonderful; they are admirable; they are most extraordinarily {{Wiki|excellent}}! [[Nothing]] is more amazing than those who {{Wiki|sacrifice}} their [[person]] and riches! | |
| − | + | 88. Those who understand the [[sunyata]] of [[phenomena]] [but also] believe in [the law of] [[karma]] and its results are more wonderful than wonderful, more astonishing than astonishing! | |
| − | + | 89. [[Wishing]] to {{Wiki|protect}} [[living beings]], they take [[rebirth]] in the mud of [[existence]]. Unsullied by its events, they are like a [[lotus]] ([[rooted]]) in the mire. | |
| − | + | 90. Though sons of the [[Buddha]] such as [[Samantabhadra]] have consumed the fuel of the [[klesas]] through the [[cognitive]] [[fire]] of [[sunyata]], the waters of [[compassion]] still flow within them! | |
| − | + | 91- 92. Having come under the guiding [[power]] of [[compassion]] they display the descent [from [[Tusita]]), [[birth]], merriments, [[renunciation]], [[ascetic]] practices, great [[enlightenment]], victory over the hosts of [[Mara]], turning of the [[Dharmacakra]], the request of all the [[gods]], and [the entry into] [[nirvana]]. | |
| − | + | 93. Having emanated such [[forms]] as [[Brahma]], [[Indra]], {{Wiki|Visnu}}, and [[Rudra]], they {{Wiki|present}} through their [[compassionate]] natures a performance suitable to [[beings]] in need of guidance. | |
| − | + | 94. Two [kinds] of [[knowledge]] arise [from] the [[Mahayana]] to give {{Wiki|comfort}} and ease to those who journey in [[sorrow]] along life's [[path]]— so it is said. But [this] is not the [[ultimate]] meaning. | |
| − | + | 95. As long as they have not been admonished by the [[Buddhas]], [[Sravakas]] [who are] in a [[bodily]] [[state]] of [[cognition]] remain in a swoon, {{Wiki|intoxicated}} by [[samadhi]]. | |
| − | + | 96. But once admonished, they devote themselves to [[living beings]] in varied ways. Accumulating stores of [[merit]] and [[knowledge]], they obtain the [[enlightenment]] of [[Buddhas]]. | |
| − | [[ | ||
| − | |||
| − | + | 97. As the potentiality of both ([[accumulations]]), the [[vasanas]] are said to be the seed [of [[enlightenment]]). That seed, [which is] the [[accumulation]] of things, produces the sprout of [[life]]. | |
| − | + | 98. The teachings of the [[protectors]] of the [[world]] accord with the [varying] resolve of [[living beings]]. The [[Buddhas]] employ a [[wealth]] of [[skillful]] means, which take many [[worldly]] [[forms]]. | |
| − | + | 99. [Teachings may differ] in [[being]] either profound or vast; at times they are both. Though they sometimes may differ, they are invariably characterized by [[sunyata]] and non- [[duality]]. | |
| − | + | 100. Whatever the dharams, stages, and [[paramitas]] of the [[Buddhas]], the [[omniscient]] ([[Tathagatas]]) have stated that they [[form]] a part of [[bodhicitta]]. | |
| − | + | 101. Those who thus always [[benefit]] [[living beings]] through [[body]], words, and [[mind]] advocate the claims of [[sunyata]], not the contentions of {{Wiki|annihilation}}. | |
| − | + | 102. The magnanimous ([[Bodhisattvas]]) do not abide in [[nirvana]] or [[samsara]]. Therefore the [[Buddhas]] have spoken of this as "the non- abiding [[nirvana]]" | |
| − | + | 103. The unique elixir of [[compassion]] functions as [[merit]], [but] the elixir of [[sunyata]] functions as the [[highest]]. Those who drink it for the sake of themselves and others are sons of the [[Buddha]]. | |
| − | + | 104. Salute these [[Bodhisattvas]] with your entire [[being]]! Always [[worthy]] of {{Wiki|honor}} in the three [[worlds]], guides of the [[world]], they strive to represent the [[lineage]] of the [[Buddhas]]. | |
| − | + | 105. [In] [[Mahayana]] this [[bodhicitta]] is said to be the very best. So produce [[bodhicitta]] through firm and balanced efforts. | |
| − | + | 106. [In this] [[existence]] there is no other means for the [[realization]] of one's [[own]] and others' [[benefit]]. The [[Buddhas]] have until now seen no means apart from [[bodhicitta]]. | |
| − | + | 107. Simply by generating [[bodhicitta]] a {{Wiki|mass}} of [[merit]] is collected. If it took [[form]], it would more than fill the expanse of [[space]]! | |
| − | + | [[108]]. If a [[person]] developed [[bodhicitta]] only for a [[moment]], not even the Jinas could calculate the {{Wiki|mass}} of his [[merit]]! | |
| − | + | 109. The one finest [[jewel]] is a [[precious]] [[mind]] free of [[klesas]]. Robbers like the [[klesas]] or [[Mara]] cannot steal or damage it. | |
| − | + | 110. Just as the high [[aspirations]] of [[Buddhas]] and [[Bodhisattvas]] in [[samsara]] are unswerving, those who set their course on [[bodhicitta]] must make [firm their] resolve. | |
| − | (Translated by Christian Lindtner) | + | 111. No {{Wiki|matter}} how amazing [all this seems], you must make efforts as explained. Thereafter you yourself will understand the course of [[Samantabhadra]]! |
| + | |||
| + | 112. Through the incomparable [[merit]] I have now collected by praising the {{Wiki|excellent}} [[bodhicitta]] praised by the {{Wiki|excellent}} Jinas, may [[living beings]] submerged in the waves of life's ocean gain a foothold on the [[path]] followed by the leader of those who walk on two {{Wiki|legs}}. | ||
| + | |||
| + | (Translated by {{Wiki|Christian}} Lindtner) | ||
{{R}} | {{R}} | ||
[http://www.tamqui.com/buddhaworld/Bodhicittavivarana www.tamqui.com] | [http://www.tamqui.com/buddhaworld/Bodhicittavivarana www.tamqui.com] | ||
[[Category:Nāgārjuna]] | [[Category:Nāgārjuna]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:11, 4 April 2016
1. Bowing to the glorious Vajrasattvas embodying the mind of enlightenment, I shall expound the development of the bodhicitta that abolishes [the three kinds of] existence [in samsara).
2. The Buddhas maintain that bodhicitta is not enveloped in notions conscious of a self, skandhas, and so forth, [but] is always marked by being empty [of any such notions].
3. [Those] with minds [only] tinged by compassion must develop (bodhicitta) with particular effort. This bodhicitta is constantly developed by the compassionate Buddhas.
4. When the self imagined by the tirthikas is analyzed logically, it obtains no place within the [five] skandhas.
5. If it were (identical with] the skandhas [the self) would not be permanent, but the self has no such nature. And between things permanent and impermanent a container- content relationship is not [possible].
6. When there is no so- called self how can the so- called creator be permanent? [Only] if there were a subject might one begin investigating its attributes in the world.
7. Since a permanent (creator) cannot create things, whether gradually or all at once, there are no permanent things, whether external or internal.
8. Why [would] an efficacious (creator) be dependent? He would of course produce things all at once. A (creator) who depends on something else is neither eternal nor efficacious.
9. If [he] were an entity he [would] not be permanent, for things are perpetually instantaneous (since [you] do not deny that impermanent things have a creator).
10. This (empirical) world, free from a self and the rest, is vanquished by the (Sravakas'] understanding of the skandhas, elements, sense- fields, and subject and object.
11. Thus the benevolent (Buddhas) have spoken to the Sravakas of the five skandhas: form, feeling, apprehension, karma- formations and consciousness.
12- 13. But to the Bodhisattvas [the Buddha), the best among those who walk on two legs, has always taught this doctrine about the skandhas: "Form is like a mass of foam, feeling is like bubbles, apprehension is like a mirage, karma- formations are like the plantain, and consciousness is like an illusion."
14. The form skandha is declared to have the four great elements as its nature. The remaining [four skandhas) are inseparably established as immaterial.
15. Among these eye, form, and so forth are classified as [the eighteen] elements. Again, as subject- object these are to be known as the [twelve] sense- fields.
16. Form is not the atom, nor is it the [[[Wikipedia:organ|organ]]] of sense. It is absolutely not the active sense [of consciousness). [Thus] an instigator and a creator are not suited to producing (form).
17. The form atom does not produce sense consciousness, [because] it passes beyond the senses. If (empirical forms are supposed to] be created by an assemblage [of atoms), this accumulation is unacceptable.
18. If you analyze by spatial division, even the atom is seen to possess parts. That which is analyzed into parts — how can it logically be an atom?
19. Concerning one single external object divergent judgments may prevail. Precisely that form which is pleasant [to one person) may appear differently to others.
20. Regarding the same female body, an ascetic, a lover and a wild dog entertain three different notions: "A corpse!" "A mistress!" "A tasty morsel!"
21. Things are efficacious due to being like objects. Is it not like an offense while dreaming [i. e., nocturnal emission]? Once awakened from the dream the net result is the same.
22. As to the appearance of consciousness under the form of subject and object, [one must realize] that there exists no external object apart from consciousness.
23. In no way at all is there an external thing in the mode of an entity. This particular appearance of consciousness appears under the aspect of form.
24. The deluded see illusions, mirages, cities of gandharvas, and so forth. Form manifests in the same way.
25. The purpose of the (Buddha's) teachings about the skandhas, elements, and so forth is [merely] to dispel the belief in a self. By establishing [themselves] in pure consciousness the greatly blessed (Bodhisattvas) abandon that as well.
26. According to Vijhanavada, this manifold (world) is established to be mere consciousness. What the nature of this consciousness might be we shall analyze now.
27. The Muni's teaching that "The entire (world) is mere mind" is intended to remove the fears of the simple- minded. It is not a (teaching) concerning reality.
28. [The three natures) — the imagined, the dependent, and the absolute — have only one nature of their own: sunyata. They are the imaginations of mind.
29. To (Bodhisattvas) who rejoice in the Mahayana the Buddhas present in brief the selflessness and equality of [all] phenomena [and the teaching) that mind is originally unborn.
30. The Yogacarins give predominance to mind in itself. [They] claim that mind purified by a transformation in position [becomes] the object of its own specific (knowledge).
31. [But mind) that is past does not exist, [while] that which is future is nowhere discovered. [And] how can the present (mind) shift from place [to] place?
32. [The alayavijnana) does not appear the way it is. As it appears — it is not like that. Consciousness essentially lacks substance; it has no other basis [than insubstantiality).
33. When a lodestone is brought near, iron turns swiftly around; [though] it possesses no mind, [it] appears to possess mind. In just the same way,
34. The alayavijnana appears to be real though it is not. When it moves to and fro it [seems to] retain the [three] existences.
35. Just as the ocean and trees move though they have no mind, the alayavijnana is active [only] in dependence on a body.
36. Considering that without a body there is no consciousness, you must also state what kind of specific knowledge of itself this (consciousness) possesses!
37. By saying that a specific knowledge of itself (exists) one says it is an entity. But one also says that it is not possible to say, "This is it!"
38. To convince themselves as well as others, those who are intelligent [should] always proceed without error!
39. The knowable is known by a knower. Without the know- able no knowing [is possible]. So why not accept that subject and object do not exist [as such]?
40. Mind is but a name. It is nothing apart from [its] name. Consciousness must be regarded as but a name. The name too has no own- being.
41. The Jinas have never found mind to exist, either internally, externally, or else between the two. Therefore mind has an illusory nature.
42. Mind has no fixed forms such as various colors and shapes, subject and object, or male, female, and neuter.
43. In brief: Buddhas do not see [what cannot] be seen. How could they see what has lack of own- being as its own- being?
44. A 'thing' is a construct. Sunyata is absence of constructs. Where constructs have appeared, how can there be sunyata?
45. The Tathagatas do not regard mind under the form of know- able and knower. Where knower and knowable prevail there is no enlightenment.
46. Space, bodhicitta, and enlightenment are without marks; without generation. They have no structure; they are beyond the path of words. Their 'mark' is non- duality.
47. The magnanimous Buddhas who reside in the heart of enlightenment and all the compassionate (Bodhisattvas) always know sunyata to be like space.
48. Therefore (Bodhisattvas) perpetually develop this sunyata, which is the basis of all phenomena; calm, illusory, baseless; the destroyer of existence.
49. Sunyata expresses non- origination, voidness, and lack of self. Those who practice it should not practice what is cultivated by the inferior.
50. Notions about positive and negative have the mark of disintegration. The Buddhas have spoken [of them in terms of] sunyata, [but] the others do not accept sunyata.
51. The abode of a mind that has no support has the mark of (empty) space. These (Bodhisattvas) maintain that development of sunyata is development of space.
52. All the dogmatists have been terrified by the lion's roar of sunyata. Wherever they may reside, sunyata lies in wait!
53. Whoever regards consciousness as momentary cannot accept it as permanent. If mind is impermanent, how does this contradict sunyata?
54. In brief: When the Buddhas accept mind as impermanent, why should they not accept mind as empty?
55. From the very beginning mind has no own- being. If things could be proved through own- being, [we would] not declare them to be without substance.
56. This statement results in abandoning mind as having substantial foundation. It is not the nature of things to transcend [their] own own- being!
57. As sweetness is the nature of sugar and hotness that of fire, so [we] maintain the nature of all things to be sunyata.
58. When one declares sunyata to be the nature [of all phenomena) one in no sense asserts that anything is destroyed or that something is eternal.
59. The activity of dependent co- origination with its twelve spokes starting with ignorance and ending with decay [we] maintain to be like a dream and an illusion.
60. This wheel with twelve spokes rolls along the road of life. Apart from this, no sentient being that partakes of the fruit of its deeds can be found.
61. Depending on a mirror the outline of a face appears: It has not moved into it but also does not exist without it.
62. Just so, the wise must always be convinced that the skandhas appear in a new existence [due to] recomposition, but do not migrate [as identical or different].
63. To sum up: Empty things are born from empty things. The Jina has taught that agent and deed, result and enjoyer are [all only] conventional.
64. Just as the totality [of their causes and conditions) create the sound of a drum or a sprout, [so we] maintain that external dependent co- origination is like a dream and an illusion.
65. It is not at all inconsistent that phenomena are born from causes. Since a cause is empty of cause, [we] understand it to be unoriginated.
66. That phenomena [are said] not to arise indicates that they are empty. Briefly, 'all phenomena' denotes the five skandhas.
67. When truth is [accepted] as has been explained, convention is not disrupted. The true is not an object separate from the conventional.
68. Convention is explained as sunyata; convention is simply sunyata. For [these two] do not occur without one another, just as created and impermanent [invariably concur].
69. Convention is born from karma [due to the various] klesas, and karma is created by mind. Mind is accumulated by the vasanas. Happiness consists in being free from the vasanas.
70. A happy mind is tranquil. A tranquil mind is not confused. To be unperplexed is to understand the truth. By understanding truth one obtains liberation.
71. It is also defined as reality, real limit, signless, ultimate meaning, the highest bodhicitta, and sunyata.
72. Those who do not know sunyata will have no share in liberation. Such deluded beings wander [among] the six destinies, imprisoned within existence.
73. When ascetics (yogacarin) have thus developed this sunyata, their minds will without doubt become devoted to the welfare of others, [as they think]:
74. "I should be grateful to those beings who in the past bestowed benefits upon me by being my parents or friends.
75. "As I have brought suffering to beings living in the prison of existence, who are scorched by the fire of the klesas, it is fitting that I [now] afford them happiness."
76. The sweet and bitter fruit [that beings in] the world [obtain] in the form of a good or bad rebirth is the outcome of whether they hurt or benefit living beings.
77- 78. If Buddhas attain the unsurpassed stage by [giving] living beings support, what is so strange if [those] not guided by the slightest concern for others receive none of the pleasures of gods and men that support the guardians of the world, Brahma, Indra, and Rudra?
79. The different kinds of suffering that beings experience in the hell realms, as beasts, and as ghosts result from causing beings pain.
80. The inevitable and unceasing suffering of hunger, thirst, mutual slaughter, and torments result from causing pain.
81. Know that beings are subject to two kinds of maturation: [that of] Buddhas [and] Bodhisattvas and that of good and bad rebirth.
82. Support (living beings) with your whole nature and protect them like your own body. Indifference toward beings must be avoided like poison!
83. Though the Sravakas obtain a lesser enlightenment thanks to indifference/ the bodhi of the Perfect Buddhas is obtained by not abandoning living beings.
84. How can those who consider how the fruit of helpful and harmful deeds ripens persist in their selfishness for even a single moment?
85. The sons of the Buddha are active in developing enlightenment, which has steadfast compassion as its root, grows from the sprout of bodhicitta, and has the benefit of others as its sole fruit.
86. Those who are strengthened by meditational development find the suffering of others frightening. [In order to support others] they forsake even the pleasures of dhyana; they even enter the Avici hell!
87. They are wonderful; they are admirable; they are most extraordinarily excellent! Nothing is more amazing than those who sacrifice their person and riches!
88. Those who understand the sunyata of phenomena [but also] believe in [the law of] karma and its results are more wonderful than wonderful, more astonishing than astonishing!
89. Wishing to protect living beings, they take rebirth in the mud of existence. Unsullied by its events, they are like a lotus (rooted) in the mire.
90. Though sons of the Buddha such as Samantabhadra have consumed the fuel of the klesas through the cognitive fire of sunyata, the waters of compassion still flow within them!
91- 92. Having come under the guiding power of compassion they display the descent [from Tusita), birth, merriments, renunciation, ascetic practices, great enlightenment, victory over the hosts of Mara, turning of the Dharmacakra, the request of all the gods, and [the entry into] nirvana.
93. Having emanated such forms as Brahma, Indra, Visnu, and Rudra, they present through their compassionate natures a performance suitable to beings in need of guidance.
94. Two [kinds] of knowledge arise [from] the Mahayana to give comfort and ease to those who journey in sorrow along life's path— so it is said. But [this] is not the ultimate meaning.
95. As long as they have not been admonished by the Buddhas, Sravakas [who are] in a bodily state of cognition remain in a swoon, intoxicated by samadhi.
96. But once admonished, they devote themselves to living beings in varied ways. Accumulating stores of merit and knowledge, they obtain the enlightenment of Buddhas.
97. As the potentiality of both (accumulations), the vasanas are said to be the seed [of enlightenment). That seed, [which is] the accumulation of things, produces the sprout of life.
98. The teachings of the protectors of the world accord with the [varying] resolve of living beings. The Buddhas employ a wealth of skillful means, which take many worldly forms.
99. [Teachings may differ] in being either profound or vast; at times they are both. Though they sometimes may differ, they are invariably characterized by sunyata and non- duality.
100. Whatever the dharams, stages, and paramitas of the Buddhas, the omniscient (Tathagatas) have stated that they form a part of bodhicitta.
101. Those who thus always benefit living beings through body, words, and mind advocate the claims of sunyata, not the contentions of annihilation.
102. The magnanimous (Bodhisattvas) do not abide in nirvana or samsara. Therefore the Buddhas have spoken of this as "the non- abiding nirvana"
103. The unique elixir of compassion functions as merit, [but] the elixir of sunyata functions as the highest. Those who drink it for the sake of themselves and others are sons of the Buddha.
104. Salute these Bodhisattvas with your entire being! Always worthy of honor in the three worlds, guides of the world, they strive to represent the lineage of the Buddhas.
105. [In] Mahayana this bodhicitta is said to be the very best. So produce bodhicitta through firm and balanced efforts.
106. [In this] existence there is no other means for the realization of one's own and others' benefit. The Buddhas have until now seen no means apart from bodhicitta.
107. Simply by generating bodhicitta a mass of merit is collected. If it took form, it would more than fill the expanse of space!
108. If a person developed bodhicitta only for a moment, not even the Jinas could calculate the mass of his merit!
109. The one finest jewel is a precious mind free of klesas. Robbers like the klesas or Mara cannot steal or damage it.
110. Just as the high aspirations of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in samsara are unswerving, those who set their course on bodhicitta must make [firm their] resolve.
111. No matter how amazing [all this seems], you must make efforts as explained. Thereafter you yourself will understand the course of Samantabhadra!
112. Through the incomparable merit I have now collected by praising the excellent bodhicitta praised by the excellent Jinas, may living beings submerged in the waves of life's ocean gain a foothold on the path followed by the leader of those who walk on two legs.
(Translated by Christian Lindtner)
