Difference between revisions of "Hundred Peaceful and Wrathful Deities"
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==Fifty-eight Wrathful Deities== | ==Fifty-eight Wrathful Deities== | ||
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Revision as of 14:57, 2 November 2013
The Hundred Peaceful and Wrathful Deities (Tib. ཞི་ཁྲོ་རིགས་བརྒྱ་, Wyl. zhi khro rigs brgya) include the forty-two peaceful deities and fifty-eight wrathful deities. They feature in several practices and cycles of teachings, most notably the Tibetan Book of the Dead and the Guhyagarbha Tantra, which is the primary source describing this mandala.
Forty-two Peaceful Deities
The forty-two peaceful deities (Tib. shyiwé lha shyé nyi; Wyl. zhi ba'i lha zhe gnyis) are:
1) Samantabadra
Samantabhadra (Wyl. kun tu bzang po);
2) Samantabadri
Samantabhadri (Wyl. kun tu bzang mo);
3-7) The Five Male Buddhas of the Five Families
Buddhas of the five families (Skt. jinakula; Tib. རྒྱལ་བ་རིགས་ལྔ་, Wyl. rgyal ba rigs lnga) — the five peaceful buddhas of the sambhogakaya:
- Vairochana, buddha family
- Akshobhya, vajra family
- Ratnasambhava, ratna family
- Amitabha, padma family
- Amoghasiddhi, karma family
8-12) The Five Female Buddhas of the Five Families
The five female buddhas of the five families, also known as the five mothers (Wyl. yum lnga) are:
- Dhatvishvari (Skt.; Tib. དབྱིངས་ཕྱུག་མ་, Ying Chukma) also known as Vajra Datvishvari or White Tara, the consort of Vairochana, who represents the purity of the element space
- Buddhalochana (Skt.; Tib. སངས་རྒྱས་སྤྱན་, Sangyé chenma) the consort of Akshobhya, who represents the purity of the element earth
- Mamaki (Skt.; Tib. མ་མ་ཀི་, Mamaki) the consort of Ratnasambhava, who represents the purity of the element water
- Pandaravasini (Skt.; Tib. གོས་དཀར་མོ་, Gökarmo) the consort of Amitabha, who represents the purity of the element fire
- Samayatara (Skt.; Tib. དམ་ཚིག་སྒྲོལ་མ་, Damtsik Drolma) also known as Green Tara, the consort of Amoghasiddhi, who represents the purity of the element wind
The Five Female Buddhas are a set of figures visualized in meditation. They embody aspects of wisdom, and through visualizing them and reciting their mantras gradually something of that wisdom ‘rubs off’. Most of these five figures have not played a very important role in the Buddhist tradition. They appear mainly in the tantric context as consorts of the five male figures known as the Five Jinas (‘Conquerors’ – of suffering) or the Five Dhyani Buddhas (‘Buddhas of meditation’). The sacred union Mandala of the Five Wisdom Male and Female Buddhas is a representation of our mind, when our mind is free from delusion. It is the union of our male and female sides in deep awareness.
In Tibetan Buddhism it is believed that enlightenment is obtained through the union of wisdom and compassion. The figures in a Yab Yum (father mother) Mandala are meditation tools, the male deity representing compassion, the female representing wisdom (insight), and their balanced union an offering of compassion for the world.
The process of contemplating and practicing with the five wisdom “fathers and mothers Buddhas” allows us to become grounded in a deeper knowledge of ourselves, our patterns and the workings of our consciousness.
13-20) The Eight Male Bodhisattvas
Eight Great Bodhisattvas, or 'Eight Close Sons' (Skt. aṣṭa utaputra; Tib. ཉེ་བའི་སྲས་བརྒྱད་, Wyl. nye ba'i sras brgyad) — the main bodhisattvas in the retinue of Buddha Shakyamuni:
- Mañjushri, འཇམ་དཔལ་ or འཇམ་དཔལ་དབྱངས་,
- Avalokiteshvara, སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་,
- Vajrapani, ཕྱག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ་,
- Maitreya, བྱམས་པ་མགོན་པོ་,
- Kshitigarbha, ས་ཡི་སྙིང་པོ་ or སའི་སྙིང་པོ,
- Akashagarbha, ནམ་མཁའི་སྙིང་པོ་,
- Sarvanivaranavishkambhin, སྒྲིབ་པ་རྣམ་སེལ་, and
- Samantabhadra, ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ་.
Read more about them
21-28) The Eight Female Bodhisattvas
The ' eight female bodhisattvas (Wyl. byang chub sems ma brgyad) are also referred to as the eight offering goddesses. They are the consorts of the eight great bodhisattvas:
- Goddess of Beauty (Skt. Lāsyā; Tib. Gekpama; Wyl. sgeg pa ma) the consort of Kshitigarbha
- Goddess of Garlands (Skt. Mālyā; Tib. Trengwama; Wyl. phreng ba ma) the consort of Akashagarbha
- Goddess of Song (Skt. Gītā; Tib. Luma; Wyl. glu ma) the consort of Vajrapani
- Goddess of Dance (Skt. Nirtī; Tib. Garma; Wyl. gar ma) the consort of Avalokiteshvara
- Goddess of Flowers (Skt. Pūṣpā; Tib. Metokma Wyl. me tog ma) the consort of Sarvanivaranavishkambhin
- Goddess of Incense (Skt. Dhupā; Tib. Dukpöma; Wyl. bdu spos ma) the consort of Maitreya
- Goddess of Light (Skt. Alokā; Tib. Marmema or Nangselma; Wyl. mar me ma) the consort of Samantabhadra
- Goddess of Perfume (Skt. Gandhā; Tib. Drichabma; Wyl. dri chab ma) the consort of Mañjushri
Symbolically they represent the pure state of sense objects.
29-34) The Six Munis
The Six Munis (Skt.; Tib. Tubpa Druk; Tib. ཐུབ་པ་དྲུག་, Wyl. thub pa drug) are the supreme nirmanakaya buddhas for each of the six classes of beings. They are:
- Indra Kaushika (Skt.; Tib. དབང་པོ་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་, Wangpo Gyajin; Wyl. dbang po brgya byin) for the god realms
- Vemachitra (Skt. Vemacitra; Tib. ཐགས་བཟང་རིས་, Taksangri; Wyl. thags bzang ris) for the demi-gods or asura realms
- Shakyamuni (Tib. ཤཱཀྱ་ཐབ་པ་, Wyl. shAkya thub pa) for the human realm
- Shravasingha or Dhruvasiṃha (Skt.; Tib. སེང་གེ་རབ་བརྟན་, Sengé Rabten; Wyl. seng ge rab brtan) for the animal realm
- Jvālamukhadeva (Skt.; Tib. ཁ་འབར་དེ་བ་, Khabar Dewa; Wyl. kha ‘bar de ba) for the preta realms
- Dharmarāja (Skt.; Tib. ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་, Chökyi Gyalpo; Wyl. chos kyi rgyal po) for the hell realms
35-38) The Four Male Gate Keepers
The four male gatekeepers (Wyl. sgo ba yab bzhi) are:
- Achala, guarding the east gate (or Vijaya, or Mahabala?)
- Yamantaka, guarding the south gate
- Hayagriva, guarding the west gate
- Amritakundali, guarding the north gate
39-42) The Four Female Gate Keepers
The four female gatekeepers (Wyl. sgo ma bzhi) are:
- Ankusha (Skt. Aṅkuśā; Wyl. lcags kyu ma or rta gdong ma) also called 'Horse Face' or 'Iron Hook', guarding the east gate and in union with Vijaya (or Achala?)
- Pasha (Skt. Pāśā; Wyl. zhags pa ma or phag gdong ma) also called 'Sow Face' or 'the Noose', guarding the south gate and in union with Yamantaka
- Shrinkhala (Skt. Śriṅkhalā; Wyl. lcags sgrog ma or seng gdong ma) also called 'Lion Face' or 'Iron Chain', guarding the west gate and in union with Hayagriva
- Ghanta (Skt. Ghaṇtā; Wyl. dril bu ma or spyang gdong ma) also called 'Wolf Face' or 'the Bell', guarding the north gate and in union with Amritakundali.
Fifty-eight Wrathful Deities
The fifty-eight wrathful deities are:
1-10) The Five Wrathful Herukas and their Five Consorts
The five wrathful herukas and their five consorts—the wrathful aspect of the buddhas of the five families and of the five female buddhas—are:
- Buddhaheruka and his consort Buddhakrodhishvari;
- Vajraheruka and his consort Vajrarodhishvari;
- Ratnaheruka and his consort Ratnarodhishvari;
- Padmaheruka and his consort Padmakrodhishvari and
- Karmaheruka and his consort Karmakrodhishvari.
11-18) The Eight Wrathful Females
The eight wrathful females or eight gaurima (Skt. gaurī; Tib. gaurima; Wyl. gau ri ma brgyad) are:
- Gauri (Skt. Gaurī; Wyl. ko'u ri)
- Pukkasi (Skt. Pukkasī; Wyl. pus ka si)
- Chaurimatrika (Skt. Caurī; Wyl. tso'u ri)
- Ghasmari (Skt. Ghasmarī; Wyl. kas ma ri)
- Pramoha (Skt. Pramohā; Wyl. pra mo)
- Chandali (Skt. Caṇḍālī; Wyl. tsan dha li)
- Vetali (Skt. Vetālī; Wyl. be'e ta li)
- Shmashani (Skt. Śmaśānī; Wyl. sme sha ni)
19-26) The Eight Tramen
The eight tramen (Wyl. phra men brgyad; Skt. piśacī), or eight singhama (Wyl. sim ha brgyad) are animal-headed deities (tramen literally means 'hybrid').
They are:
- Simhamukha (Skt. Siṃhamukhā)
- Vyaghrimukha (Skt. Vyāghramukhā)
- Srigalamukha (Skt. Śṛgālamukhā)
- Shvanamukha (Skt. Śvanmukhā)
- Gridhamukha (Skt. Gṛdhramukhā)
- Kangkamukha (Skt. Kaṅkamukhā; Wyl. kang ka mu kha), dark red in colour with a kite's/heron's (?) (Skt. kaṅka) head
- Kakamukha (Skt. Kākamukhā)
- Ulumukha (Skt. Ulūkamukhā)
27-30) The Four Female Gatekeepers
The four female gatekeepers (Wyl. sgo ma bzhi) are:
- Ankusha (Skt. Aṅkuśā; Wyl. lcags kyu ma or rta gdong ma) also called 'Horse Face' or 'Iron Hook', guarding the east gate and in union with Vijaya (or Achala?)
- Pasha (Skt. Pāśā; Wyl. zhags pa ma or phag gdong ma) also called 'Sow Face' or 'the Noose', guarding the south gate and in union with Yamantaka
- Shrinkhala (Skt. Śriṅkhalā; Wyl. lcags sgrog ma or seng gdong ma) also called 'Lion Face' or 'Iron Chain', guarding the west gate and in union with Hayagriva
- Ghanta (Skt. Ghaṇtā; Wyl. dril bu ma or spyang gdong ma) also called 'Wolf Face' or 'the Bell', guarding the north gate and in union with Amritakundali.
31-58) The Twenty-eight Ishvaris
The twenty-eight ishvaris (Skt. īśvarī; Tib. wangchukma nyer gyé; Wyl. dbang phyug ma nyer brgyad)
The twenty-eight ishvaris are composed of four groups of six yoginis corresponding to the four activities, and of the four female outer-gate keepers:
1. The six yoginis corresponding to the activity of pacifying:
2. The six yoginis corresponding to the activity of increasing:
3. The six yoginis corresponding to the activity of magnetizing:
4. The six yoginis corresponding to the activity of subjugating:
5. The last group is composed of the four female outer-gate keepers.
59-60) Chemchok Heruka and his Consort
The fifty-eight wrathful deities become sixty when you add Chemchok Heruka (Wyl. che mchog heruka) and his consort Krodhishvari, who are the wrathful aspects of Samantabhadra and Samantabhadri.
Further Reading
- Sogyal Rinpoche, The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, revised and updated edition (Harper San Francisco, 2002), page 284.