Difference between revisions of "Subhuti"
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[[Image:Rabjor or Subhuti.jpg|thumb|200px|A Tibetan illustration of Subhūti, where he is known as Rabjor.]] | [[Image:Rabjor or Subhuti.jpg|thumb|200px|A Tibetan illustration of Subhūti, where he is known as Rabjor.]] | ||
[[Image:Subhuti_diamond_sutra_detail_retouched.jpeg|thumb|200px|Elder Subhūti addresses the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]], in the earliest dated printed [[book]] ([[Diamond Sūtra]]).]] | [[Image:Subhuti_diamond_sutra_detail_retouched.jpeg|thumb|200px|Elder Subhūti addresses the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]], in the earliest dated printed [[book]] ([[Diamond Sūtra]]).]] | ||
| − | '''[[Subhūti]]''' ([[Sanskrit]]: सुभूति; {{Wiki|Chinese}}: 须菩提; pinyin: Xūpútí) was one of the Ten Great [[Sravaka|Śrāvakas]] of [[Gautama Buddha|Śākyamuni Buddha]], and foremost in the [[understanding]] of [[emptiness]]. In [[Sanskrit]], his [[name]] literally means "Good [[Existence]]" (''su'': "good", ''bhūti'': "[[existence]]"). He is also sometimes referred to as or " | + | |
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| + | '''[[Subhūti]]''' ([[Sanskrit]]: [[सुभूति]]; {{Wiki|Chinese}}: [[须菩提]]; pinyin: Xūpútí) was one of the Ten Great [[Sravaka|Śrāvakas]] of [[Gautama Buddha|Śākyamuni Buddha]], and foremost in the [[understanding]] of [[emptiness]]. | ||
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| + | In [[Sanskrit]], his [[name]] literally means "Good [[Existence]]" (''su'': "good", ''[[bhūti]]'': "[[existence]]"). He is also sometimes referred to as or "[[Elder Subhūti]]" ([[Sthavira Subhūti]]). | ||
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| + | He was a contemporary of such famous [[arhat]]s as [[Sariputra|Śāriputra]], [[Mahakasyapa|Mahākāśyapa]], [[Maudgalyayana|Mahāmaudgalyāyana]], [[Katyayana|Mahākātyāyana]], and [[Ananda|Ānanda]]. | ||
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==In [[Mahāyāna]] [[Buddhism]]== | ==In [[Mahāyāna]] [[Buddhism]]== | ||
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| − | In the [[Lotus Sutra]] (Skt. [[Saddharma Puṇḍarīka]] [[Sūtra]]), Chapter 6 (Bestowal of {{Wiki|Prophecy}}), the [[Buddha]] bestows {{Wiki|prophecies}} of [[enlightenment]] on [[Subhūti]], along with other [[śrāvakas]] such as [[Mahākāśyapa]], [[Mahākātyāyana]], and [[Mahāmaudgalyāyana]]. | + | Among the [[Mahayana|Mahāyāna]] [[traditions]], [[Subhūti]] is perhaps best known as the [[disciple]] with whom the [[Buddha]] speaks when imparting the [[Diamond Sutra|Diamond Sūtra]] (Skt. ''[[Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra]]''), an important [[teaching]] within the [[Prajñāpāramitā]] genre. |
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| + | This, along with the [[Heart Sutra|Heart Sūtra]] (Skt. ''[[Prajñāpāramitā]] [[Hṛdaya]]''), is one of the most well-known [[sūtras]] among both practitioners and non-practitioners of [[Buddhism]]. [[Subhūti]] is also responsible for much of the [[exposition]] in earlier [[Prajñāpāramitā sūtras]]. | ||
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| + | Among the [[Mahāyāna]] [[traditions]], [[Subhūti]] is perhaps best known as the [[disciple]] with whom the [[Buddha]] speaks when imparting the [[Diamond Sūtra]] (Skt. [[Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra]]), an important [[teaching]] within the [[Prajñāpāramitā]] genre. | ||
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| + | This, along with the [[Heart Sūtra]] (Skt. [[Prajñāpāramitā]] [[Hṛdaya]]), is one of the most well-known [[sūtras]] among both practitioners and non-practitioners of [[Buddhism]]. [[Subhūti]] is also responsible for much of the [[exposition]] in earlier [[Prajñāpāramitā sūtras]]. | ||
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| + | In the [[Lotus Sutra]] (Skt. [[Saddharma Puṇḍarīka]] [[Sūtra]]), [[Chapter]] 6 (Bestowal of {{Wiki|Prophecy}}), the [[Buddha]] bestows {{Wiki|prophecies}} of [[enlightenment]] on [[Subhūti]], along with other [[śrāvakas]] such as [[Mahākāśyapa]], [[Mahākātyāyana]], and [[Mahāmaudgalyāyana]]. | ||
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==In [[Theravada]] [[Buddhism]]== | ==In [[Theravada]] [[Buddhism]]== | ||
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In [[Theravada Buddhism]], [[Subhūti]] is much less prominent. | In [[Theravada Buddhism]], [[Subhūti]] is much less prominent. | ||
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In [[Zen]] writings | In [[Zen]] writings | ||
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In [[Zen]] [[Buddhism]], [[Subhūti]] appears in several [[koan]]s, such as this one: | In [[Zen]] [[Buddhism]], [[Subhūti]] appears in several [[koan]]s, such as this one: | ||
| − | : One day, in a mood of [[sublime]] [[emptiness]], [[Subhuti]] was resting underneath a [[tree]] when [[flowers]] began to fall about him. "We are praising you for your {{Wiki|discourse}} on [[emptiness]]," the [[gods]] whispered to [[Subhuti]]. "But I have not spoken of [[emptiness]]," replied [[Subhuti]]. "You have not spoken of [[emptiness]], we have not [[heard]] [[emptiness]]," responded the [[gods]]. "This is the true [[emptiness]]." The blossoms showered upon [[Subhuti]] as [[rain]]. | + | |
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| + | : One day, in a [[mood]] of [[sublime]] [[emptiness]], [[Subhuti]] was resting underneath a [[tree]] when [[flowers]] began to fall about him. | ||
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| + | "We are praising you for your {{Wiki|discourse}} on [[emptiness]]," the [[gods]] whispered to [[Subhuti]]. | ||
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| + | "But I have not spoken of [[emptiness]]," replied [[Subhuti]]. | ||
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| + | "You have not spoken of [[emptiness]], we have not [[heard]] [[emptiness]]," responded the [[gods]]. | ||
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| + | "This is the true [[emptiness]]." The blossoms showered upon [[Subhuti]] as [[rain]]. | ||
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==[[Lineage]] of the [[Panchen]] [[Lamas]]== | ==[[Lineage]] of the [[Panchen]] [[Lamas]]== | ||
| − | In the [[lineage]] of the [[Panchen]] [[Lamas]] of [[Tibet]] there were considered to be four "[[Indian]]" and three [[Tibetan]] [[incarnations]] of [[Amitabha Buddha]] before [[Khedrup Gelek Pelzang]], who is recognised as the first [[Panchen Lama]]. The [[lineage]] starts with [[Subhuti]]. | + | |
| + | In the [[lineage]] of the [[Panchen]] [[Lamas]] of [[Tibet]] there were considered to be four "[[Indian]]" and three [[Tibetan]] [[incarnations]] of [[Amitabha Buddha]] before [[Khedrup Gelek Pelzang]], who is recognised as the first [[Panchen Lama]]. | ||
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| + | The [[lineage]] starts with [[Subhuti]]. | ||
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==In {{Wiki|Chinese}} {{Wiki|literature}}== | ==In {{Wiki|Chinese}} {{Wiki|literature}}== | ||
| − | [[Subhūti]] appears as a [[character]] in the {{Wiki|Chinese}} classical {{Wiki|novel}} Journey to the | + | |
| + | [[Subhūti]] appears as a [[character]] in the {{Wiki|Chinese}} classical {{Wiki|novel}} [[Journey to the West]], as the [[teacher]] of the [[Monkey King]] [[Sun Wukong]]. | ||
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| + | The story of [[Sun Wukong]] first meeting [[Subhūti]] was a play on the [[Zen]] story of [[Huineng]] meeting [[Hongren]], as told in the [[Platform Sūtra]] of [[Zen]] [[Buddhism]]. | ||
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| + | Due to the role that [[Subhūti]] plays in the story, his [[name]] has remained familiar in {{Wiki|Chinese}} {{Wiki|culture}}. | ||
{{R}} | {{R}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:50, 11 March 2015
Subhūti (Sanskrit: सुभूति; Chinese: 须菩提; pinyin: Xūpútí) was one of the Ten Great Śrāvakas of Śākyamuni Buddha, and foremost in the understanding of emptiness.
In Sanskrit, his name literally means "Good Existence" (su: "good", bhūti: "existence"). He is also sometimes referred to as or "Elder Subhūti" (Sthavira Subhūti).
He was a contemporary of such famous arhats as Śāriputra, Mahākāśyapa, Mahāmaudgalyāyana, Mahākātyāyana, and Ānanda.
In Mahāyāna Buddhism
Among the Mahāyāna traditions, Subhūti is perhaps best known as the disciple with whom the Buddha speaks when imparting the Diamond Sūtra (Skt. Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra), an important teaching within the Prajñāpāramitā genre.
This, along with the Heart Sūtra (Skt. Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya), is one of the most well-known sūtras among both practitioners and non-practitioners of Buddhism. Subhūti is also responsible for much of the exposition in earlier Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Among the Mahāyāna traditions, Subhūti is perhaps best known as the disciple with whom the Buddha speaks when imparting the Diamond Sūtra (Skt. Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra), an important teaching within the Prajñāpāramitā genre.
This, along with the Heart Sūtra (Skt. Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya), is one of the most well-known sūtras among both practitioners and non-practitioners of Buddhism. Subhūti is also responsible for much of the exposition in earlier Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In the Lotus Sutra (Skt. Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtra), Chapter 6 (Bestowal of Prophecy), the Buddha bestows prophecies of enlightenment on Subhūti, along with other śrāvakas such as Mahākāśyapa, Mahākātyāyana, and Mahāmaudgalyāyana.
In Theravada Buddhism
In Theravada Buddhism, Subhūti is much less prominent.
In Zen writings
In Zen Buddhism, Subhūti appears in several koans, such as this one:
- One day, in a mood of sublime emptiness, Subhuti was resting underneath a tree when flowers began to fall about him.
"We are praising you for your discourse on emptiness," the gods whispered to Subhuti.
"But I have not spoken of emptiness," replied Subhuti.
"You have not spoken of emptiness, we have not heard emptiness," responded the gods.
"This is the true emptiness." The blossoms showered upon Subhuti as rain.
Lineage of the Panchen Lamas
In the lineage of the Panchen Lamas of Tibet there were considered to be four "Indian" and three Tibetan incarnations of Amitabha Buddha before Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, who is recognised as the first Panchen Lama.
The lineage starts with Subhuti.
In Chinese literature
Subhūti appears as a character in the Chinese classical novel Journey to the West, as the teacher of the Monkey King Sun Wukong.
The story of Sun Wukong first meeting Subhūti was a play on the Zen story of Huineng meeting Hongren, as told in the Platform Sūtra of Zen Buddhism.
Due to the role that Subhūti plays in the story, his name has remained familiar in Chinese culture.
