Difference between revisions of "Bojjhaṅga"
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| − | '''bojjhaṅga''': 'the [[7 Factors of Enlightenment]]', are: [[Mindfulness]] ([[sati]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]]; s. [[sati]]), investigation of the law ([[dhamma-vicaya]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]]), [[energy]] ([[viriya]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]]; s. [[viriya]], [[padhāna]]), [[rapture]] ([[pīti]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.) [[tranquillity]] ([[passaddhi]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.), [[concentration]] ([[samādhi]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.), [[equanimity]] ([[upekkhā]], q.v.). | + | '''[[bojjhaṅga]]''': 'the [[7 Factors of Enlightenment]]', are: [[Mindfulness]] ([[sati]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]]; s. [[sati]]), investigation of the law ([[dhamma-vicaya]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]]), [[energy]] ([[viriya]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]]; s. [[viriya]], [[padhāna]]), [[rapture]] ([[pīti]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.) [[tranquillity]] ([[passaddhi]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.), [[concentration]] ([[samādhi]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]], q.v.), [[equanimity]] ([[upekkhā]], q.v.). |
"Because they lead to [[enlightenment]], therefore they are called factors of [[enlightenment]]" (S. XLVI, 5). Though in the 2nd factor, [[dhamma-vicaya]], the word [[Dhamma]] is taken by most translators to stand for the [[Buddhist]] [[doctrine]], it probably refers to the [[bodily]] and [[mental phenomena]] ([[nāma-rūpa]]-[[dhammā]]) as presented to the investigating [[mind]] by [[mindfulness]], the 1st factor. With that interpretation, the term may be rendered by 'investigation of [[phenomena]]'.In A.X. 102, the 7 factors are said to be the means of attaining the threefold [[wisdom]] (s. [[tevijjā]]).They may be attained by means of the 4 [[foundations of mindfulness]] ([[Satipaṭṭhāna]], q.v.), as it is said in S. XLVI, 1 and explained in M. 118: | "Because they lead to [[enlightenment]], therefore they are called factors of [[enlightenment]]" (S. XLVI, 5). Though in the 2nd factor, [[dhamma-vicaya]], the word [[Dhamma]] is taken by most translators to stand for the [[Buddhist]] [[doctrine]], it probably refers to the [[bodily]] and [[mental phenomena]] ([[nāma-rūpa]]-[[dhammā]]) as presented to the investigating [[mind]] by [[mindfulness]], the 1st factor. With that interpretation, the term may be rendered by 'investigation of [[phenomena]]'.In A.X. 102, the 7 factors are said to be the means of attaining the threefold [[wisdom]] (s. [[tevijjā]]).They may be attained by means of the 4 [[foundations of mindfulness]] ([[Satipaṭṭhāna]], q.v.), as it is said in S. XLVI, 1 and explained in M. 118: | ||
| − | *(1) "Whenever, o [[monks]], the [[monk]] dwells contemplating the [[body]] ([[kāya]]), [[feeling]] ([[vedanā]]), [[mind]] ([[citta]]) and [[mind]]-objects ([[dhammā]]), strenuous, clearly-[[conscious]], mindful, after subduing [[worldly]] [[greed]] and [[grief]], at such a time his [[mindfulness]] is present and undisturbed; and whenever his [[mindfulness]] is present and undisturbed, at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[mindfulness]]' ([[sati]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]]), and thus this factor of [[enlightenment]] reaches fullest [[perfection]]. | + | *(1) "Whenever, o [[monks]], the [[monk]] dwells contemplating the [[body]] ([[kāya]]), [[feeling]] ([[vedanā]]), [[mind]] ([[citta]]) and [[mind]]-[[objects]] ([[dhammā]]), strenuous, clearly-[[conscious]], [[mindful]], after subduing [[worldly]] [[greed]] and [[grief]], at such a [[time]] his [[mindfulness]] is present and undisturbed; and whenever his [[mindfulness]] is present and undisturbed, at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[mindfulness]]' ([[sati]]-[[sambojjhaṅga]]), and thus this factor of [[enlightenment]] reaches fullest [[perfection]]. |
| − | *(2) "Whenever, while dwelling with [[mindfulness]], he wisely investigates, examines and [[thinks]] over the law ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] 'investigation of the law' ([[dhamma-vicaya]]°) .... | + | *(2) "Whenever, while dwelling with [[mindfulness]], he wisely investigates, examines and [[thinks]] over the law ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] 'investigation of the law' ([[dhamma-vicaya]]°) .... |
| − | *(3) "Whenever, while wisely investigating his [[energy]] is firm and unshaken ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[energy]]' (viriya°) .... | + | *(3) "Whenever, while wisely investigating his [[energy]] is firm and unshaken ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[energy]]' (viriya°) .... |
| − | *(4) "Whenever in him, while firm in [[energy]], arises [[supersensuous]] [[rapture]] ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[rapture]]' ([[pīti]]°) .. | + | *(4) "Whenever in him, while firm in [[energy]], arises [[supersensuous]] [[rapture]] ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[rapture]]' ([[pīti]]°) .. |
| − | *(5) "Whenever, while enraptured in [[mind]], his [[body]] and his [[mind]] become composed ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[tranquillity]]' ([[passaddhi]]°). | + | *(5) "Whenever, while [[enraptured]] in [[mind]], his [[body]] and his [[mind]] become composed ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[tranquillity]]' ([[passaddhi]]°). |
| − | *(6) "Whenever, while being composed in his [[body]] and [[happy]], his [[mind]] becomes concentrated ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[concentration]]' ([[samādhi]]°) | + | *(6) "Whenever, while [[being]] composed in his [[body]] and [[happy]], his [[mind]] becomes [[concentrated]] ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[concentration]]' ([[samādhi]]°) |
| − | *(7) "Whenever he looks with complete indifference on his [[mind]] thus concentrated ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[equanimity]]' ([[upekkhā]]). | + | *(7) "Whenever he looks with complete [[indifference]] on his [[mind]] thus [[concentrated]] ... at such a [[time]] he has gained and is developing the factor of [[enlightenment]] '[[equanimity]]' ([[upekkhā]]). |
| − | Literature: Bojjhaṅga Saṃyutta (S. XLVI); Bojjhaṅga Vibh. - For the conditions leading to the arising of each of the factors, see the Com. to [[Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta]] (Way of [[Mindfulness]], by Soma Thera; 3rd ed., 1967, BPS). Further, The '[[Seven Factors of Enlightenment]], by Piyadassi Thera (WHEEL 1.). | + | Literature: [[Bojjhaṅga]] [[Saṃyutta]] (S. XLVI); [[Bojjhaṅga]] Vibh. - For the [[conditions]] leading to the arising of each of the factors, see the Com. to [[Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta]] (Way of [[Mindfulness]], by [[Soma]] [[Thera]]; 3rd ed., 1967, BPS). Further, The '[[Seven Factors of Enlightenment]], by Piyadassi [[Thera]] (WHEEL 1.). |
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Revision as of 05:57, 26 August 2013
bojjhaṅga: 'the 7 Factors of Enlightenment', are: Mindfulness (sati-sambojjhaṅga; s. sati), investigation of the law (dhamma-vicaya-sambojjhaṅga), energy (viriya-sambojjhaṅga; s. viriya, padhāna), rapture (pīti-sambojjhaṅga, q.v.) tranquillity (passaddhi-sambojjhaṅga, q.v.), concentration (samādhi-sambojjhaṅga, q.v.), equanimity (upekkhā, q.v.).
"Because they lead to enlightenment, therefore they are called factors of enlightenment" (S. XLVI, 5). Though in the 2nd factor, dhamma-vicaya, the word Dhamma is taken by most translators to stand for the Buddhist doctrine, it probably refers to the bodily and mental phenomena (nāma-rūpa-dhammā) as presented to the investigating mind by mindfulness, the 1st factor. With that interpretation, the term may be rendered by 'investigation of phenomena'.In A.X. 102, the 7 factors are said to be the means of attaining the threefold wisdom (s. tevijjā).They may be attained by means of the 4 foundations of mindfulness (Satipaṭṭhāna, q.v.), as it is said in S. XLVI, 1 and explained in M. 118:
- (1) "Whenever, o monks, the monk dwells contemplating the body (kāya), feeling (vedanā), mind (citta) and mind-objects (dhammā), strenuous, clearly-conscious, mindful, after subduing worldly greed and grief, at such a time his mindfulness is present and undisturbed; and whenever his mindfulness is present and undisturbed, at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'mindfulness' (sati-sambojjhaṅga), and thus this factor of enlightenment reaches fullest perfection.
- (2) "Whenever, while dwelling with mindfulness, he wisely investigates, examines and thinks over the law ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'investigation of the law' (dhamma-vicaya°) ....
- (3) "Whenever, while wisely investigating his energy is firm and unshaken ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'energy' (viriya°) ....
- (4) "Whenever in him, while firm in energy, arises supersensuous rapture ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'rapture' (pīti°) ..
- (5) "Whenever, while enraptured in mind, his body and his mind become composed ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'tranquillity' (passaddhi°).
- (6) "Whenever, while being composed in his body and happy, his mind becomes concentrated ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'concentration' (samādhi°)
- (7) "Whenever he looks with complete indifference on his mind thus concentrated ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment 'equanimity' (upekkhā).
Literature: Bojjhaṅga Saṃyutta (S. XLVI); Bojjhaṅga Vibh. - For the conditions leading to the arising of each of the factors, see the Com. to Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta (Way of Mindfulness, by Soma Thera; 3rd ed., 1967, BPS). Further, The 'Seven Factors of Enlightenment, by Piyadassi Thera (WHEEL 1.).
