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| − | [[File:221.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | + | #REDIRECT [[Apadāna]] |
| − | <poem>
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| − | The '''Apadāna''' is a collection of biographical stories found in the [[Khuddaka Nikaya]] of the [[Pāli Canon]], the scriptures of [[Theravada]] [[Buddhism]]. It is [[Thought]] by most scholars to be a late addition to the canon, composed during the 1st and 2nd century BCE. The title Apadāna perhaps means '[[Life]] history' or 'legend' in [[Pāli]]; it has the additional, older meaning of advice or [[Moral]] instruction; Dr Sally Cutler has suggested the word originally meant 'reapings', i.e. of the results of [[Kamma]]. The title is sometimes translated as the Biographical Stories, or simply as The Stories.
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| − | The Apadāna consists of about 600 poems (between 589 and 603 in different editions), mostly biographical stories of [[Monks]] and nuns. Many of the stories of [[Monks]] and nuns are expansions of, or otherwise related to, verses presented in the Theragatha and Therigatha as having been spoken by senior members of the early [[Sangha]]. Most Apadāna stories follow a fairly predictable outline, in which the speaker recounts their meritorious deeds in previous births as ethical individuals in a variety of different circumstances in different parts of [[India]], before finally recounting the story of their present birth and how they came to be disciples of [[The Buddha]]. These stories of the previous lives of famous and not so famous [[Monks]] and nuns may have been meant to provide [[Moral]] examples to lay followers who wished to live as Buddhists but were unable or unwilling to undertake ordination as an ascetic.
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| − | A complete translation of the Apadāna into English is yet to be completed. The following have been translated into English.
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| − | Buddhapadana (the 1st), tr Dwijendralal Barua, in B.C. Law Volume, Part II, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona, 1946, pages 186-9
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| − | Paccekabuddhapadana (the 2nd), tr Ria Kloppenborg, in The [[Paccekabuddha]], E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1974
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| − | Ratthapalapadana, tr Mabel Bode, in Mélanges d'Indianisme offerts par ses élèves à S. Lévi, Paris, 1911
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| − | Pubbakammapilotikabuddhapadana, in The Udana Commentary, tr Peter Masefield, [[Pali]] Text Society[1], Bristol, volume II
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| − | 25 of the last 40 apadanas (the nuns) are included in Commentary on Verses of Theris, tr William Pruitt, 1998, [[Pali]] Text Society, Bristol.
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| − | </poem>
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| − | {{W}}
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| − | [[Category:Buddhist Terms]]
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| − | [[Category:Pali terminology]]
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| − | [[Category:Sutras]]
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