Difference between revisions of "Ngawang Kalzang"
Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
[[Kyabje Domo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Kalsang]], the legendary figure whose previous [[incarnations]] include [[Shariputra]], the [[Mahadsiddha]] [[Gayadhara]], [[Dharmashri]], [[Munijnana]], [[Tönmi Sambhota]], [[King]] [[Trisong Detzen]], [[Dromtönpa]], [[Milarepa]], [[Khedrup]] [[Rinpoche]], and [[Dragpa Gyaltsen]], was known throughout [[Tibet]] and the [[Himalayan]] region for his immense [[kindness]], [[humility]], great [[deeds]], and [[non-sectarian]] [[attitude]]. He spread the [[pure]] [[teachings of the Buddha]] throughout the [[Himalayas]] from [[Kashmir]] to {{Wiki|Assam}}, and in the process he established the first [[Gelugpa]] [[monasteries]] in regions where there had been none. [[Domo Geshe Rinpoche]] was also famous because he was the first of the [[Tibetan]] [[lamas]] to go on [[pilgrimage]] repeatedly to the [[Buddhist]] {{Wiki|holy}} sites in [[India]], when this was not yet an established [[tradition]]. Active in the [[Tsang]] and central parts of [[Tibet]], he was openly praised by both the [[Panchen Rinpoche]] and [[His Holiness]] the [[Thirteenth Dalai Lama]], who referred to him as a “[[realized]] one who is completely tamed” and as someone who is “[[Lama]] to [[people]] inside and outside of [[Tibet]] and whose widespread [[fame]] resonates like the [[sound]] of a great [[bell]].” In fact, his [[fame]] extends to [[Mongolia]], [[China]], [[Japan]], [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], and many {{Wiki|Western}} countries. | [[Kyabje Domo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Kalsang]], the legendary figure whose previous [[incarnations]] include [[Shariputra]], the [[Mahadsiddha]] [[Gayadhara]], [[Dharmashri]], [[Munijnana]], [[Tönmi Sambhota]], [[King]] [[Trisong Detzen]], [[Dromtönpa]], [[Milarepa]], [[Khedrup]] [[Rinpoche]], and [[Dragpa Gyaltsen]], was known throughout [[Tibet]] and the [[Himalayan]] region for his immense [[kindness]], [[humility]], great [[deeds]], and [[non-sectarian]] [[attitude]]. He spread the [[pure]] [[teachings of the Buddha]] throughout the [[Himalayas]] from [[Kashmir]] to {{Wiki|Assam}}, and in the process he established the first [[Gelugpa]] [[monasteries]] in regions where there had been none. [[Domo Geshe Rinpoche]] was also famous because he was the first of the [[Tibetan]] [[lamas]] to go on [[pilgrimage]] repeatedly to the [[Buddhist]] {{Wiki|holy}} sites in [[India]], when this was not yet an established [[tradition]]. Active in the [[Tsang]] and central parts of [[Tibet]], he was openly praised by both the [[Panchen Rinpoche]] and [[His Holiness]] the [[Thirteenth Dalai Lama]], who referred to him as a “[[realized]] one who is completely tamed” and as someone who is “[[Lama]] to [[people]] inside and outside of [[Tibet]] and whose widespread [[fame]] resonates like the [[sound]] of a great [[bell]].” In fact, his [[fame]] extends to [[Mongolia]], [[China]], [[Japan]], [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], and many {{Wiki|Western}} countries. | ||
− | Nearly all written biographical [[information]] about [[Geshe Ngawang Kalsang]], who later became known as [[Domo Geshe Rinpoche]], was lost in [[Tibet]]. However there does [[exist]] the [[lineage prayer]] composed by [[Kyabje Trijang Dorje Chang]]; biographical material mentioned by the {{Wiki|Western}} [[disciple]] [[Lama Govinda]] in his [[book]] [[The Way of the White Clouds]]; and many diverse oral sources. From these it is known that [[Ngawang Kalsang]] was born in 1866 in [[Emagang]], [[Tsang]], [[Tibet]]. At the age of eight he entered [[Tashi Lhunpo]] [[Monastery]] and was given the [[name]] [[Ngawang Kalsang]] by the [[Panchen Rinpoche]] [[Tenpa’i Wangchuk]]. He took full [[ordination]] from the [[incarnation]] of the great [[translator]] [[Lochen]] [[Rinchen Zangpo]] [[Rinpoche]]. After twenty years of study he received the “[[Kachen]]” [[degree]], which was [[Tashi Lhunpo’s | + | Nearly all written biographical [[information]] about [[Geshe Ngawang Kalsang]], who later became known as [[Domo Geshe Rinpoche]], was lost in [[Tibet]]. However there does [[exist]] the [[lineage prayer]] composed by [[Kyabje Trijang Dorje Chang]]; biographical material mentioned by the {{Wiki|Western}} [[disciple]] [[Lama Govinda]] in his [[book]] [[The Way of the White Clouds]]; and many diverse oral sources. From these it is known that [[Ngawang Kalsang]] was born in 1866 in [[Emagang]], [[Tsang]], [[Tibet]]. At the age of eight he entered [[Tashi Lhunpo]] [[Monastery]] and was given the [[name]] [[Ngawang Kalsang]] by the [[Panchen Rinpoche]] [[Tenpa’i Wangchuk]]. He took full [[ordination]] from the [[incarnation]] of the great [[translator]] [[Lochen]] [[Rinchen Zangpo]] [[Rinpoche]]. After twenty years of study he received the “[[Kachen]]” [[degree]], which was [[Tashi Lhunpo’s]] {{Wiki|equivalent}} of the “[[Geshe]]” [[degree]] of [[Central Tibet’s]] great [[monastic]] [[universities]]. |
After finding his [[root Guru]], [[Rangjung Lama Lobsang Zöpa]], [[Gesh Ngawang Kalsang]] spent many years receiving teachings and [[initiations]], making [[pilgrimages]], and [[meditating]] in [[caves]] in [[Bhutan]], [[Sikkim]], and [[Tibet]]. In different {{Wiki|holy}} places along the [[Himalayan]] [[snow mountain]] range, in [[caves]] and isolated places, [[Geshe Rinpoche]] practiced and actually saw the different [[meditational deities]], receiving their [[blessings]], teachings, guidance, and predictions. When the [[Guru]] conferred upon him the great [[empowerment]] of the five-deity [[Heruka Chakrasamvara]] [[mandala]] of the [[Ghantapada tradition]] ([[Demchog Trilbu Lha-nga]]) in [[Milarepa’s]] [[temple]] at [[Lapchi]], the [[mandala]] and [[deity]] actually [[manifested]] and entrusted him with the {{Wiki|future}} of the [[Demchog tantra]]. During his [[retreats]] [[Geshe]] [[Ngawang Kalsang]] lived on {{Wiki|fruits}}, berries, and herbs, and also was sustained by the practice of “taking the [[essence]]” of [[flowers]] and stones. It is said that while he was [[meditating]] in a remote {{Wiki|cave}} in the dense forests of [[Upper Tromo]], yeti came to serve him by bringing him firewood and [[water]]. | After finding his [[root Guru]], [[Rangjung Lama Lobsang Zöpa]], [[Gesh Ngawang Kalsang]] spent many years receiving teachings and [[initiations]], making [[pilgrimages]], and [[meditating]] in [[caves]] in [[Bhutan]], [[Sikkim]], and [[Tibet]]. In different {{Wiki|holy}} places along the [[Himalayan]] [[snow mountain]] range, in [[caves]] and isolated places, [[Geshe Rinpoche]] practiced and actually saw the different [[meditational deities]], receiving their [[blessings]], teachings, guidance, and predictions. When the [[Guru]] conferred upon him the great [[empowerment]] of the five-deity [[Heruka Chakrasamvara]] [[mandala]] of the [[Ghantapada tradition]] ([[Demchog Trilbu Lha-nga]]) in [[Milarepa’s]] [[temple]] at [[Lapchi]], the [[mandala]] and [[deity]] actually [[manifested]] and entrusted him with the {{Wiki|future}} of the [[Demchog tantra]]. During his [[retreats]] [[Geshe]] [[Ngawang Kalsang]] lived on {{Wiki|fruits}}, berries, and herbs, and also was sustained by the practice of “taking the [[essence]]” of [[flowers]] and stones. It is said that while he was [[meditating]] in a remote {{Wiki|cave}} in the dense forests of [[Upper Tromo]], yeti came to serve him by bringing him firewood and [[water]]. | ||
Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
After [[Domo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Kalsang]] passed away in 1936, the [[Dungkar Gonpa]] administration requested the central {{Wiki|Tibetan government}} for permission to embalm his [[body]]. Although only the [[bodies]] of the [[Dalai Lamas]] and the [[Panchen Lamas]] were customarily embalmed and sealed in large [[stupas]], the request was granted. The Regent [[Reting Rinpoche’s]] decree read, “In [[Wikipedia:South Tibet|Southern Tibet]], including [[Sikkim]], etc., [[Domo Geshe Rinpoche’s]] [[activities]] were exactly like those of [[Je Tsong Khapa]]. In accordance, we will allow [[Rinpoche’s]] [[body]] to be preserved.” The {{Wiki|holy}} [[stupa]] was [[consecrated]] in 1938 by [[Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche]] [[Dorje Chang]] and remained an [[object]] of veneration until it, along with the entire [[Dungkar Gonpa]], was destroyed in the {{Wiki|Cultural Revolution}}. | After [[Domo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Kalsang]] passed away in 1936, the [[Dungkar Gonpa]] administration requested the central {{Wiki|Tibetan government}} for permission to embalm his [[body]]. Although only the [[bodies]] of the [[Dalai Lamas]] and the [[Panchen Lamas]] were customarily embalmed and sealed in large [[stupas]], the request was granted. The Regent [[Reting Rinpoche’s]] decree read, “In [[Wikipedia:South Tibet|Southern Tibet]], including [[Sikkim]], etc., [[Domo Geshe Rinpoche’s]] [[activities]] were exactly like those of [[Je Tsong Khapa]]. In accordance, we will allow [[Rinpoche’s]] [[body]] to be preserved.” The {{Wiki|holy}} [[stupa]] was [[consecrated]] in 1938 by [[Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche]] [[Dorje Chang]] and remained an [[object]] of veneration until it, along with the entire [[Dungkar Gonpa]], was destroyed in the {{Wiki|Cultural Revolution}}. | ||
− | All quoted material has been extracted from [[His Holiness]] [[Domo Geshe Rinpoche]], A Biographical Sketch, by Dr. Ursula Bernis, copyright ©2002 by the [[Dungkar | + | All quoted material has been extracted from [[His Holiness]] [[Domo Geshe Rinpoche]], A Biographical Sketch, by Dr. Ursula Bernis, copyright ©2002 by the [[Dungkar Gonpa]] {{Wiki|Society}}. |
</poem> | </poem> | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
Wild [[animals]] visited him in his [[caves]] and made friends with him, and his [[spirit]] went out in [[sympathy]] to [[all living beings]]. Thus he never felt lonely in his [[solitude]], and enjoyed the [[bliss]] of {{Wiki|emancipation}}, born out of the [[exalted]] [[vision]] of [[Dhyana]]. | Wild [[animals]] visited him in his [[caves]] and made friends with him, and his [[spirit]] went out in [[sympathy]] to [[all living beings]]. Thus he never felt lonely in his [[solitude]], and enjoyed the [[bliss]] of {{Wiki|emancipation}}, born out of the [[exalted]] [[vision]] of [[Dhyana]]. | ||
− | One day a herdsman in search of new grazing ground had lost his way in the inaccessible wilderness of rocks high above the valley when he heard the rhythmic beats of a [[hand-drum]] used by [[lamas]] mingled with the silvery [[sound]] of a [[ritual | + | One day a herdsman in search of new grazing ground had lost his way in the inaccessible wilderness of rocks high above the valley when he heard the rhythmic beats of a [[hand-drum]] used by [[lamas]] mingled with the silvery [[sound]] of a [[ritual bell]]. At first he did not believe his [[ears]], because he could not [[imagine]] that any [[human being]] could [[exist]] in this forbidding place. |
Torn between {{Wiki|fear}} and {{Wiki|curiosity}}, he followed the [[sound]], as if drawn by the {{Wiki|irresistible}} force of a magnet, and soon he saw the figure of a [[hermit]], seated before a {{Wiki|cave}}, deeply absorbed in his devotional practice. The [[hermits]] face was [[serene]], lit up with the [[fire]] of inspiration and [[devotion]]. The herdsman immediately lost all {{Wiki|fear}}, and after the [[hermit]] had finished his invocations he confidently approached the [[Lama]] and asked for his [[blessing]]. | Torn between {{Wiki|fear}} and {{Wiki|curiosity}}, he followed the [[sound]], as if drawn by the {{Wiki|irresistible}} force of a magnet, and soon he saw the figure of a [[hermit]], seated before a {{Wiki|cave}}, deeply absorbed in his devotional practice. The [[hermits]] face was [[serene]], lit up with the [[fire]] of inspiration and [[devotion]]. The herdsman immediately lost all {{Wiki|fear}}, and after the [[hermit]] had finished his invocations he confidently approached the [[Lama]] and asked for his [[blessing]]. | ||
Line 71: | Line 71: | ||
These [[people]] at first could hardly believe the news, and when the herdsman led some of them to the hermit's {{Wiki|cave}} they were {{Wiki|wonder}} struck. How could any [[human being]] live in this almost inaccessible mountain fastness? Certainly only a [[hermit]] endowed with superhuman [[yogic]] [[powers]] could survive under such [[conditions]]. | These [[people]] at first could hardly believe the news, and when the herdsman led some of them to the hermit's {{Wiki|cave}} they were {{Wiki|wonder}} struck. How could any [[human being]] live in this almost inaccessible mountain fastness? Certainly only a [[hermit]] endowed with superhuman [[yogic]] [[powers]] could survive under such [[conditions]]. | ||
− | The [[people]] threw themselves at the feet of the Hermit-Lama, and when he blessed them they felt as if their whole being was [[transformed]] into a vessel of [[peace]] and [[happiness]]. it gave them a foretaste of what every [[human being]] can attain to when he realizes the dormant [[powers]] of {{Wiki|light}}, which are [[Wikipedia:burial|buried]] like [[seeds]] deep within the [[soul]]. | + | The [[people]] threw themselves at the feet of the [[Hermit-Lama]], and when he blessed them they felt as if their whole being was [[transformed]] into a vessel of [[peace]] and [[happiness]]. it gave them a foretaste of what every [[human being]] can attain to when he realizes the dormant [[powers]] of {{Wiki|light}}, which are [[Wikipedia:burial|buried]] like [[seeds]] deep within the [[soul]]. |
+ | |||
+ | [[Tomo Geshe Rimpoche]] - [[The Learned Jewel of the Wheat Valley]] | ||
− | |||
The [[people]] of the valley implored the [[Lama]] to settle among them for the [[benefit]] of all who needed his help. The [[hermit]] knew that the hour had come for him to return to the [[world]] of men, and true to his [[Bodhisattva vow]] he renounced the [[bliss]] of [[solitude]] for the {{Wiki|welfare}} of the many. | The [[people]] of the valley implored the [[Lama]] to settle among them for the [[benefit]] of all who needed his help. The [[hermit]] knew that the hour had come for him to return to the [[world]] of men, and true to his [[Bodhisattva vow]] he renounced the [[bliss]] of [[solitude]] for the {{Wiki|welfare}} of the many. | ||
− | There was a very small and poor [[monastery]] in the valley from which the [[people]] had come, situated on a steep hill with a rocky crest in the middle of a {{Wiki|fertile}} {{Wiki|wheat}} growing valley called Tomo ({{Wiki|wheat}}). This place was given to the Hermit-Lama, who from then on was known as [[Tomo Geshe Rimpoche]], 'The | + | There was a very small and poor [[monastery]] in the valley from which the [[people]] had come, situated on a steep hill with a rocky crest in the middle of a {{Wiki|fertile}} {{Wiki|wheat}} growing valley called Tomo ({{Wiki|wheat}}). This place was given to the [[Hermit-Lama]], who from then on was known as [[Tomo Geshe Rimpoche]], 'The [[Learned Jewel of the Wheat Valley]]'. |
− | Soon [[monks]] and [[laymen]] came from far and wide to learn at the feet of | + | Soon [[monks]] and [[laymen]] came from far and wide to learn at the feet of [[Tomo Geshe]], and in a very short [[time]] the [[monastery]] grew into an important place of study and {{Wiki|worship}}. In the great hall of the main [[temple]] [[Tomo Geshe]] erected a gigantic statue of [[Buddha Maitreya]], the [[Coming One]], as a [[symbol]] of the [[spiritual]] {{Wiki|future}} and [[rebirth]] of the [[Eternal]] [[Truth]] of the [[Dharma]], which is [[reincarnated]] in every [[Enlightened One]] and is to be rediscovered in every [[human]] [[heart]]. |
He erected [[statues]] of [[Maitreya]] in many other places and made the followers of the [[Buddha Dharma]] [[conscious]] of the fact that one must take active part in the shaping of the {{Wiki|future}}, and thus make it possible for the coming [[Buddha]] to appear in this [[world]] by preparing our [[minds]] for his {{Wiki|reception}}. | He erected [[statues]] of [[Maitreya]] in many other places and made the followers of the [[Buddha Dharma]] [[conscious]] of the fact that one must take active part in the shaping of the {{Wiki|future}}, and thus make it possible for the coming [[Buddha]] to appear in this [[world]] by preparing our [[minds]] for his {{Wiki|reception}}. | ||
− | In the midst of these [[activities]], the [[State Oracle | + | In the midst of these [[activities]], the [[State Oracle of Lhasa]] directed [[Tomo Geshe]] to make a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Chorten Nyima]], a place [[sacred]] to [[Padmasambhava]], who was the first to establish [[Buddhism]] in [[Tibet]]. |
− | [[Chorten | + | [[Chorten Nyima]] is situated in one of the [[highest]] parts of the {{Wiki|Tibetan plateau}} near the northern border of [[Sikkim]]. The place is wide and open, with snow peaks here and there piercing the deep blue sky. It is a place where [[heaven]] and [[earth]] meet on {{Wiki|equal}} terms, where the landscape has the vastness and rhythm of the open sea, and the sky the depth of [[universal]] [[space]]. it is a place where you [[feel]] near to the [[Wikipedia:astronomical objects|celestial bodies]], where {{Wiki|sun}} and [[moon]] are your neighbors and the {{Wiki|stars}} your friends. |
[[Vision]] {{Wiki|Projected}} into the Sky | [[Vision]] {{Wiki|Projected}} into the Sky | ||
+ | |||
And here it happened that those very [[Buddhas]] and [[Bodhisattva]], who inspired the {{Wiki|artists}} of [[Tsaparang]] (an [[ancient]] city of [[art]] and {{Wiki|culture}} in [[Tibet]]) and took [[visible]] shape through their hands, appeared again in [[visible form]] before the [[eyes]] of [[Tomo Geshe Rimpoche]]. They appeared against the dark blue sky, as if woven of {{Wiki|light}}, dazzling in all the colors of the [[rainbow]], while slowly moving from the eastern to the {{Wiki|western}} horizon. | And here it happened that those very [[Buddhas]] and [[Bodhisattva]], who inspired the {{Wiki|artists}} of [[Tsaparang]] (an [[ancient]] city of [[art]] and {{Wiki|culture}} in [[Tibet]]) and took [[visible]] shape through their hands, appeared again in [[visible form]] before the [[eyes]] of [[Tomo Geshe Rimpoche]]. They appeared against the dark blue sky, as if woven of {{Wiki|light}}, dazzling in all the colors of the [[rainbow]], while slowly moving from the eastern to the {{Wiki|western}} horizon. | ||
The [[vision]] was first seen by the [[Rimpoche]] alone, but just as a great artist is [[able]] to make his [[visions]] [[visible]] to others by recreating them in various materials, the [[Guru]], by the creative power of his [[mind]], made this wonderful [[vision]] [[visible]] to all who were {{Wiki|present}}. Not all of them were [[able]] to see the full extent of it, or to see it as completely as the [[Guru]]. It varied according to the capacity or receptivity of the {{Wiki|individual}} [[mind]]. | The [[vision]] was first seen by the [[Rimpoche]] alone, but just as a great artist is [[able]] to make his [[visions]] [[visible]] to others by recreating them in various materials, the [[Guru]], by the creative power of his [[mind]], made this wonderful [[vision]] [[visible]] to all who were {{Wiki|present}}. Not all of them were [[able]] to see the full extent of it, or to see it as completely as the [[Guru]]. It varied according to the capacity or receptivity of the {{Wiki|individual}} [[mind]]. | ||
− | It is not possible for anybody who was not {{Wiki|present}} to put into adequate words the [[sublime]] [[beauty]] and the profound effect of this [[vision]] upon the beholders. However in the [[Surangama Sutra]] we find the description of a similar event said to have taken place in the presence of [[Buddha Sakyamuni]] of which the {{Wiki|paraphrase}} may serve as the nearest approach to the [[vision]] of [[Chorten | + | It is not possible for anybody who was not {{Wiki|present}} to put into adequate words the [[sublime]] [[beauty]] and the profound effect of this [[vision]] upon the beholders. However in the [[Surangama Sutra]] we find the description of a similar event said to have taken place in the presence of [[Buddha Sakyamuni]] of which the {{Wiki|paraphrase}} may serve as the nearest approach to the [[vision]] of [[Chorten Nyima]]. |
'The [[Blessed Lord]], sitting upon the [[throne]] in the midst of [[Buddhas]] and [[Bodhisattvas]] from all the ten quarters of the [[universe]], [[manifested]] his [[transcendental]] glory, surpassing them all. From his hands and feet and [[body]] radiated supernal beams of {{Wiki|light}} that rested upon the {{Wiki|crown}} of each [[Buddha]] and [[Bodhisattva]] assembled here. | 'The [[Blessed Lord]], sitting upon the [[throne]] in the midst of [[Buddhas]] and [[Bodhisattvas]] from all the ten quarters of the [[universe]], [[manifested]] his [[transcendental]] glory, surpassing them all. From his hands and feet and [[body]] radiated supernal beams of {{Wiki|light}} that rested upon the {{Wiki|crown}} of each [[Buddha]] and [[Bodhisattva]] assembled here. | ||
Line 103: | Line 105: | ||
Moreover, all the differentiations of [[mountains]] and waters and rocks and [[plants]], and all that makes up our common [[world]], blended into one another and faded away, leaving only the [[indescribable]] [[experience]] of [[primordial]] {{Wiki|unity}} - not dull and inert, but vibrant with rhythmic [[life]] and {{Wiki|light}}, with [[celestial]] {{Wiki|sounds}} of songs and harmonies, melodious rising and falling and merging and then fading away into [[silence]].' | Moreover, all the differentiations of [[mountains]] and waters and rocks and [[plants]], and all that makes up our common [[world]], blended into one another and faded away, leaving only the [[indescribable]] [[experience]] of [[primordial]] {{Wiki|unity}} - not dull and inert, but vibrant with rhythmic [[life]] and {{Wiki|light}}, with [[celestial]] {{Wiki|sounds}} of songs and harmonies, melodious rising and falling and merging and then fading away into [[silence]].' | ||
− | After the party had returned to [[Dungkar | + | After the party had returned to [[Dungkar Gompa]] each of the eyewitnesses described what he had seen, and from the combined records, with the final sanction of the [[Guru]] (who reluctantly gave in to the wishes of his [[disciples]] to have the scene recorded in the [[form]] of a fresco), the painting was [[consciously]] executed. |
− | One of the last witnesses of this memorable incident is the {{Wiki|present}} [[abbot]] of [[Dungkar | + | One of the last witnesses of this memorable incident is the {{Wiki|present}} [[abbot]] of [[Dungkar Gompa]]. He explained every detail of the painting, while relating his own [[experiences]] of this [[pilgrimage]]. He pointed out what he had seen with his own [[eyes]], and also what he had not been [[able]] to see, but what apparently had been [[visible]] to others. He also mentioned the strange fact that the [[vision]] had remained [[visible]] for hours, so that all who saw it could observe and point out to each other the minutest details. |
− | This [[vision]] had far reaching effects upon | + | This [[vision]] had far reaching effects upon [[Tomo Geshe]] as well as upon his [[disciples]]. it invested him with that {{Wiki|superior}} authority which in [[Tibet]] is ascribed only to [[Tulkus]], i.e. those in whom the [[Bodhisattva]] [[spirit]], or the {{Wiki|ideal}} of [[Buddhahood]], has taken [[root]], so that they have become its living embodiments. They have the power to direct their {{Wiki|future}} [[rebirths]] according to the needs of their fellow men. |
And from now on [[Tomo Geshe]] [[conceived]] the [[idea]] to bring the teachings of the [[Enlightened Ones]] not only to the [[people]] of his own country but to the [[world]] at large, irrespective of race, [[caste]], {{Wiki|color}}, or [[creed]]. | And from now on [[Tomo Geshe]] [[conceived]] the [[idea]] to bring the teachings of the [[Enlightened Ones]] not only to the [[people]] of his own country but to the [[world]] at large, irrespective of race, [[caste]], {{Wiki|color}}, or [[creed]]. | ||
Line 122: | Line 124: | ||
[[Countless]] tales are told throughout [[Tibet]] about [[extraordinary]] proofs of [[memory]] from previous [[lives]] and wonders worked by young [[tulkus]] to testify their [[Wikipedia:Identity (social science)|identity]]. I could relate dozens of them, but I prefer to confine myself to the [[relation]] of facts connected with [[people]] whom I have personally known. | [[Countless]] tales are told throughout [[Tibet]] about [[extraordinary]] proofs of [[memory]] from previous [[lives]] and wonders worked by young [[tulkus]] to testify their [[Wikipedia:Identity (social science)|identity]]. I could relate dozens of them, but I prefer to confine myself to the [[relation]] of facts connected with [[people]] whom I have personally known. | ||
− | Next to the mansion of the | + | Next to the mansion of the [[Pegyai Lama]], in which I lived at [[Kum-Bum]], was the dwelling of a minor [[tulku]] called [[Agnai Tsang]]. Seven years had elapsed since the [[death]] of the last [[master]] of the place and none had been [[able]] to discover the child in whom he had [[reincarnated]]. I do not think that the caretaker of the [[lama's]] household felt greatly afflicted by that circumstance. He managed the estate and seemed rather [[prosperous]]. |
Search for the [[Tulku]] | Search for the [[Tulku]] | ||
Now it happened that in the course of a trading tour he felt thirsty and entered a farm to rest and drink. While the housewife made tea the visiting caretaker drew a [[jade]] snuff box from his pocket and was about to take a pinch of snuff when a little boy who had been playing in a corner of the room stopped him and putting his small hand on the box asked reproachfully: "Why do you use my snuff box?" | Now it happened that in the course of a trading tour he felt thirsty and entered a farm to rest and drink. While the housewife made tea the visiting caretaker drew a [[jade]] snuff box from his pocket and was about to take a pinch of snuff when a little boy who had been playing in a corner of the room stopped him and putting his small hand on the box asked reproachfully: "Why do you use my snuff box?" | ||
− | The steward was thunderstruck. Truly the [[precious]] snuff box was not his, but belonged to the departed | + | The steward was thunderstruck. Truly the [[precious]] snuff box was not his, but belonged to the departed [[Agnai Tsang]], and though he had not perhaps exactly intended to steal it, yet he had taken possession of it. He remained there trembling while the boy looked at him as his face suddenly became grave and stern, with no longer anything childish about it. "Give it back to me at once, it is mine," he said again. |
Stung with [[remorse]], and at the same [[time]] terrified and bewildered, the {{Wiki|superstitious}} [[monk]] could only fall on his knees and [[prostrate]] himself before his [[reincarnated]] [[master]]. | Stung with [[remorse]], and at the same [[time]] terrified and bewildered, the {{Wiki|superstitious}} [[monk]] could only fall on his knees and [[prostrate]] himself before his [[reincarnated]] [[master]]. | ||
Line 141: | Line 143: | ||
"I did not know of the [[existence]] of that cup," the steward told me later on. "The [[lama]] himself, or my predecessor, must have put it in the box which did not contain anything else [[precious]] and had not been opened for years." | "I did not know of the [[existence]] of that cup," the steward told me later on. "The [[lama]] himself, or my predecessor, must have put it in the box which did not contain anything else [[precious]] and had not been opened for years." | ||
− | From: [[Magic | + | From: [[Magic and Mystery in Tibet]], by [[Alexandra David-Neel]] |
Ornamental Detail from Column in [[Pelkor Chode Monastery]] | Ornamental Detail from Column in [[Pelkor Chode Monastery]] | ||
Line 155: | Line 157: | ||
They have not yet lost the capacity to {{Wiki|communicate}} with the [[powers]] of their depth [[consciousness]] or to understand their [[language]], as revealed through [[dreams]] or other [[phenomena]]. One day [[Namgyal]] came and told us that he had seen in a [[dream]] a [[rainbow]] over our bungalow and that this could only mean a [[lucky]] event, like the arrival of some saintly [[person]]. And, indeed, the next day a [[Lama]] arrived and put up in a little outhouse belonging to our compound. We only saw him from a distance, while dismounting from his [[horse]]; and both the man as well as the [[horse]] seemed tired from a long journey. The [[Lama's]] [[robes]] were old and worn and the [[horse]] was limping and half [[blind]]. We were told that the [[Lama]] returned from a long [[pilgrimage]] and would have to stay here until the passes were open. | They have not yet lost the capacity to {{Wiki|communicate}} with the [[powers]] of their depth [[consciousness]] or to understand their [[language]], as revealed through [[dreams]] or other [[phenomena]]. One day [[Namgyal]] came and told us that he had seen in a [[dream]] a [[rainbow]] over our bungalow and that this could only mean a [[lucky]] event, like the arrival of some saintly [[person]]. And, indeed, the next day a [[Lama]] arrived and put up in a little outhouse belonging to our compound. We only saw him from a distance, while dismounting from his [[horse]]; and both the man as well as the [[horse]] seemed tired from a long journey. The [[Lama's]] [[robes]] were old and worn and the [[horse]] was limping and half [[blind]]. We were told that the [[Lama]] returned from a long [[pilgrimage]] and would have to stay here until the passes were open. | ||
− | Since the weather was cold and cloudy, we had remained in our room, but the following day the [[Lama]] himself called on us accompanied by [[Namgyal]]. How great was our [[joy]] and surprise when we [[recognized]] the [[Lama]] as our good old [[Abbot]] | + | Since the weather was cold and cloudy, we had remained in our room, but the following day the [[Lama]] himself called on us accompanied by [[Namgyal]]. How great was our [[joy]] and surprise when we [[recognized]] the [[Lama]] as our good old [[Abbot of Phiyang]] of whom we had taken tender farewells at [[Tsaparang]], not expecting ever to meet him again. We had regretted this all the more, as we felt that here was a man from whom we could learn a great deal, especially in the field of [[meditational]] practice, and we felt almost cheated by [[fate]] that we should lose this rare opportunity the very moment it came our way. |
− | Whether | + | Whether [[Phiyang Lama]] had foreseen that we were destined to meet again or not, one thing is sure: he had read our [[thoughts]] at that [[time]], because now, before we could even mention our secret wish, he [[offered]] to instruct us in the most advanced methods of [[Tantric]] [[Sadhana]] and [[Yoga]] practices. |
As our room was not only bigger but warmer than Phiyang [[Lama's]], since we kept a big [[fire]] going the whole day, thanks to Sherab's untiring [[concern]] for our well being, Phiyang [[Lama]] came daily with [[Namgyal]] (who thus became our Guru-bhai (fellow [[disciple]]) to instruct us and discuss our problems. it was a most [[fruitful]] [[time]], because never was a [[teacher]] more eager to give from the [[wealth]] of his own [[experience]] than this new [[Guru]] of ours, who thus continued the good work of Tomo [[Geshe]] and Ajo [[Rimpoche]], for which we shall remember him with deep [[gratitude]]. | As our room was not only bigger but warmer than Phiyang [[Lama's]], since we kept a big [[fire]] going the whole day, thanks to Sherab's untiring [[concern]] for our well being, Phiyang [[Lama]] came daily with [[Namgyal]] (who thus became our Guru-bhai (fellow [[disciple]]) to instruct us and discuss our problems. it was a most [[fruitful]] [[time]], because never was a [[teacher]] more eager to give from the [[wealth]] of his own [[experience]] than this new [[Guru]] of ours, who thus continued the good work of Tomo [[Geshe]] and Ajo [[Rimpoche]], for which we shall remember him with deep [[gratitude]]. | ||
− | When the news of | + | When the news of [[Phiyang Lama's]] arrival and continued stay spread among the Poopas, many came to receive his [[blessings]] and finally the villagers requested him to perform a [[Tsewang]] for the whole {{Wiki|community}}. The {{Wiki|ceremony}} was to take place in the spacious courtyard between [[Phiyang Lama's]] quarters and our bungalow. A few days before the great {{Wiki|ceremony}} he retired to his room - much to our [[regret]], as we missed our daily meetings - though we understood that he required some [[time]] of [[solitude]] and intense [[concentration]] in order to prepare himself and to call up those forces which he wanted to {{Wiki|communicate}} to others. But then it seemed to us that another [[Lama]] had joined him, probably to assist him in the forthcoming [[ritual]], because we heard another {{Wiki|voice}} much deeper than his own from [[time]] to [[time]] coming from his room. The long and sonorous recitations of the new {{Wiki|voice}} were sometimes interrupted by [[Phiyang Lama's]] {{Wiki|voice}}, but neither he nor the other [[Lama]] were ever seen outside. We were greatly intrigued as to who the new [[Lama]] could be, but nobody could give us any [[information]]. |
[[Spiritual]] preparation | [[Spiritual]] preparation | ||
− | So, one or two days later, while passing [[Phiyang Lama's]] door, we heard again the {{Wiki|voice}} of the other [[Lama]], and since the door was wide open, we glanced inside. To our surprise we saw no other [[person]] in the room but only | + | So, one or two days later, while passing [[Phiyang Lama's]] door, we heard again the {{Wiki|voice}} of the other [[Lama]], and since the door was wide open, we glanced inside. To our surprise we saw no other [[person]] in the room but only [[Phiyang Lama]]. He seemed oblivious to our presence, and the strange {{Wiki|voice}} came out of him so deep and sonorous, as if another [[person]] was {{Wiki|speaking}} through him. We quickly withdrew from the door. |
− | When the great day came, a high [[throne]] was erected in the courtyard between our bungalow and the outhouse. The [[throne]] stood against a high revetment wall, covered with a decorative cloth curtain, while the courtyard was festively decorated with the multicoloured bunting and streamers. | + | When the great day came, a high [[throne]] was erected in the courtyard between our bungalow and the outhouse. The [[throne]] stood against a high revetment wall, covered with a decorative cloth curtain, while the courtyard was festively decorated with the multicoloured bunting and streamers. [[Phiyang lama]] in the full regalia of an [[abbot]] was seated on the [[throne]], his head covered with the tall red cap worn by the [[Nyingma]] and [[Kargyutpa Orders]], to which he originally belonged, though being now the head of a [[Sakya]] [[Gompa]]. Nobody would have [[recognized]] in him the poor old [[pilgrim]], who might have been taken as a {{Wiki|mendicant}} friar on the day of his arrival. the man on the [[throne]] had the bearing of a [[king]] and the {{Wiki|voice}} of a [[lion]]. |
+ | |||
+ | His face was that of an inspired prophet, and every gesture expressed [[dignity]] and power. Whoever was {{Wiki|present}} could [[feel]] that here was a man who not merely implored or invoked some unseen power, but one who had become that power, by having generated or focalized it within himself in a state of complete and sustained [[absorption]] and [[oneness]] with a particular aspect of [[transcendental]] [[reality]]. He had become the very [[embodiment]] of [[Tsepame]], the [[Buddha of Infinite Life]]. His [[vision]] had become [[visible]] and communicable to all who attended the [[ritual]], which held everybody spellbound and in a state of [[spiritual]] {{Wikidictionary|elation}}. The rhythm of [[mantric]] incantations and [[mystic]] gestures was like the {{Wiki|weaving}} of a [[magic]] net, in which the audience was drawn together towards an {{Wiki|invisible}} center. The [[sense]] of participation was heightened when everybody received [[Tsepame's]] [[blessings]] with a few drops of [[consecrated]] [[water]] and a small [[tse-ril]], a red [[consecrated]] pill of sweetened [[tsampa]] (grain) representing the Wine and Bread of [[Life]]. | ||
It was the most beautiful eucharistic [[rite]] we had ever witnessed, because it was performed by a man who had truly given his own {{Wiki|blood}} and flesh, sacrificed his own [[personality]], in order to make it a vessel of [[divine]] forces. | It was the most beautiful eucharistic [[rite]] we had ever witnessed, because it was performed by a man who had truly given his own {{Wiki|blood}} and flesh, sacrificed his own [[personality]], in order to make it a vessel of [[divine]] forces. | ||
Line 178: | Line 182: | ||
A [[Lama's]] Remarkable Power | A [[Lama's]] Remarkable Power | ||
− | The next story is an excerpt from the {{Wiki|biography}}: [[Tibet's]] Great [[Yogi]], [[Milarepa]] (W.Y. {{Wiki|Evans-Wentz}} editor). The incidents of the story took place almost a thousand years ago. As a child [[Milarepa]] was sent away by his mother to learn the black [[arts]] so that he might avenge the [[actions]] of their {{Wiki|cruel}} relatives who had cheated them out of the family inheritance and treated them miserably. The {{Wiki|sincere}} and devoted [[Milarepa]] becomes a {{Wiki|proficient}} sorcerer, {{Wiki|learning}} to call on the [[tutelary deities]] through [[magic]] [[rites]] in order to invoke their [[powers]] at controlling the [[elements]]. So well does he learn his [[art]] that almost the entire {{Wiki|clan}} of heartless relatives is wiped out. | + | The next story is an excerpt from the {{Wiki|biography}}: [[Tibet's]] Great [[Yogi]], [[Milarepa]] (W.Y. {{Wiki|Evans-Wentz}} editor). The incidents of the story took place almost a thousand years ago. As a child [[Milarepa]] was sent away by his mother to learn the black [[arts]] so that he might avenge the [[actions]] of their {{Wiki|cruel}} relatives who had cheated them out of the family inheritance and treated them miserably. The {{Wiki|sincere}} and devoted [[Milarepa]] becomes a {{Wiki|proficient}} sorcerer, {{Wiki|learning}} to call on the [[tutelary deities]] through [[magic]] [[rites]] in order to invoke their [[powers]] at controlling the [[elements]]. So well does he learn his [[art]] that almost the entire {{Wiki|clan}} of heartless relatives is wiped out. [[[Milarepa]] is devastated by the [[evil]] and [[suffering]] he has [[caused]] and sets out to find a [[teacher]] who can set him on the [[path]] to {{Wiki|salvation}}. Eventually he finds his way to his destined [[teacher]], [[Marpa the Translator]], who brought to [[Tibet]] the [[sacred]] [[teachings of the Buddha]] in three arduous trips to [[India]]. |
− | [[Marpa]] put [[Milarepa]] through immense [[physical]] and [[psychic]] trials over a period of years in order to {{Wiki|purify}} him and lessen his load of [[karma]] which he had heaped up unwittingly as a young sorcerer. But after years of having his [[Wikipedia:Hope|hopes]] for [[initiation]] crushed, [[Milarepa]] finally concludes (wrongly) that [[Marpa]] will never give him the teachings he so earnestly wants so that he may escape a hellish [[purgatory]] for his [[evil]] [[deeds]]. So he sets out to find another [[teacher]] who will impart the [[mystic]] teachings that will enable him to obtain [[liberation]] in this very [[lifetime]]. At his first encounter with his new [[guru]], [[Lama]] | + | [[Marpa]] put [[Milarepa]] through immense [[physical]] and [[psychic]] trials over a period of years in order to {{Wiki|purify}} him and lessen his load of [[karma]] which he had heaped up unwittingly as a young sorcerer. But after years of having his [[Wikipedia:Hope|hopes]] for [[initiation]] crushed, [[Milarepa]] finally concludes (wrongly) that [[Marpa]] will never give him the teachings he so earnestly wants so that he may escape a hellish [[purgatory]] for his [[evil]] [[deeds]]. So he sets out to find another [[teacher]] who will impart the [[mystic]] teachings that will enable him to obtain [[liberation]] in this very [[lifetime]]. At his first encounter with his new [[guru]], [[Lama Ngogpa]], the [[Lama]] is impressed with his young [[disciple]] because of certain {{Wiki|omens}} pointing to the [[exceptional]] {{Wiki|future}} in store for [[Milarepa]]. |
− | [[Lama]] | + | [[Lama Ngogpa]] said that he would surely give me the [[Initiation]] and the [[Consecration]] (as requested by [[Milarepa]]). He had been [[thinking]] of sending for me, but now that I was come myself, it was very good, indeed, and due to the [[Lama]] ([[Marpa's]]) benediction and grace. He said further, "I have a number of pupils who come from [[Kham]], [[Tagpo]], [[Kongpo]], and [[Yarlung]], but on their way hither, through depredations of those lawless {{Wiki|folk}}, the [[Yepo]] and [[Yemo]], of [[Dol]], they are stripped of the scanty store of gear with which they set out for this place in order to pursue their studies. I therefore request thee to go and punish those lawless {{Wiki|folk}} by launching a hail storm upon their lands. When thou has done that, I will bestow upon thee the [[Initiation]] and [[Consecration]] thou desirest." |
I now [[bitterly]] repented the [[fate]] that had put such as accursed power into my hands, making me the means of wreaking vengeance by doing {{Wiki|hurt}} to [[life]] and property. I had come here in search of the Saving [[Truth]], and here I was again being asked to work harm and do an [[evil]] [[deed]]. If I refused, I should be disobeying a [[Guru]], or at least, one whom I intended to take for my [[Guru]] - almost as heinous a [[sin]] as to refuse to obey an actual [[Guru]]; and, in addition, I should lose all opportunity of obtaining the Teachings. And so I decided that I must go, that I had no choice. | I now [[bitterly]] repented the [[fate]] that had put such as accursed power into my hands, making me the means of wreaking vengeance by doing {{Wiki|hurt}} to [[life]] and property. I had come here in search of the Saving [[Truth]], and here I was again being asked to work harm and do an [[evil]] [[deed]]. If I refused, I should be disobeying a [[Guru]], or at least, one whom I intended to take for my [[Guru]] - almost as heinous a [[sin]] as to refuse to obey an actual [[Guru]]; and, in addition, I should lose all opportunity of obtaining the Teachings. And so I decided that I must go, that I had no choice. | ||
Line 193: | Line 197: | ||
When the storm was over, on going out to look at the country, I saw the slopes above the valley all furrowed into ravines, the erstwhile luxuriant fields utterly laid waste, all except the old woman's field, which was quite fresh and green. But the corner of the field, corresponding to the corner of the plan which, protruding beyond the covering pan, had been devastated by [[wind]], was damaged by the hail and flooded with [[water]]. Ever afterward, this field escaped any hail storm which visited that neighborhood. | When the storm was over, on going out to look at the country, I saw the slopes above the valley all furrowed into ravines, the erstwhile luxuriant fields utterly laid waste, all except the old woman's field, which was quite fresh and green. But the corner of the field, corresponding to the corner of the plan which, protruding beyond the covering pan, had been devastated by [[wind]], was damaged by the hail and flooded with [[water]]. Ever afterward, this field escaped any hail storm which visited that neighborhood. | ||
− | On my way back to my new [[Guru]], I met an old shepherd and his child who had lost their herds in the flood. By them I sent [[word]] to the [[people]] of the countryside, enjoining them to refrain thenceforth from ill-treating or robbing [[Lama]] Ngogpa's [[disciples]] or {{Wiki|adherents}}, on [[pain]] of being visited constantly by similar hail storms, thus revealing to them who had [[caused]] the destruction. After this, the [[people]] of those two places were so profoundly impressed with the [[phenomenal]] power of [[Lama]] | + | On my way back to my new [[Guru]], I met an old shepherd and his child who had lost their herds in the flood. By them I sent [[word]] to the [[people]] of the countryside, enjoining them to refrain thenceforth from ill-treating or robbing [[Lama]] Ngogpa's [[disciples]] or {{Wiki|adherents}}, on [[pain]] of being visited constantly by similar hail storms, thus revealing to them who had [[caused]] the destruction. After this, the [[people]] of those two places were so profoundly impressed with the [[phenomenal]] power of [[Lama Ngogpa]] that they became his devoted followers and faithfully served him. |
− | As I came along the way, I picked up some [[dead]] birds, which I found all by themselves under a bramble bush, and numbers of other birds, and some rats, which I found [[dead]] on the road, until I had my cap and the lap of my robe full. These I laid in a heap before [[Lama]] | + | As I came along the way, I picked up some [[dead]] birds, which I found all by themselves under a bramble bush, and numbers of other birds, and some rats, which I found [[dead]] on the road, until I had my cap and the lap of my robe full. These I laid in a heap before [[Lama Ngogpa]], and appealed to him thus: "O [[Reverend Teacher]], I came here expecting to find the {{Wiki|Holy}} [[Doctrine]], but have been compelled to heap up [[sin]] upon [[sin]]. Have [[pity]] on such a terrible sinner!" and I burst into [[bitter]] {{Wiki|tears}}. |
To this the [[Lama]] replied, "Be not despairing; there is no [[cause]] whatsoever for such abject {{Wiki|fear}}. We, the followers of [[Naropa]] and [[Maitri]], possess those [[Truths]] which can save the greatest of sinners in the twinkling of an [[eye]] - just as one single stone from a sling serveth to frighten a hundred birds simultaneously. All those [[sentient]] creatures, and these birds and {{Wiki|beasts}} which have been killed on this occasion by the hail storm shall be born again (in far {{Wiki|future}} [[lives]]) as thy foremost [[disciples]] when thou shalt attain to [[Buddhahood]]. Till that [[time]] cometh I shall put forth my power so as to prevent their falling into [[Hell]] or degenerating into lower states of being. Therefore, be at ease. But if thou still [[doubt]], let me prove the [[truth]] of what I say, thus." For a few moments, he sat [[silent]] with closed [[eyes]], then he snapped his fingers. In a thrice, all the [[dead]] birds and rats which I had collected revived, and made off to their several nests and holes. I now [[perceived]] that the [[Lama]] himself was a [[Buddha]]. How delightful! How blissful! I should have rejoiced had many more creatures enjoyed the privilege of dying on such an occasion. | To this the [[Lama]] replied, "Be not despairing; there is no [[cause]] whatsoever for such abject {{Wiki|fear}}. We, the followers of [[Naropa]] and [[Maitri]], possess those [[Truths]] which can save the greatest of sinners in the twinkling of an [[eye]] - just as one single stone from a sling serveth to frighten a hundred birds simultaneously. All those [[sentient]] creatures, and these birds and {{Wiki|beasts}} which have been killed on this occasion by the hail storm shall be born again (in far {{Wiki|future}} [[lives]]) as thy foremost [[disciples]] when thou shalt attain to [[Buddhahood]]. Till that [[time]] cometh I shall put forth my power so as to prevent their falling into [[Hell]] or degenerating into lower states of being. Therefore, be at ease. But if thou still [[doubt]], let me prove the [[truth]] of what I say, thus." For a few moments, he sat [[silent]] with closed [[eyes]], then he snapped his fingers. In a thrice, all the [[dead]] birds and rats which I had collected revived, and made off to their several nests and holes. I now [[perceived]] that the [[Lama]] himself was a [[Buddha]]. How delightful! How blissful! I should have rejoiced had many more creatures enjoyed the privilege of dying on such an occasion. | ||
Line 202: | Line 206: | ||
Postscript - [[Tibet]] Irreversibly Changed | Postscript - [[Tibet]] Irreversibly Changed | ||
− | In 1950 [[Mao Tse Tung's]] [[Red Chinese Army]] invaded [[Tibet]]. The {{Wiki|propaganda}} given to the {{Wiki|Chinese}} citizenry at the [[time]] to explain this was that the {{Wiki|Chinese}} were generously helping their "backward" brethren to the [[north]] to modernize their country. Never [[mind]] that the [[Tibetans]] wanted only to be left alone in isolation as they had been for centuries. What the {{Wiki|Chinese}} soldiers saw in [[Tibet]], they felt to be a flagrant {{Wiki|violation}} of {{Wiki|communist}} {{Wiki|principles}}. They saw the lamaseries wherein, according to their interpretation, a few well to do [[lamas]] were being kept by thousands of [[monks]] living in {{Wiki|poverty}} and supporting the "upper class" of [[monastic authorities]]. In addition, the [[teaching]] of the powerful {{Wiki|Chinese}} dictator {{Wiki|Mao Tse Tung}} was that "[[religion]] is [[poison]]" and the enemy of socialist ideology. Therefore the soldiers felt a powerful [[urge]] to {{Wiki|liberate}} the [[Tibetan people]] by obliterating to the greatest extent possible the [[monastic]] [[life]] around which [[Tibetan]] {{Wiki|society}} revolved. The {{Wiki|Chinese}} {{Wiki|army}} systematically destroyed almost every single [[monastery]] in the country. Of the 6,259 [[monasteries]] in [[Tibet]] before the {{Wiki|Chinese}} {{Wiki|occupation}}, only eight remained in 1976. In order to highlight their [[attitude]] toward [[religion]], the {{Wiki|Chinese}} went to great lengths to humiliate and ridicule [[Tibetan]] {{Wiki|culture}}. Thousands of [[ancient]] [[Buddhist]] frescoes were destroyed, [[religious]] [[books]] and scrolls were burned, the ashes mixed with manure. The [[sacred]] stones carved with the [[prayer]] "[[Om Mani Padme Hum]]" were used for pavement and to make latrines. The shells of destroyed [[monasteries]] and [[temples]] were turned into shelters for barnyard [[animals]]. Statuary, [[jewels]], {{Wiki|gold}} encrusted [[buddhas]], etc were shipped off to [[China]] to be melted down or sold. [[The Dalai Lama]] and a retinue of [[Tibetans]] fled over the border into neighboring [[India]] to set up a government in exile. | + | In 1950 [[Mao Tse Tung's]] [[Red Chinese Army]] invaded [[Tibet]]. The {{Wiki|propaganda}} given to the {{Wiki|Chinese}} citizenry at the [[time]] to explain this was that the {{Wiki|Chinese}} were generously helping their "backward" brethren to the [[north]] to modernize their country. Never [[mind]] that the [[Tibetans]] wanted only to be left alone in isolation as they had been for centuries. What the {{Wiki|Chinese}} soldiers saw in [[Tibet]], they felt to be a flagrant {{Wiki|violation}} of {{Wiki|communist}} {{Wiki|principles}}. They saw the lamaseries wherein, according to their interpretation, a few well to do [[lamas]] were being kept by thousands of [[monks]] living in {{Wiki|poverty}} and supporting the "upper class" of [[monastic authorities]]. In addition, the [[teaching]] of the powerful {{Wiki|Chinese}} dictator {{Wiki|Mao Tse Tung}} was that "[[religion]] is [[poison]]" and the enemy of socialist ideology. |
+ | |||
+ | Therefore the soldiers felt a powerful [[urge]] to {{Wiki|liberate}} the [[Tibetan people]] by obliterating to the greatest extent possible the [[monastic]] [[life]] around which [[Tibetan]] {{Wiki|society}} revolved. The {{Wiki|Chinese}} {{Wiki|army}} systematically destroyed almost every single [[monastery]] in the country. Of the 6,259 [[monasteries]] in [[Tibet]] before the {{Wiki|Chinese}} {{Wiki|occupation}}, only eight remained in 1976. In order to highlight their [[attitude]] toward [[religion]], the {{Wiki|Chinese}} went to great lengths to humiliate and ridicule [[Tibetan]] {{Wiki|culture}}. Thousands of [[ancient]] [[Buddhist]] frescoes were destroyed, [[religious]] [[books]] and scrolls were burned, the ashes mixed with manure. The [[sacred]] stones carved with the [[prayer]] "[[Om Mani Padme Hum]]" were used for pavement and to make latrines. The shells of destroyed [[monasteries]] and [[temples]] were turned into shelters for barnyard [[animals]]. Statuary, [[jewels]], {{Wiki|gold}} encrusted [[buddhas]], etc were shipped off to [[China]] to be melted down or sold. [[The Dalai Lama]] and a retinue of [[Tibetans]] fled over the border into neighboring [[India]] to set up a government in exile. | ||
+ | |||
+ | By 1972, 1.2 million [[Tibetans]] had [[died]] as a result of the invasion. The resources of [[Tibet]] - forests, [[animal]] [[life]], oil, {{Wiki|minerals}}, etc have been looted away by the {{Wiki|Chinese}} and used, not for modernizing [[Tibet]], but for their own country's economic [[development]]. [[China]] provides incentives for its own citizens to relocate to [[Tibet]] to dilute the remaining [[Tibetan]] population and to further substantiate the {{Wiki|Chinese}} claim over [[Tibet]]. [[China]] closely controls the media in [[Tibet]] and does not permit any free expression on the part of [[Tibetans]] who have chosen to remain in their own country. Forced [[birth control]] of [[Tibetans]] has been practiced to make the population further dwindle. [[Tibetans]] are treated as second class citizens and are not allowed to outwardly practice their [[religion]]. | ||
− | + | It is illegal to even show a picture of the [[Dalai Lama]] either in public or in private. Any kind of protests draw a swift and severe response resulting in beatings, imprisonment, torture, and even execution. {{Wiki|Chinese}} have cultivated a network of spies and surveilance devices so that [[Tibetans]] have great {{Wiki|fear}} even {{Wiki|speaking}} their [[thoughts]] in private, much less to visitors from other countries. However according to the {{Wiki|Chinese}} statements to the outside [[world]], [[Tibetans]] are [[happy]], allowed to practice their [[religion]], and [[China]] is assisting in the [[development]] and [[education]] of [[Tibetans]]. This is the false picture the {{Wiki|Chinese government}} attempts to {{Wiki|present}} to the [[world]]. The {{Wiki|communist}} government of [[China]] is fiercely defensive of any [[criticism]] of {{Wiki|Chinese}} abuses in [[Tibet]] calling them "an intrusion into {{Wiki|Chinese}} internal affairs". This oppression and {{Wiki|cultural}} genocide continues to this day (written November, 2001). | |
</poem> | </poem> | ||
{{R}} | {{R}} | ||
[http://www.cosmicharmony.com/Tibet/TibetBefore.htm www.cosmicharmony.com] | [http://www.cosmicharmony.com/Tibet/TibetBefore.htm www.cosmicharmony.com] | ||
[[Category:Gelugpa Masters]] | [[Category:Gelugpa Masters]] |
Revision as of 11:17, 14 December 2014
Kyabje Domo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Kalsang
1866—1936
Kyabje Domo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Kalsang, the legendary figure whose previous incarnations include Shariputra, the Mahadsiddha Gayadhara, Dharmashri, Munijnana, Tönmi Sambhota, King Trisong Detzen, Dromtönpa, Milarepa, Khedrup Rinpoche, and Dragpa Gyaltsen, was known throughout Tibet and the Himalayan region for his immense kindness, humility, great deeds, and non-sectarian attitude. He spread the pure teachings of the Buddha throughout the Himalayas from Kashmir to Assam, and in the process he established the first Gelugpa monasteries in regions where there had been none. Domo Geshe Rinpoche was also famous because he was the first of the Tibetan lamas to go on pilgrimage repeatedly to the Buddhist holy sites in India, when this was not yet an established tradition. Active in the Tsang and central parts of Tibet, he was openly praised by both the Panchen Rinpoche and His Holiness the Thirteenth Dalai Lama, who referred to him as a “realized one who is completely tamed” and as someone who is “Lama to people inside and outside of Tibet and whose widespread fame resonates like the sound of a great bell.” In fact, his fame extends to Mongolia, China, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, and many Western countries.
Nearly all written biographical information about Geshe Ngawang Kalsang, who later became known as Domo Geshe Rinpoche, was lost in Tibet. However there does exist the lineage prayer composed by Kyabje Trijang Dorje Chang; biographical material mentioned by the Western disciple Lama Govinda in his book The Way of the White Clouds; and many diverse oral sources. From these it is known that Ngawang Kalsang was born in 1866 in Emagang, Tsang, Tibet. At the age of eight he entered Tashi Lhunpo Monastery and was given the name Ngawang Kalsang by the Panchen Rinpoche Tenpa’i Wangchuk. He took full ordination from the incarnation of the great translator Lochen Rinchen Zangpo Rinpoche. After twenty years of study he received the “Kachen” degree, which was Tashi Lhunpo’s equivalent of the “Geshe” degree of Central Tibet’s great monastic universities.
After finding his root Guru, Rangjung Lama Lobsang Zöpa, Gesh Ngawang Kalsang spent many years receiving teachings and initiations, making pilgrimages, and meditating in caves in Bhutan, Sikkim, and Tibet. In different holy places along the Himalayan snow mountain range, in caves and isolated places, Geshe Rinpoche practiced and actually saw the different meditational deities, receiving their blessings, teachings, guidance, and predictions. When the Guru conferred upon him the great empowerment of the five-deity Heruka Chakrasamvara mandala of the Ghantapada tradition (Demchog Trilbu Lha-nga) in Milarepa’s temple at Lapchi, the mandala and deity actually manifested and entrusted him with the future of the Demchog tantra. During his retreats Geshe Ngawang Kalsang lived on fruits, berries, and herbs, and also was sustained by the practice of “taking the essence” of flowers and stones. It is said that while he was meditating in a remote cave in the dense forests of Upper Tromo, yeti came to serve him by bringing him firewood and water.
While Geshe Ngawang Kalsang was meditating in the cave in Upper Tromo (also called Domo, Tomo, or Chumbi), a nomad who was searching for some of his lost animals came upon him. Hardly believing that anyone could survive in such a remote place, the nomad offered him yogurt and milk. It was then that Geshe Ngawang Kalsang left his solitary retreat and began performing the renowned deeds which made his name famous throughout the Himalayas. First, he fulfilled a prophecy made by both his Guru and by Dromtönpa, the main disciple of Atisha Dipamkara, by erecting a large Maitreya Buddha statue at Galingkang. When the people of Tromo requested Geshe Ngawang Kalsang to remain with them, he rebuilt and revitalized Dungkar Gonpa, the White Conch Monastery, which was in the Tromo valley. He erected a great Maitreya Buddha statue in the main hall of the monastery, expanded the monastic curriculum, improved discipline, and introduced the study of art forms such as dance that related to religious practice. Domo Geshe Rinpoche also began a special Guru Rinpoche ritual which was performed at the monastery yearly. In another monastery in the Tromo Valley he instituted the annual practice of the joint reading of twelve collected works (sung bum) by monks of different religious traditions. In this way, among others, Domo Geshe Rinpoche helped bring the people of Tromo together in greater harmony.
Under the direction of Domo Geshe Rinpoche the monastery became the seat of the famous and respected oracle that was consulted by people from all over Tibet. At the crossroads between India and Tibet, Dungkar Gonpa also became known as a stopping place for most Tibetan and foreign dignitaries who were on their way to and from Lhasa. Thus, Dungkar Gonpa was open to international contact in a way that was unusual for Tibet at that time.
When His Holiness the Thirteenth Dalai Lama returned from India in 1912 he stopped in Tromo, and a meeting took place between His Holiness and Domo Geshe Rinpoche at Kangyur Lhakang in Galingkang. One morning His Holiness mentioned to his attendants that he expected a very special visitor that afternoon. That day Domo Geshe Rinpoche, who always looked like a simple monk, brought special delicacies to offer to His Holiness and spent a long time in private talks with him. In the evening, His Holiness asked his attendants if they had seen the very special person who had visited him in the afternoon. They said that they had only seen a monk in tattered robes. His Holiness replied, “That is too bad. I saw Je Tsong Khapa himself.”
Many years later, in the 1950s, the Dungkar Gonpa twice hosted His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama and his government for extended periods of time.
A very close and special relationship existed between Geshe Rinpoche and Kyabje Trijang Dorje Chang. Together they received teachings and initiations from Kyabje Pabongka Rinpoche, Lamrim teachings from His Holiness the Thirteenth Dalai Lama, and together with Kyabje Pabongka Rinpoche, in 1921 they received a very rare cycle of 108 initiations from Tagdra Dorje Chang, who later became the Regent of Tibet. The initiations spanned the four classes of Tantra, and Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche said of that event, “Thus, the traditions of past successive lineages were observed correctly without the negligence of finding easy solutions.” (Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche, Autobiography, p. 94.)
Domo Geshe Rinpoche was one of the first Tibetan lamas to go on repeated pilgrimages to the holy places of the Buddha in India. At first he went alone across the high mountain passes from Tromo to Sikkim, through Pedong to Kalimpong, and then by train from Siliguri to Gaya. Later he took with him his monks and people from all walks of life. At that time Hindus controlled the great stupa at Bodh Gaya and Buddhist practice was not welcome there. However, the Hindu Raja who was in charge was very impressed with Geshe Rinpoche and trusted him completely. The great stupa was usually locked up, but when Rinpoche visited the Raja handed him the keys and turned over the stupa to him for the duration of his stay. Only Domo Geshe Rinpoche and Sri Anagarika Dharmapala, founder of the Mahabodhi Society, represented Buddhist interests and regularly performed Buddhist practices at the stupa. It was only because of Domo Geshe Rinpoche’s help and influence that a Lhadaki monk could purchase ground near the stupa to build a Tibetan monastery.
During their pilgrimages to Bodh Gaya, Geshe Rinpoche’s disciples cleaned the area around the stupa, washed the Bodhi tree with purifying water, and offered many butter lamps and other offerings. On the full moon of the eighth Tibetan month in 1916, Domo Geshe Rinpoche performed the ritual bath offering using milk to bathe the statue of Shakyamuni Buddha and then covered it with gold. The holy body of the Buddha emitted nectar, an event witnessed by many. Geshe Rinpoche carefully collected it and used it for the benefit of sentient beings in holy objects and rilbus.
Domo Geshe Rinpoche’s rilbus were precious pills made from medicinal herbs, sacred relics, and many different holy substances that he collected in the Buddha’s hallowed places in India and in pilgrimages in the Himalayas and Tibet. The rilbus made by Domo Geshe Rinpoche were famous for their power. They were said to reverse the effects of life-threatening poison, to protect against many different kinds of weapons, and to guarantee at least seven human rebirths if administered at the right moment in the death process.
In the Indian Himalayan region, especially today’s Himachal Pradesh, Domo Geshe Rinpoche traveled widely, teaching the pure doctrine of the Buddha, establishing monasteries, gathering monks, and healing the sick. In fact, he was widely known as “the precious doctor of Chumbi.” In many areas he established Gelugpa monasteries and temples and everywhere he went he was requested to teach and to confer empowerments and Pratimoksha vows. Upon the request of the King of Piti, Geshe Rinpoche gave Lamrim teachings to thousands of people, as well as conferring long-life and other empowerments. Domo Geshe Rinpoche is singularly credited, not only by his followers but by the Tibetan government as well, for having spread Je Tsong Khapa’s teachings, especially throughout the whole Himalayan region. Although he gave formal teachings, Domo Geshe Rinpoche taught most often by giving practical advice on what to do and what not to do. In all he did he laid the foundation for spiritual practice.
Domo Geshe Rinpoche’s disciple Lama Anagarika Govinda recorded in The Way of the White Clouds that Geshe Rinpoche “detested any kind of hero-worship and did not want his person made into an object of veneration.” On the day that Domo Geshe Rinpoche accepted him as a disciple his Guru told him:
“If you wish me to be your Guru, do not look upon my person as the Guru, because every human personality has its shortcomings, and so long as we are engaged in observing the imperfections of others we deprive ourselves of the opportunities of learning from them. Remember that every being carries within itself the spark of Buddahood (bodhicitta), but as long as we concentrate on other people’s faults we deprive ourselves of the light that in various degrees shines out from our fellow-beings ….The greatest among men were those who recognized the divine qualities in their fellow-beings and were always ready to respect even the lowliest among them.
As long as we regard ourselves superior to other or look down upon the world, we cannot make any real progress. As soon, however, as we understand that we live in exactly that world which we deserve, we shall recognize the faults of others as our own —though they may appear in different form. It is our own karma that we live in this “imperfect” world, which in the ultimate sense is our own creation. This is the only attitude which can help us to overcome our difficulties, because it replaces fruitless negation by an impulse towards self-perfection, which not only makes us worthy of a better world but partners in its creation.”
Because he was revered in India as well as Tibet, Domo Geshe Rinpoche was offered several monasteries in northern India. A patron from Darjeeling offered him a retreat house at Ghoom Yiga Chöling Monastery and requested him to take care of the monastery. Rinpoche enlarged it and built another famous two-storey Maitreya Buddha statue with the help of Wangyal, the same artist who had fashioned the ones in Tromo. In 1919 Tashi Chöling Monastery in Kurseong, near Darjeeling, was completed and consecrated by Geshe Rinpoche, and Tharpa Chöling Monastery in Kalimpong was finished in 1922. This monastery had been built with the support of and requests from the Maharani of Bhutan, an influential Chinese merchant and his Tibetan wife, a group of Tibetans living in Kalimpong, and many other.
By the time Tharpa Chöling was completed, Dungkar Gonpa had already built or taken under its administrative umbrella several other monasteries in Tromo and Phari, Tibet. Until 1959 the Dungkar Gonpa monks took turns in administering these places, as well as the monasteries across the border in India. In addition, there were a number of small temples and chapels in the Himalayan border area offered to and consecrated by Domo Geshe Rinpoche.
Among many other accomplishments, Domo Geshe Rinpoche was famous for his extraordinary visions. The most well-known of his visions occurred on one of Geshe Rinpoche’s many pilgrimages. At nineteen thousand feet on the northern slopes of Kanchenjunga, Chorten Nyima has been a very special holy place since at least the time of Padma Sambhava. There Domo Geshe Rinpoche manifested a vision for all within a radius of miles to see. First, from among the white clouds appeared a white horse leading the procession that moved from east to west. Then from the dark blue sky a great number of Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, and different holy beings and signs appeared, all made from light and rainbows. Only Domo Geshe Rinpoche saw the whole extent of the vision, while those in his retinue saw parts according to individual capacity and karma. Some saw Khedrup Rinpoche’s five visions of Je Tsong Khapa; some saw Je Tsong Khapa and his two main disciples, while other saw the Medicine Buddha, Amitayus, or different pure lands. Everyone could see the eight auspicious signs. The vision remained for a long time, so Rinpoche’s disciples could point out to each other in minutest detail what they saw. The only other vision of that magnitude made public in the same way occurred at the time of Shakyamuni Buddha, an account of which can be found in the Surangama Sutra. After the eyewitnesses returned to Dungkar Gonpa each of them described what they had seen, and from these descriptions a fresco recording the event was carefully painted.
Those who knew him said that Domo Geshe Rinpoche was genuinely humble and completely without pride of thinking that he knew anything. No photograph exists of him. He did not allow anyone to take a photograph of him, because, in those days, photographs were taken mostly of famous people such as heads of state or those with a high social status. When pictures were taken without his permission, Geshe Rinpoche was either not visible or blurred beyond recognition. The only likeness that existed was a statue fashioned after the preserved body that was placed in his stupa.
After Domo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Kalsang passed away in 1936, the Dungkar Gonpa administration requested the central Tibetan government for permission to embalm his body. Although only the bodies of the Dalai Lamas and the Panchen Lamas were customarily embalmed and sealed in large stupas, the request was granted. The Regent Reting Rinpoche’s decree read, “In Southern Tibet, including Sikkim, etc., Domo Geshe Rinpoche’s activities were exactly like those of Je Tsong Khapa. In accordance, we will allow Rinpoche’s body to be preserved.” The holy stupa was consecrated in 1938 by Kyabje Trijang Rinpoche Dorje Chang and remained an object of veneration until it, along with the entire Dungkar Gonpa, was destroyed in the Cultural Revolution.
All quoted material has been extracted from His Holiness Domo Geshe Rinpoche, A Biographical Sketch, by Dr. Ursula Bernis, copyright ©2002 by the Dungkar Gonpa Society.
Source
www.domogesherinpoche.org
Tibetan Gelugpa master Lama Ngawang Kalzang, also known as Tomo Geshe Rinpoche I (1866–1936), who became his teacher in meditation. In 1932 Govinda visited Tibet from Sikkim, and in 1933 from Ladakh. To live closer to his teacher Ngawang Kalzang, Govinda stayed on in India, teaching European languages and Buddhist culture at Rabindranath Tagore’s Vishva Bharati University in Shantiniketan.
Hermit Lama Returns to the World
The previous story continues on to describe Anagarika Govinda's future master, the hermit monk known as Tomo Geshe Rimpoche, who attained enlightenment and then returned to the world of his fellow men, to purify and rejuvenate the spiritual forces of Tibet.
The Lama Ngawang Kalzang had been meditating for twelve years in various caves and retreats in the wilderness of the mountains of Southern Tibet. Nobody knew him, nobody had heard of him. He was one of the many thousands of monks who had received his higher education in one of the great monastic universities in the vicinity of Lhasa. He had come to the conclusion that realization can only be found in the stillness and solitude of nature.
The world had forgotten him and he had forgotten the world. This was not the outcome of indifference on his part but, on the contrary, because he had ceased to make a distinction between himself and the world. What actually he had forgotten was not the world but his own self, because the 'world' is something that exists only in contrast to one's own ego.
Wild animals visited him in his caves and made friends with him, and his spirit went out in sympathy to all living beings. Thus he never felt lonely in his solitude, and enjoyed the bliss of emancipation, born out of the exalted vision of Dhyana.
One day a herdsman in search of new grazing ground had lost his way in the inaccessible wilderness of rocks high above the valley when he heard the rhythmic beats of a hand-drum used by lamas mingled with the silvery sound of a ritual bell. At first he did not believe his ears, because he could not imagine that any human being could exist in this forbidding place.
Torn between fear and curiosity, he followed the sound, as if drawn by the irresistible force of a magnet, and soon he saw the figure of a hermit, seated before a cave, deeply absorbed in his devotional practice. The hermits face was serene, lit up with the fire of inspiration and devotion. The herdsman immediately lost all fear, and after the hermit had finished his invocations he confidently approached the Lama and asked for his blessing.
When the hermit touched the crown of his head he felt a stream of bliss flowing through his body, and he was filled with such unspeakable peace and happiness that he forgot all the questions he had wanted to ask, and hurried down into the valley to bring the happy news of his discovery to the people there.
These people at first could hardly believe the news, and when the herdsman led some of them to the hermit's cave they were wonder struck. How could any human being live in this almost inaccessible mountain fastness? Certainly only a hermit endowed with superhuman yogic powers could survive under such conditions.
The people threw themselves at the feet of the Hermit-Lama, and when he blessed them they felt as if their whole being was transformed into a vessel of peace and happiness. it gave them a foretaste of what every human being can attain to when he realizes the dormant powers of light, which are buried like seeds deep within the soul.
Tomo Geshe Rimpoche - The Learned Jewel of the Wheat Valley
The people of the valley implored the Lama to settle among them for the benefit of all who needed his help. The hermit knew that the hour had come for him to return to the world of men, and true to his Bodhisattva vow he renounced the bliss of solitude for the welfare of the many.
There was a very small and poor monastery in the valley from which the people had come, situated on a steep hill with a rocky crest in the middle of a fertile wheat growing valley called Tomo (wheat). This place was given to the Hermit-Lama, who from then on was known as Tomo Geshe Rimpoche, 'The Learned Jewel of the Wheat Valley'.
Soon monks and laymen came from far and wide to learn at the feet of Tomo Geshe, and in a very short time the monastery grew into an important place of study and worship. In the great hall of the main temple Tomo Geshe erected a gigantic statue of Buddha Maitreya, the Coming One, as a symbol of the spiritual future and rebirth of the Eternal Truth of the Dharma, which is reincarnated in every Enlightened One and is to be rediscovered in every human heart.
He erected statues of Maitreya in many other places and made the followers of the Buddha Dharma conscious of the fact that one must take active part in the shaping of the future, and thus make it possible for the coming Buddha to appear in this world by preparing our minds for his reception.
In the midst of these activities, the State Oracle of Lhasa directed Tomo Geshe to make a pilgrimage to Chorten Nyima, a place sacred to Padmasambhava, who was the first to establish Buddhism in Tibet.
Chorten Nyima is situated in one of the highest parts of the Tibetan plateau near the northern border of Sikkim. The place is wide and open, with snow peaks here and there piercing the deep blue sky. It is a place where heaven and earth meet on equal terms, where the landscape has the vastness and rhythm of the open sea, and the sky the depth of universal space. it is a place where you feel near to the celestial bodies, where sun and moon are your neighbors and the stars your friends.
Vision Projected into the Sky
And here it happened that those very Buddhas and Bodhisattva, who inspired the artists of Tsaparang (an ancient city of art and culture in Tibet) and took visible shape through their hands, appeared again in visible form before the eyes of Tomo Geshe Rimpoche. They appeared against the dark blue sky, as if woven of light, dazzling in all the colors of the rainbow, while slowly moving from the eastern to the western horizon.
The vision was first seen by the Rimpoche alone, but just as a great artist is able to make his visions visible to others by recreating them in various materials, the Guru, by the creative power of his mind, made this wonderful vision visible to all who were present. Not all of them were able to see the full extent of it, or to see it as completely as the Guru. It varied according to the capacity or receptivity of the individual mind.
It is not possible for anybody who was not present to put into adequate words the sublime beauty and the profound effect of this vision upon the beholders. However in the Surangama Sutra we find the description of a similar event said to have taken place in the presence of Buddha Sakyamuni of which the paraphrase may serve as the nearest approach to the vision of Chorten Nyima.
'The Blessed Lord, sitting upon the throne in the midst of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas from all the ten quarters of the universe, manifested his transcendental glory, surpassing them all. From his hands and feet and body radiated supernal beams of light that rested upon the crown of each Buddha and Bodhisattva assembled here.
And equally from the hands and feet and bodies of all those Buddhas and Bodhisattvas of the ten quarters of the universe went forth rays of glorious brightness that converged upon the crown of the Lord Buddha, and upon the crowns of all the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas and Saints present.
At the same time the waters and waves of brooks and streams were singing the music of the Dharma, and all the intersecting rays of brightness were like the net of splendor, set with jewels and over arching them all.
Such a marvelous sight had never been imagined and held all who were present in silence and awe. Unwittingly they passed into the blissful state of Samadhi. And upon them all an unspeakable peace and happiness descended like a gentle rain of soft petals of many different colored lotus blossoms, all blending together and being reflected into the open space of heaven in all the tints of the spectrum.
Moreover, all the differentiations of mountains and waters and rocks and plants, and all that makes up our common world, blended into one another and faded away, leaving only the indescribable experience of primordial unity - not dull and inert, but vibrant with rhythmic life and light, with celestial sounds of songs and harmonies, melodious rising and falling and merging and then fading away into silence.'
After the party had returned to Dungkar Gompa each of the eyewitnesses described what he had seen, and from the combined records, with the final sanction of the Guru (who reluctantly gave in to the wishes of his disciples to have the scene recorded in the form of a fresco), the painting was consciously executed.
One of the last witnesses of this memorable incident is the present abbot of Dungkar Gompa. He explained every detail of the painting, while relating his own experiences of this pilgrimage. He pointed out what he had seen with his own eyes, and also what he had not been able to see, but what apparently had been visible to others. He also mentioned the strange fact that the vision had remained visible for hours, so that all who saw it could observe and point out to each other the minutest details.
This vision had far reaching effects upon Tomo Geshe as well as upon his disciples. it invested him with that superior authority which in Tibet is ascribed only to Tulkus, i.e. those in whom the Bodhisattva spirit, or the ideal of Buddhahood, has taken root, so that they have become its living embodiments. They have the power to direct their future rebirths according to the needs of their fellow men.
And from now on Tomo Geshe conceived the idea to bring the teachings of the Enlightened Ones not only to the people of his own country but to the world at large, irrespective of race, caste, color, or creed.
And so he stepped out of his quiet valley and travelled all over the countries of the Himalayas and to the sacred places of Buddhism in India. And wherever he went he planted hope and inspiration in the hearts of men; he healed the sick, taught those who were ready to receive the truth of the Dharma, and left in his wake many a disciple to carry on the work which the Buddhas had ordained him to do.
From: The Way of the White Clouds - A Buddhist Pilgrim in Tibet, By Lama Anagarika Govinda
Tulku - Rebirth of a Lama
In Tibet the concept of a continuation of lives is a common belief. In the Tibetan religious system the heads of monasteries and other great spiritual leaders bridge the chasm between life and death and consciously guide their after death journey to take embodiment in a new form. The monastic leaders then search the country side, taking clues left by the departing dignitary to discover his new incarnation. He is then returned to his monastery to take up the reigns of leadership once again after a rapid relearning of his previous schooling. The Tibetan word for this new embodiment is Tulku and Tibetan literature is filled with references to the various Tulku's and the stories of their rediscovery.
Countless tales are told throughout Tibet about extraordinary proofs of memory from previous lives and wonders worked by young tulkus to testify their identity. I could relate dozens of them, but I prefer to confine myself to the relation of facts connected with people whom I have personally known.
Next to the mansion of the Pegyai Lama, in which I lived at Kum-Bum, was the dwelling of a minor tulku called Agnai Tsang. Seven years had elapsed since the death of the last master of the place and none had been able to discover the child in whom he had reincarnated. I do not think that the caretaker of the lama's household felt greatly afflicted by that circumstance. He managed the estate and seemed rather prosperous.
Search for the Tulku
Now it happened that in the course of a trading tour he felt thirsty and entered a farm to rest and drink. While the housewife made tea the visiting caretaker drew a jade snuff box from his pocket and was about to take a pinch of snuff when a little boy who had been playing in a corner of the room stopped him and putting his small hand on the box asked reproachfully: "Why do you use my snuff box?"
The steward was thunderstruck. Truly the precious snuff box was not his, but belonged to the departed Agnai Tsang, and though he had not perhaps exactly intended to steal it, yet he had taken possession of it. He remained there trembling while the boy looked at him as his face suddenly became grave and stern, with no longer anything childish about it. "Give it back to me at once, it is mine," he said again.
Stung with remorse, and at the same time terrified and bewildered, the superstitious monk could only fall on his knees and prostrate himself before his reincarnated master.
A few days later, I saw the boy coming in state to his mansion. He wore a yellow brocade robe and rode a beautiful black pony, the steward holding the bridle. When the procession entered the house the boy remarked: "Why to we turn to the left to reach the second courtyard? The gate is on our right side." Now, for some reason, the gate on the right side had been walled up after the death of the lama and another one opened instead. The monks marvelled at this new proof of the authenticity of their lama and all proceeded to his private apartment where tea was to be served.
The boy, seated on a pile of large hard cushions, looked at the cup with silver gilt saucer and jeweled cover placed on the table before him. "Give me the larger china cup," he commanded. And he described one, mentioning the very pattern that decorated it. Nobody knew about such a cup, not even the steward, and the monks respectfully endeavoured to convince the young master that there was no cup of that kind in the house.
It was at that moment that, taking advantage of an already long acquaintance with the steward, I entered the room. I had heard the snuff-box story and wished to see for myself, my remarkable little new neighbor. I offered the customary complimentary scarf and a few presents. These he received with a gracious smile but, apparently following the trend of his thoughts regarding the cup, he said: "Look better, you will find it." And suddenly, as if a flash of memory had dashed through his mind, he added explanations about a box painted in such a color, which was in such a place in the store room.
The monks had briefly informed me of what was going on and I waited with interest to see how things would turn out. Less than half an hour later, the set, cup, saucer and cover, was discovered in a casket that was at the bottom of the very box described by the boy.
"I did not know of the existence of that cup," the steward told me later on. "The lama himself, or my predecessor, must have put it in the box which did not contain anything else precious and had not been opened for years."
From: Magic and Mystery in Tibet, by Alexandra David-Neel
Ornamental Detail from Column in Pelkor Chode Monastery
A Tibetan Ceremony
In this segment, Lama Anagarika Govinda was staying in an isolated village in Tibet when a strange visitor arrived unexpectedly. Although the visitor appeared to be an ordinary humble and dusty traveler, his quiet reserve and inner strength allowed him to tap into a deep spiritual power.
Tibetans are far more psychic than most Westerners.
Lama arrives after long journey
They have not yet lost the capacity to communicate with the powers of their depth consciousness or to understand their language, as revealed through dreams or other phenomena. One day Namgyal came and told us that he had seen in a dream a rainbow over our bungalow and that this could only mean a lucky event, like the arrival of some saintly person. And, indeed, the next day a Lama arrived and put up in a little outhouse belonging to our compound. We only saw him from a distance, while dismounting from his horse; and both the man as well as the horse seemed tired from a long journey. The Lama's robes were old and worn and the horse was limping and half blind. We were told that the Lama returned from a long pilgrimage and would have to stay here until the passes were open.
Since the weather was cold and cloudy, we had remained in our room, but the following day the Lama himself called on us accompanied by Namgyal. How great was our joy and surprise when we recognized the Lama as our good old Abbot of Phiyang of whom we had taken tender farewells at Tsaparang, not expecting ever to meet him again. We had regretted this all the more, as we felt that here was a man from whom we could learn a great deal, especially in the field of meditational practice, and we felt almost cheated by fate that we should lose this rare opportunity the very moment it came our way.
Whether Phiyang Lama had foreseen that we were destined to meet again or not, one thing is sure: he had read our thoughts at that time, because now, before we could even mention our secret wish, he offered to instruct us in the most advanced methods of Tantric Sadhana and Yoga practices.
As our room was not only bigger but warmer than Phiyang Lama's, since we kept a big fire going the whole day, thanks to Sherab's untiring concern for our well being, Phiyang Lama came daily with Namgyal (who thus became our Guru-bhai (fellow disciple) to instruct us and discuss our problems. it was a most fruitful time, because never was a teacher more eager to give from the wealth of his own experience than this new Guru of ours, who thus continued the good work of Tomo Geshe and Ajo Rimpoche, for which we shall remember him with deep gratitude.
When the news of Phiyang Lama's arrival and continued stay spread among the Poopas, many came to receive his blessings and finally the villagers requested him to perform a Tsewang for the whole community. The ceremony was to take place in the spacious courtyard between Phiyang Lama's quarters and our bungalow. A few days before the great ceremony he retired to his room - much to our regret, as we missed our daily meetings - though we understood that he required some time of solitude and intense concentration in order to prepare himself and to call up those forces which he wanted to communicate to others. But then it seemed to us that another Lama had joined him, probably to assist him in the forthcoming ritual, because we heard another voice much deeper than his own from time to time coming from his room. The long and sonorous recitations of the new voice were sometimes interrupted by Phiyang Lama's voice, but neither he nor the other Lama were ever seen outside. We were greatly intrigued as to who the new Lama could be, but nobody could give us any information.
Spiritual preparation
So, one or two days later, while passing Phiyang Lama's door, we heard again the voice of the other Lama, and since the door was wide open, we glanced inside. To our surprise we saw no other person in the room but only Phiyang Lama. He seemed oblivious to our presence, and the strange voice came out of him so deep and sonorous, as if another person was speaking through him. We quickly withdrew from the door.
When the great day came, a high throne was erected in the courtyard between our bungalow and the outhouse. The throne stood against a high revetment wall, covered with a decorative cloth curtain, while the courtyard was festively decorated with the multicoloured bunting and streamers. Phiyang lama in the full regalia of an abbot was seated on the throne, his head covered with the tall red cap worn by the Nyingma and Kargyutpa Orders, to which he originally belonged, though being now the head of a Sakya Gompa. Nobody would have recognized in him the poor old pilgrim, who might have been taken as a mendicant friar on the day of his arrival. the man on the throne had the bearing of a king and the voice of a lion.
His face was that of an inspired prophet, and every gesture expressed dignity and power. Whoever was present could feel that here was a man who not merely implored or invoked some unseen power, but one who had become that power, by having generated or focalized it within himself in a state of complete and sustained absorption and oneness with a particular aspect of transcendental reality. He had become the very embodiment of Tsepame, the Buddha of Infinite Life. His vision had become visible and communicable to all who attended the ritual, which held everybody spellbound and in a state of spiritual elation. The rhythm of mantric incantations and mystic gestures was like the weaving of a magic net, in which the audience was drawn together towards an invisible center. The sense of participation was heightened when everybody received Tsepame's blessings with a few drops of consecrated water and a small tse-ril, a red consecrated pill of sweetened tsampa (grain) representing the Wine and Bread of Life.
It was the most beautiful eucharistic rite we had ever witnessed, because it was performed by a man who had truly given his own blood and flesh, sacrificed his own personality, in order to make it a vessel of divine forces.
Never had I realized more thoroughly the importance of ritual in religion(and especially in community worship) and the folly of replacing it by preaching and sermonizing. Ritual - if performed by those who are qualified by spiritual training and sincerity of purpose - appeals both to the heart and to the mind, and brings people in direct contact with a deeper and richer life than that of the intellect, in which individual opinions and dogmas get the upper hand.
From: The Way of the White Clouds - A Buddhist Pilgrim in Tibet, By Lama Anagarika Govinda
A Lama's Remarkable Power
The next story is an excerpt from the biography: Tibet's Great Yogi, Milarepa (W.Y. Evans-Wentz editor). The incidents of the story took place almost a thousand years ago. As a child Milarepa was sent away by his mother to learn the black arts so that he might avenge the actions of their cruel relatives who had cheated them out of the family inheritance and treated them miserably. The sincere and devoted Milarepa becomes a proficient sorcerer, learning to call on the tutelary deities through magic rites in order to invoke their powers at controlling the elements. So well does he learn his art that almost the entire clan of heartless relatives is wiped out. [[[Milarepa]] is devastated by the evil and suffering he has caused and sets out to find a teacher who can set him on the path to salvation. Eventually he finds his way to his destined teacher, Marpa the Translator, who brought to Tibet the sacred teachings of the Buddha in three arduous trips to India.
Marpa put Milarepa through immense physical and psychic trials over a period of years in order to purify him and lessen his load of karma which he had heaped up unwittingly as a young sorcerer. But after years of having his hopes for initiation crushed, Milarepa finally concludes (wrongly) that Marpa will never give him the teachings he so earnestly wants so that he may escape a hellish purgatory for his evil deeds. So he sets out to find another teacher who will impart the mystic teachings that will enable him to obtain liberation in this very lifetime. At his first encounter with his new guru, Lama Ngogpa, the Lama is impressed with his young disciple because of certain omens pointing to the exceptional future in store for Milarepa.
Lama Ngogpa said that he would surely give me the Initiation and the Consecration (as requested by Milarepa). He had been thinking of sending for me, but now that I was come myself, it was very good, indeed, and due to the Lama (Marpa's) benediction and grace. He said further, "I have a number of pupils who come from Kham, Tagpo, Kongpo, and Yarlung, but on their way hither, through depredations of those lawless folk, the Yepo and Yemo, of Dol, they are stripped of the scanty store of gear with which they set out for this place in order to pursue their studies. I therefore request thee to go and punish those lawless folk by launching a hail storm upon their lands. When thou has done that, I will bestow upon thee the Initiation and Consecration thou desirest."
I now bitterly repented the fate that had put such as accursed power into my hands, making me the means of wreaking vengeance by doing hurt to life and property. I had come here in search of the Saving Truth, and here I was again being asked to work harm and do an evil deed. If I refused, I should be disobeying a Guru, or at least, one whom I intended to take for my Guru - almost as heinous a sin as to refuse to obey an actual Guru; and, in addition, I should lose all opportunity of obtaining the Teachings. And so I decided that I must go, that I had no choice.
Launching hailstorms from overlook Accordingly, I set forth, provided with the necessary (magical) appurtenances; and, reaching the scene of my intended deed, I took lodgings in the house of an old woman, in the Yepo country. Just as the hail storm was about to burst, as the lightnings flashed and the thunder growled and the first hailstones were about to fall, the old woman, my hostess, began to beat her breast and weep, saying, "Alas! What shall I have to live on if my crops are destroyed by the hail?"
This was too much for me. I could not bear to be so cruel to this poor woman, so, at imminent risk to myself, I requested her quickly to draw me a plan of her field. "Oh, my field is like this," she cried in a despairing tone, at the same time describing a triangular figure with an elongated end. I immediately covered the figure with an iron pan, in my mind shielding it from the hail, so that it escaped destruction, all except a tiny corner, which, protruding beyond the covering pan, was devastated by a gust of wind.
When the storm was over, on going out to look at the country, I saw the slopes above the valley all furrowed into ravines, the erstwhile luxuriant fields utterly laid waste, all except the old woman's field, which was quite fresh and green. But the corner of the field, corresponding to the corner of the plan which, protruding beyond the covering pan, had been devastated by wind, was damaged by the hail and flooded with water. Ever afterward, this field escaped any hail storm which visited that neighborhood.
On my way back to my new Guru, I met an old shepherd and his child who had lost their herds in the flood. By them I sent word to the people of the countryside, enjoining them to refrain thenceforth from ill-treating or robbing Lama Ngogpa's disciples or adherents, on pain of being visited constantly by similar hail storms, thus revealing to them who had caused the destruction. After this, the people of those two places were so profoundly impressed with the phenomenal power of Lama Ngogpa that they became his devoted followers and faithfully served him.
As I came along the way, I picked up some dead birds, which I found all by themselves under a bramble bush, and numbers of other birds, and some rats, which I found dead on the road, until I had my cap and the lap of my robe full. These I laid in a heap before Lama Ngogpa, and appealed to him thus: "O Reverend Teacher, I came here expecting to find the Holy Doctrine, but have been compelled to heap up sin upon sin. Have pity on such a terrible sinner!" and I burst into bitter tears.
To this the Lama replied, "Be not despairing; there is no cause whatsoever for such abject fear. We, the followers of Naropa and Maitri, possess those Truths which can save the greatest of sinners in the twinkling of an eye - just as one single stone from a sling serveth to frighten a hundred birds simultaneously. All those sentient creatures, and these birds and beasts which have been killed on this occasion by the hail storm shall be born again (in far future lives) as thy foremost disciples when thou shalt attain to Buddhahood. Till that time cometh I shall put forth my power so as to prevent their falling into Hell or degenerating into lower states of being. Therefore, be at ease. But if thou still doubt, let me prove the truth of what I say, thus." For a few moments, he sat silent with closed eyes, then he snapped his fingers. In a thrice, all the dead birds and rats which I had collected revived, and made off to their several nests and holes. I now perceived that the Lama himself was a Buddha. How delightful! How blissful! I should have rejoiced had many more creatures enjoyed the privilege of dying on such an occasion.
Postscript - Tibet Irreversibly Changed
In 1950 Mao Tse Tung's Red Chinese Army invaded Tibet. The propaganda given to the Chinese citizenry at the time to explain this was that the Chinese were generously helping their "backward" brethren to the north to modernize their country. Never mind that the Tibetans wanted only to be left alone in isolation as they had been for centuries. What the Chinese soldiers saw in Tibet, they felt to be a flagrant violation of communist principles. They saw the lamaseries wherein, according to their interpretation, a few well to do lamas were being kept by thousands of monks living in poverty and supporting the "upper class" of monastic authorities. In addition, the teaching of the powerful Chinese dictator Mao Tse Tung was that "religion is poison" and the enemy of socialist ideology.
Therefore the soldiers felt a powerful urge to liberate the Tibetan people by obliterating to the greatest extent possible the monastic life around which Tibetan society revolved. The Chinese army systematically destroyed almost every single monastery in the country. Of the 6,259 monasteries in Tibet before the Chinese occupation, only eight remained in 1976. In order to highlight their attitude toward religion, the Chinese went to great lengths to humiliate and ridicule Tibetan culture. Thousands of ancient Buddhist frescoes were destroyed, religious books and scrolls were burned, the ashes mixed with manure. The sacred stones carved with the prayer "Om Mani Padme Hum" were used for pavement and to make latrines. The shells of destroyed monasteries and temples were turned into shelters for barnyard animals. Statuary, jewels, gold encrusted buddhas, etc were shipped off to China to be melted down or sold. The Dalai Lama and a retinue of Tibetans fled over the border into neighboring India to set up a government in exile.
By 1972, 1.2 million Tibetans had died as a result of the invasion. The resources of Tibet - forests, animal life, oil, minerals, etc have been looted away by the Chinese and used, not for modernizing Tibet, but for their own country's economic development. China provides incentives for its own citizens to relocate to Tibet to dilute the remaining Tibetan population and to further substantiate the Chinese claim over Tibet. China closely controls the media in Tibet and does not permit any free expression on the part of Tibetans who have chosen to remain in their own country. Forced birth control of Tibetans has been practiced to make the population further dwindle. Tibetans are treated as second class citizens and are not allowed to outwardly practice their religion.
It is illegal to even show a picture of the Dalai Lama either in public or in private. Any kind of protests draw a swift and severe response resulting in beatings, imprisonment, torture, and even execution. Chinese have cultivated a network of spies and surveilance devices so that Tibetans have great fear even speaking their thoughts in private, much less to visitors from other countries. However according to the Chinese statements to the outside world, Tibetans are happy, allowed to practice their religion, and China is assisting in the development and education of Tibetans. This is the false picture the Chinese government attempts to present to the world. The communist government of China is fiercely defensive of any criticism of Chinese abuses in Tibet calling them "an intrusion into Chinese internal affairs". This oppression and cultural genocide continues to this day (written November, 2001).