Difference between revisions of "Majjhima Nikaya"
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− | The [[Majjhima Nikaya]] (-[[Nikāya]]; "[[Collection of Middle-length Discourses]]") is a [[Buddhist scripture]], the second of the five [[Nikayas]], or collections, in the [[Sutta Pitaka]], which is one of the "[[three baskets]]" that compose the [[Pali]] [[Tipitaka]] of [[Theravada | + | The [[Majjhima Nikaya]] (-[[Nikāya]]; "[[Collection of Middle-length Discourses]]") is a [[Buddhist scripture]], the second of the five [[Nikayas]], or collections, in the [[Sutta Pitaka]], which is one of the "[[three baskets]]" that compose the [[Pali]] [[Tipitaka]] of [[Theravada Buddhism]]. This [[Nikaya]] consists of 152 [[discourses]] attributed to The [[Buddha]] and his chief [[disciples]]. |
The [[Majjhima Nikaya]] corresponds to the [[Madhyama Āgama]] found in the [[Sutra Pitikas]] of various [[Sanskritic]] [[early Buddhist schools]], fragments of which survive in [[Sanskrit]] and in [[Tibetan]] translation. A complete {{Wiki|Chinese}} translation from the [[Sarvāstivādin]] recension appears in [[The Chinese Buddhist Canon]], where it is known as the [[Zhōng Ahánjīng]] ([[中阿含經]]). The [[Madhyama Āgama]] of the [[Sarvāstivāda]] school contains 222 [[sūtras]], in contrast to the 152 [[suttas]] in the [[Pāli]] [[Majjhima]] [[Nikāya]]. | The [[Majjhima Nikaya]] corresponds to the [[Madhyama Āgama]] found in the [[Sutra Pitikas]] of various [[Sanskritic]] [[early Buddhist schools]], fragments of which survive in [[Sanskrit]] and in [[Tibetan]] translation. A complete {{Wiki|Chinese}} translation from the [[Sarvāstivādin]] recension appears in [[The Chinese Buddhist Canon]], where it is known as the [[Zhōng Ahánjīng]] ([[中阿含經]]). The [[Madhyama Āgama]] of the [[Sarvāstivāda]] school contains 222 [[sūtras]], in contrast to the 152 [[suttas]] in the [[Pāli]] [[Majjhima]] [[Nikāya]]. | ||
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[[Bhikkhu Nanamoli]] and [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] (trans.), The [[Middle Length Discoursesof The Buddha]]: A Translation of the [[Majjhima Nikaya]], 1995, Somerville: [[Wisdom Publications]] ISBN 0-86171-072-X. | [[Bhikkhu Nanamoli]] and [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] (trans.), The [[Middle Length Discoursesof The Buddha]]: A Translation of the [[Majjhima Nikaya]], 1995, Somerville: [[Wisdom Publications]] ISBN 0-86171-072-X. | ||
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− | In a review of this most recent translation, [[L. S. Cousins]] (before getting down to details) makes various general criticisms: | + | [[Mahapandit]] {{Wiki|Rahul Sankrityayan}} had translated [[Majjhima Nikaya]] from {{Wiki|Prakrit}} to {{Wiki|Hindi}}. |
+ | [[Lord]] Chalmers (trans.), [[Further Dialogues of The Buddha]], 1926–7, 2 volumes, Ann Arbor: [[Books]] on Demand, {{Wiki|University of Michigan}}. | ||
+ | I.B. Horner (trans.), The [[Book of Middle Length Sayings]], 1954–9, 3 volumes, Bristol: [[Pali]] Text {{Wiki|Society}}. | ||
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+ | [[David W. Evans]] (trans.), [[Discourses]] of [[Gotama]] [[Buddha]]: Middle Collection, 1991, Janus Pubns. "Translation in an abridged [[form]] ... just about one third the size of Horner's translation, but with well over 90% of the significant content" | ||
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+ | In a review of this most recent translation, [[L. S. Cousins]] (before getting down to details) makes various general {{Wiki|criticisms}}: | ||
the translation does not make clear what [[Pali]] text it is translating | the translation does not make clear what [[Pali]] text it is translating | ||
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in order to fit in one volume it cuts a lot of repetitions, thus altering the emphases of the text | in order to fit in one volume it cuts a lot of repetitions, thus altering the emphases of the text | ||
it tends to follow [[traditional]] {{Wiki|commentarial}} interpretations too uncritically | it tends to follow [[traditional]] {{Wiki|commentarial}} interpretations too uncritically | ||
− | [[Bodhi]] has undone improvements Nanamoli was trying to make before he [[died]], to restore "standard" translations of {{Wiki|terminology}}. Cousins says that these translations (or some) are "quite unacceptable" and "promulgate widespread misunderstandings", and that Nanamoli understood this. Cousins says that "what is needed is much more {{Wiki|creativity}} and variety" in translation to try better to convey early [[Buddhist]] [[Wikipedia:concept|concepts]] | + | [[Bodhi]] has undone improvements [[Nanamoli]] was trying to make before he [[died]], to restore "standard" translations of {{Wiki|terminology}}. Cousins says that these translations (or some) are "quite unacceptable" and "promulgate widespread misunderstandings", and that [[Nanamoli]] understood this. Cousins says that "what is needed is much more {{Wiki|creativity}} and variety" in translation to try better to convey early [[Buddhist]] [[Wikipedia:concept|concepts]] |
Nevertheless, Cousins judges the translation a valuable contribution. | Nevertheless, Cousins judges the translation a valuable contribution. | ||
Selections | Selections | ||
− | A Treasury of The [[Buddha]]'s Words, tr Nanamoli, revised [[Khantipalo]], {{Wiki|Bangkok}}; later revised & expanded to give MLDB above | + | A Treasury of The [[Buddha]]'s Words, tr [[Nanamoli]], revised [[Khantipalo]], {{Wiki|Bangkok}}; later revised & expanded to give MLDB above |
− | Twenty-Five [[Suttas]] from Mula-Pannasa, [[Burma | + | Twenty-Five [[Suttas]] from [[Mula-Pannasa]], [[Burma Pitaka Association]], {{Wiki|Rangoon}}, 1986?; reprinted Sri [[Satguru]], {{Wiki|Delhi}} |
− | Twenty-Five [[Suttas]] from Majjhima-Pannasa, | + | Twenty-Five [[Suttas]] from [[Majjhima-Pannasa]], [[Myanmar Pitaka Association]], {{Wiki|Rangoon}}, 1987; reprinted Sri [[Satguru]], DElhi |
− | Twenty-Five [[Suttas]] from Upari-Pannasa, | + | Twenty-Five [[Suttas]] from [[Upari-Pannasa]], [[Myanmar Pitaka Association]], {{Wiki|Rangoon}}, 1988?; reprinted Sri [[Satguru]], {{Wiki|Delhi}} |
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Revision as of 11:23, 10 January 2015
The Majjhima Nikaya (-Nikāya; "Collection of Middle-length Discourses") is a Buddhist scripture, the second of the five Nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pali Tipitaka of Theravada Buddhism. This Nikaya consists of 152 discourses attributed to The Buddha and his chief disciples.
The Majjhima Nikaya corresponds to the Madhyama Āgama found in the Sutra Pitikas of various Sanskritic early Buddhist schools, fragments of which survive in Sanskrit and in Tibetan translation. A complete Chinese translation from the Sarvāstivādin recension appears in The Chinese Buddhist Canon, where it is known as the Zhōng Ahánjīng (中阿含經). The Madhyama Āgama of the Sarvāstivāda school contains 222 sūtras, in contrast to the 152 suttas in the Pāli Majjhima Nikāya.
Translations
Bhikkhu Nanamoli and Bhikkhu Bodhi (trans.), The Middle Length Discoursesof The Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya, 1995, Somerville: Wisdom Publications ISBN 0-86171-072-X.
Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan had translated Majjhima Nikaya from Prakrit to Hindi.
Lord Chalmers (trans.), Further Dialogues of The Buddha, 1926–7, 2 volumes, Ann Arbor: Books on Demand, University of Michigan.
I.B. Horner (trans.), The Book of Middle Length Sayings, 1954–9, 3 volumes, Bristol: Pali Text Society.
David W. Evans (trans.), Discourses of Gotama Buddha: Middle Collection, 1991, Janus Pubns. "Translation in an abridged form ... just about one third the size of Horner's translation, but with well over 90% of the significant content"
In a review of this most recent translation, L. S. Cousins (before getting down to details) makes various general criticisms:
the translation does not make clear what Pali text it is translating
being largely the work of Nanamoli, who died in 1960, it does not take much account of recent scholarship
in order to fit in one volume it cuts a lot of repetitions, thus altering the emphases of the text
it tends to follow traditional commentarial interpretations too uncritically
Bodhi has undone improvements Nanamoli was trying to make before he died, to restore "standard" translations of terminology. Cousins says that these translations (or some) are "quite unacceptable" and "promulgate widespread misunderstandings", and that Nanamoli understood this. Cousins says that "what is needed is much more creativity and variety" in translation to try better to convey early Buddhist concepts
Nevertheless, Cousins judges the translation a valuable contribution.
Selections
A Treasury of The Buddha's Words, tr Nanamoli, revised Khantipalo, Bangkok; later revised & expanded to give MLDB above
Twenty-Five Suttas from Mula-Pannasa, Burma Pitaka Association, Rangoon, 1986?; reprinted Sri Satguru, Delhi
Twenty-Five Suttas from Majjhima-Pannasa, Myanmar Pitaka Association, Rangoon, 1987; reprinted Sri Satguru, DElhi
Twenty-Five Suttas from Upari-Pannasa, Myanmar Pitaka Association, Rangoon, 1988?; reprinted Sri Satguru, Delhi