Difference between revisions of "Kunga Lekpa"
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| − | Kunga Lekpa (Kun dga legs pa) (1433–1483) was a King of Tibet who ruled from 1448-1481. He belonged to the [[Phagmodrupa dynasty]], which was the leading political regime in Tibet from 1354 to 1435, and retained a certain political status until the early 17th century. His time saw the further fragmentation of Tibetan politics. | + | ::'' It may also refer to '''[[Drukpa Kunley]]''' "[[The Divine Madman]] of the [[Dragon]] [[Lineage]]"'' |
| + | [[Kunga Lekpa]] ([[Kun dga legs pa]]) (1433–1483) was a [[King of Tibet]] who ruled from 1448-1481. He belonged to the [[Phagmodrupa dynasty]], which was the leading {{Wiki|political}} regime in [[Tibet]] from 1354 to 1435, and retained a certain {{Wiki|political}} {{Wiki|status}} until the early 17th century. His [[time]] saw the further fragmentation of [[Tibetan]] {{Wiki|politics}}. | ||
==Early years== | ==Early years== | ||
| − | Kunga Lekpa was a son of Sangye Gyaltsen, a brother of the last effective ruler of the dynasty, [[Gongma Drakpa Gyaltsen]]. His mother was a lady of the important Rinpungpa family. During the reign of his brother Drakpa Jungne (1432–1445), the central power of the Phagmodrupa broke down, and the Rinpungpa lord Norzang (d. 1466) acquired a leading position in the Tsang region (West Central Tibet). When [[Drakpa Jungne]] died in 1445, there was a three-year interregnum. The young Kunga Lekpa was elevated to abbot of the Tsethang monastery in 1446, and was eventually enthroned as king (gongma, "the high one") in 1448 by a council of ministers. He resided in the Nêdong palace in Ü (East Central Tibet) with Konchok Rinchen as his chief deputy. | + | [[Kunga Lekpa]] was a son of [[Sangye]] [[Gyaltsen]], a brother of the last effective [[ruler]] of the {{Wiki|dynasty}}, [[Gongma Drakpa Gyaltsen]]. His mother was a lady of the important Rinpungpa family. During the reign of his brother [[Drakpa Jungne]] (1432–1445), the central power of the [[Phagmodrupa]] broke down, and the Rinpungpa [[lord]] Norzang (d. 1466) acquired a leading position in the [[Tsang]] region ([[West]] {{Wiki|Central Tibet}}). When [[Drakpa Jungne]] [[died]] in 1445, there was a three-year {{Wiki|interregnum}}. The young [[Kunga Lekpa]] was elevated to [[abbot]] of the Tsethang [[monastery]] in 1446, and was eventually enthroned as [[king]] ([[gongma]], "the high one") in 1448 by a council of ministers. He resided in the [[Wikipedia:Nêdong County|Nêdong]] palace in Ü ([[East]] {{Wiki|Central Tibet}}) with [[Konchok]] Rinchen as his chief deputy. |
| − | ==Conflicting Tibetan and Chinese accounts== | + | ==Conflicting [[Tibetan]] and {{Wiki|Chinese}} accounts== |
| − | His father Sangye Gyaltsen was still alive, and resided in the Tsethang monastery. He only died in 1457. But in the Mingshi or Chinese dynastic annals the succession is given differently than in the Tibetan chronicles. They assert that the father Sangerjie Jianzan Ba Cangbu (Sangye Gyaltsen Pal Tsangpo) succeeded Drakpa Jungne, and ruled in his own name until 1469. After the latter's death the Chenghua Emperor would have "ordered" his son Gongge Liesiba Zhongnai Lingzhan Jianzan Baer Cangbu (Kunga Lekpa Jungne Rinchen Pal Zangpo) to accede to the throne. The historiographical discrepancy is not easily explained, and seems to point to the limited Chinese insights in Tibetan affairs. At any rate the princely title (wang) conferred by the Chenghua Emperor was valued enough by the Tibetan elite to merit a mention in the local chronicles. | + | His father [[Sangye]] [[Gyaltsen]] was still alive, and resided in the Tsethang [[monastery]]. He only [[died]] in 1457. But in the Mingshi or {{Wiki|Chinese}} dynastic annals the succession is given differently than in the [[Tibetan]] chronicles. They assert that the father Sangerjie Jianzan Ba Cangbu ([[Sangye]] [[Gyaltsen]] Pal [[Tsangpo]]) succeeded [[Drakpa Jungne]], and ruled in his own [[name]] until 1469. After the latter's [[death]] the Chenghua [[Emperor]] would have "ordered" his son Gongge Liesiba Zhongnai Lingzhan Jianzan Baer Cangbu ([[Kunga Lekpa]] Jungne [[Rinchen Pal]] [[Zangpo]]) to accede to the [[throne]]. The historiographical discrepancy is not easily explained, and seems to point to the limited {{Wiki|Chinese}} [[insights]] in [[Tibetan]] affairs. At any rate the princely title (wang) conferred by the Chenghua [[Emperor]] was valued enough by the [[Tibetan]] {{Wiki|elite}} to [[merit]] a mention in the local chronicles. |
==Trouble with the Rinpungpa== | ==Trouble with the Rinpungpa== | ||
| − | Kunga Lekpa made a tour in Tsang, where his Rinpungpa kinsman Norzang received him in state. However, the king felt dissatisfied with the treatment accorded him. He was married to a Rinpungpa lady, his cousin, but the marriage was unhappy, and caused serious political repercussions. To this was added religiously tainted disputes. Norzang's grandson Donyo Dorje (1463–1512) was a supporter of the Karmapa sect and insisted on building a monastery outside Lhasa, thus within the orbit of Phagmodru authority. However, hostile [[Gelugpa]] monks raised the new establishment and almost killed the [[Karmapa]] lama [[Chödrak Gyatso]]. Finally, in 1480, Donyo Dorje invaded the Ü region and captured some districts which had hitherto been under Phagmodrupa's control. He also forced the deputy Konchok Rinchen from power. A renewed attack in the next year was unsuccessful, but by now Kunga Lekpa had lost much of his allegiance among the Tibetan elite. The ministers of the kingdom met in the same year 1481 in Nêdong to discuss the conflict between the gongma's faction and the Rinpungpa. In the end Kunga Lekpa was deposed and received an estate as compensation. The throne went to his nephew [[Ngagi Wangpo]]. Two years after this, the old ruler died. He had a son called Rinchen Dorje who became abbot of Tsethang in 1467, but died at a young age. He is sometimes listed as ruler after Kunga Lekpa, which appears to be incorrect. | + | [[Kunga Lekpa]] made a tour in [[Tsang]], where his Rinpungpa kinsman Norzang received him in state. However, the [[king]] felt dissatisfied with the treatment accorded him. He was married to a Rinpungpa lady, his cousin, but the [[marriage]] was [[unhappy]], and [[caused]] serious {{Wiki|political}} repercussions. To this was added religiously [[tainted]] disputes. Norzang's grandson [[Donyo]] [[Dorje]] (1463–1512) was a supporter of the [[Karmapa]] [[sect]] and insisted on building a [[monastery]] outside [[Lhasa]], thus within the orbit of Phagmodru authority. However, {{Wiki|hostile}} [[Gelugpa]] [[monks]] raised the new establishment and almost killed the [[Karmapa]] [[lama]] [[Chödrak Gyatso]]. Finally, in 1480, [[Donyo]] [[Dorje]] invaded the Ü region and captured some districts which had hitherto been under [[Phagmodrupa's]] control. He also forced the deputy [[Konchok]] Rinchen from power. A renewed attack in the next year was unsuccessful, but by now [[Kunga Lekpa]] had lost much of his allegiance among the [[Tibetan]] {{Wiki|elite}}. The ministers of the {{Wiki|kingdom}} met in the same year 1481 in [[Wikipedia:Nêdong County|Nêdong]] to discuss the conflict between the gongma's faction and the Rinpungpa. In the end [[Kunga Lekpa]] was deposed and received an estate as compensation. The [[throne]] went to his nephew [[Ngagi Wangpo]]. Two years after this, the old [[ruler]] [[died]]. He had a son called [[Rinchen Dorje]] who became [[abbot]] of Tsethang in 1467, but [[died]] at a young age. He is sometimes listed as [[ruler]] after [[Kunga Lekpa]], which appears to be incorrect. |
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[[Category:Phagmodrupa Kagyu Lamas]] | [[Category:Phagmodrupa Kagyu Lamas]] | ||
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Revision as of 13:54, 8 July 2014
- It may also refer to Drukpa Kunley "The Divine Madman of the Dragon Lineage"
Kunga Lekpa (Kun dga legs pa) (1433–1483) was a King of Tibet who ruled from 1448-1481. He belonged to the Phagmodrupa dynasty, which was the leading political regime in Tibet from 1354 to 1435, and retained a certain political status until the early 17th century. His time saw the further fragmentation of Tibetan politics.
Early years
Kunga Lekpa was a son of Sangye Gyaltsen, a brother of the last effective ruler of the dynasty, Gongma Drakpa Gyaltsen. His mother was a lady of the important Rinpungpa family. During the reign of his brother Drakpa Jungne (1432–1445), the central power of the Phagmodrupa broke down, and the Rinpungpa lord Norzang (d. 1466) acquired a leading position in the Tsang region (West Central Tibet). When Drakpa Jungne died in 1445, there was a three-year interregnum. The young Kunga Lekpa was elevated to abbot of the Tsethang monastery in 1446, and was eventually enthroned as king (gongma, "the high one") in 1448 by a council of ministers. He resided in the Nêdong palace in Ü (East Central Tibet) with Konchok Rinchen as his chief deputy.
Conflicting Tibetan and Chinese accounts
His father Sangye Gyaltsen was still alive, and resided in the Tsethang monastery. He only died in 1457. But in the Mingshi or Chinese dynastic annals the succession is given differently than in the Tibetan chronicles. They assert that the father Sangerjie Jianzan Ba Cangbu (Sangye Gyaltsen Pal Tsangpo) succeeded Drakpa Jungne, and ruled in his own name until 1469. After the latter's death the Chenghua Emperor would have "ordered" his son Gongge Liesiba Zhongnai Lingzhan Jianzan Baer Cangbu (Kunga Lekpa Jungne Rinchen Pal Zangpo) to accede to the throne. The historiographical discrepancy is not easily explained, and seems to point to the limited Chinese insights in Tibetan affairs. At any rate the princely title (wang) conferred by the Chenghua Emperor was valued enough by the Tibetan elite to merit a mention in the local chronicles.
Trouble with the Rinpungpa
Kunga Lekpa made a tour in Tsang, where his Rinpungpa kinsman Norzang received him in state. However, the king felt dissatisfied with the treatment accorded him. He was married to a Rinpungpa lady, his cousin, but the marriage was unhappy, and caused serious political repercussions. To this was added religiously tainted disputes. Norzang's grandson Donyo Dorje (1463–1512) was a supporter of the Karmapa sect and insisted on building a monastery outside Lhasa, thus within the orbit of Phagmodru authority. However, hostile Gelugpa monks raised the new establishment and almost killed the Karmapa lama Chödrak Gyatso. Finally, in 1480, Donyo Dorje invaded the Ü region and captured some districts which had hitherto been under Phagmodrupa's control. He also forced the deputy Konchok Rinchen from power. A renewed attack in the next year was unsuccessful, but by now Kunga Lekpa had lost much of his allegiance among the Tibetan elite. The ministers of the kingdom met in the same year 1481 in Nêdong to discuss the conflict between the gongma's faction and the Rinpungpa. In the end Kunga Lekpa was deposed and received an estate as compensation. The throne went to his nephew Ngagi Wangpo. Two years after this, the old ruler died. He had a son called Rinchen Dorje who became abbot of Tsethang in 1467, but died at a young age. He is sometimes listed as ruler after Kunga Lekpa, which appears to be incorrect.
