Difference between revisions of "Kusinara - place of the Great Passing Away"
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| − | The [[Buddha's]] last days are described in the [[Pali]] text called the [[Great Parinirvana | + | The [[Buddha's]] last days are described in the [[Pali]] text called the [[Great Parinirvana Sutra]] ([[Parinirvana]] meaning "[[completed nirvana]]"). |
| + | |||
| + | The [[Buddha's]] living [[nirvana]], achieved during [[enlightenment]], at [[death]] transforms to [[nirvana]] without [[human]] residue. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Self]] possessed, without [[psychological]] [[pain]], untroubled by the [[thoughts]] of [[death]], the [[Buddha]] identifies four places of {{Wiki|future}} [[pilgrimage]]: the sites of his [[birth]], [[enlightenment]], [[first sermon]], and [[death]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | "But don't hinder yourself by honouring my remains," he added. | ||
| + | |||
| + | On reaching the village of [[Kusinara]] of the [[Mallas]] on the further side of the [[Hiranyavati]] [[river]], the [[Buddha]] realised that his end was fast approaching. | ||
| + | |||
| + | He told [[Ananda]] to prepare a bed for him with its head turned towards the [[north]] between two {{Wiki|sal trees}}. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Ananda]] who served him for 20 years was deeply upset. "Don't grieve, [[Ananda]]!" the [[Buddha]] consoles him. | ||
| + | |||
| + | "The [[nature]] of things dictates that we must leave those dear to us. Everything born contains its [[own]] [[cessation]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | I too, [[Ananda]], am grown old, and full of years, my journey is drawing to its close, I am turning 80 years of age, and just as a worn-out cart can only with much additional [[care]] be made to move along, | ||
| − | + | so too the [[body]] of the [[Buddha]] can only be kept going with much additional [[care]]". | |
| − | + | As [[desired]] by the [[Buddha]], the [[Mallas]] of [[Kusinara]] were informed of his impending [[death]], and they came to pay respects to him. | |
| − | + | Among them was a {{Wiki|mendicant}} named [[Subhadra]], a 120 year old [[Brahmin]]. | |
| − | When the third quarter of the night approached, the [[Buddha]] asked his [[disciples]] three times if there were any [[doubts]] about the teachings or the [[disciplines]]. The [[Bhikkhus]] stood [[silent]]. "Not one, [[Ananda]], has misgivings. All will eventually reach [[enlightenment]]. | + | He had earlier been turned away by [[Ananda]] but when the [[Buddha]] overheard this he called the [[Brahmin]] to his side. |
| + | |||
| + | He was admitted to the [[Sangha]] ([[Buddhist order]]) and immediately after his [[conversion]] he passed away. | ||
| + | |||
| + | When the third quarter of the night approached, the [[Buddha]] asked his [[disciples]] three times if there were any [[doubts]] about the teachings or the [[disciplines]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The [[Bhikkhus]] stood [[silent]]. "Not one, [[Ananda]], has misgivings. All will eventually reach [[enlightenment]]. | ||
The [[Buddha]] then said his final words, "Listen, [[Bhikkhus]], I say this: all [[conditioned things]] are [[subject]] to [[decay]], strive with [[diligence]] for your [[liberation]]". | The [[Buddha]] then said his final words, "Listen, [[Bhikkhus]], I say this: all [[conditioned things]] are [[subject]] to [[decay]], strive with [[diligence]] for your [[liberation]]". | ||
| − | He then passed into [[meditational]] absorptions and entered [[Mahaparinirvana]] (the great passing away). It was the [[full moon]] of the month of [[Vaisakha]] (April-May) and the year was probably between 487 and 483 B.C. However, according to the [[Sri Lankan tradition]] and other southeastern countries, it is believed that the [[Buddha]] entered [[Parinirvana]] in 544-543 B.C. | + | He then passed into [[meditational]] absorptions and entered [[Mahaparinirvana]] (the great passing away). |
| + | |||
| + | It was the [[full moon]] of the month of [[Vaisakha]] (April-May) and the year was probably between 487 and 483 B.C. | ||
| + | |||
| + | However, according to the [[Sri Lankan tradition]] and other southeastern countries, it is believed that the [[Buddha]] entered [[Parinirvana]] in 544-543 B.C. | ||
| + | |||
| + | For the next six days the [[body]] of the [[Great Master]] was laid in [[state]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Preparations were made for his [[funeral]] under the [[direction]] of Anirudha a cousin and follower of the [[Buddha]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | On the seventh day, after honouring the [[body]] with [[perfumes]] and garlands, it was taken to the Mukutbandhana [[Chaitya]], the [[sacred]] [[shrine]] of the [[Mallas]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The last {{Wiki|ceremony}} was performed by [[Maha]] [[Kasapa]] and the [[body]] of the [[Great Master]] was [[Wikipedia:cremation|cremated]] with due honour. | ||
| + | |||
| + | When the [[cremation]] was completed the ashes were collected by the [[Mallas]] as [[relics]], which consisted of a [[skull]] bone, {{Wiki|teeth}} and inner and outer shrouds. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The [[relics]] were then distributed into eight shares amongst the representatives of the other eight {{Wiki|Kingdoms}} which constituted [[ancient]] {{Wiki|northern India}}. | ||
| + | |||
| + | These [[relics]] were again subdivided after [[King Ashoka]] decided [[to build]] 84,000 [[stupas]]. Today these [[relics]] are enshrined in [[stupas]] across {{Wiki|Asia}}. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The {{Wiki|present}} [[temple]] was built by the {{Wiki|Indian Government}} in 1956 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th year of the [[Mahaparinivana]] or 2500 BE ([[Buddhist Era]]). | ||
| + | |||
| + | Inside this [[temple]], one can see the famous Reclinging [[Buddha]] image {{Wiki|lying}} on its right side with the head to the [[north]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The statue is 6.1 m long and rests on a stone couch. [ see link ] | ||
| + | |||
| + | On the front of the couch are three sculptures, believed to represent Ven. [[Ananda]] near the feet, Ven. [[Subhadda]] at the middle and Ven. [[Dabba]] [[Malla]] at the corner. | ||
| + | |||
| + | At the centre is an inscriptionof the 5th century AD, which states the statue was "a [[gift]] of the [[monk]] Haribala of the [[Mahavihara]] and was fashioned by [[Dinna]]". | ||
| − | + | This 1500-year old [[reclining Buddha]] image was executed out of one block of [[red]] sandstone brough in from [[Mathura]] during the [[Gupta period]]. | |
| − | + | It was discovered in 1876 in a dilapidated [[condition]] and the scattered fragments were successfully pieced together. | |
| − | + | Excavation showed that the original [[temple]] on the site consisted of an oblong hall and antechamber with its entrance facing the [[west]]. | |
| − | + | Large number of bricks with carved surfaces found among the rubbish indicated that the [[temple]] had a barrel-vaulted roof not unlike that on the {{Wiki|modern}} temple.t ic | |
{{R}} | {{R}} | ||
http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/kusinaga.htm | http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/kusinaga.htm | ||
| − | [[Category:]] | + | [[Category:Life and Legends of Buddha]] |
Revision as of 12:49, 10 March 2016
Kusinara - place of the Great Passing Away
The Buddha's last days are described in the Pali text called the Great Parinirvana Sutra (Parinirvana meaning "completed nirvana").
The Buddha's living nirvana, achieved during enlightenment, at death transforms to nirvana without human residue.
Self possessed, without psychological pain, untroubled by the thoughts of death, the Buddha identifies four places of future pilgrimage: the sites of his birth, enlightenment, first sermon, and death.
"But don't hinder yourself by honouring my remains," he added.
On reaching the village of Kusinara of the Mallas on the further side of the Hiranyavati river, the Buddha realised that his end was fast approaching.
He told Ananda to prepare a bed for him with its head turned towards the north between two sal trees.
Ananda who served him for 20 years was deeply upset. "Don't grieve, Ananda!" the Buddha consoles him.
"The nature of things dictates that we must leave those dear to us. Everything born contains its own cessation.
I too, Ananda, am grown old, and full of years, my journey is drawing to its close, I am turning 80 years of age, and just as a worn-out cart can only with much additional care be made to move along,
so too the body of the Buddha can only be kept going with much additional care".
As desired by the Buddha, the Mallas of Kusinara were informed of his impending death, and they came to pay respects to him.
Among them was a mendicant named Subhadra, a 120 year old Brahmin.
He had earlier been turned away by Ananda but when the Buddha overheard this he called the Brahmin to his side.
He was admitted to the Sangha (Buddhist order) and immediately after his conversion he passed away.
When the third quarter of the night approached, the Buddha asked his disciples three times if there were any doubts about the teachings or the disciplines.
The Bhikkhus stood silent. "Not one, Ananda, has misgivings. All will eventually reach enlightenment.
The Buddha then said his final words, "Listen, Bhikkhus, I say this: all conditioned things are subject to decay, strive with diligence for your liberation".
He then passed into meditational absorptions and entered Mahaparinirvana (the great passing away).
It was the full moon of the month of Vaisakha (April-May) and the year was probably between 487 and 483 B.C.
However, according to the Sri Lankan tradition and other southeastern countries, it is believed that the Buddha entered Parinirvana in 544-543 B.C.
For the next six days the body of the Great Master was laid in state.
Preparations were made for his funeral under the direction of Anirudha a cousin and follower of the Buddha.
On the seventh day, after honouring the body with perfumes and garlands, it was taken to the Mukutbandhana Chaitya, the sacred shrine of the Mallas.
The last ceremony was performed by Maha Kasapa and the body of the Great Master was cremated with due honour.
When the cremation was completed the ashes were collected by the Mallas as relics, which consisted of a skull bone, teeth and inner and outer shrouds.
The relics were then distributed into eight shares amongst the representatives of the other eight Kingdoms which constituted ancient northern India.
These relics were again subdivided after King Ashoka decided to build 84,000 stupas. Today these relics are enshrined in stupas across Asia.
The present temple was built by the Indian Government in 1956 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th year of the Mahaparinivana or 2500 BE (Buddhist Era).
Inside this temple, one can see the famous Reclinging Buddha image lying on its right side with the head to the north.
The statue is 6.1 m long and rests on a stone couch. [ see link ]
On the front of the couch are three sculptures, believed to represent Ven. Ananda near the feet, Ven. Subhadda at the middle and Ven. Dabba Malla at the corner.
At the centre is an inscriptionof the 5th century AD, which states the statue was "a gift of the monk Haribala of the Mahavihara and was fashioned by Dinna".
This 1500-year old reclining Buddha image was executed out of one block of red sandstone brough in from Mathura during the Gupta period.
It was discovered in 1876 in a dilapidated condition and the scattered fragments were successfully pieced together.
Excavation showed that the original temple on the site consisted of an oblong hall and antechamber with its entrance facing the west.
Large number of bricks with carved surfaces found among the rubbish indicated that the temple had a barrel-vaulted roof not unlike that on the modern temple.t ic
Source
http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/kusinaga.htm
