Difference between revisions of "Dvapara Yuga"
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| − | [[Dvapara Yuga]] or [[Dwapara Yuga]] (Devanagari: {{SanskritBig|[[द्वापर युग]]}}) is the third out of four yugas, or ages, described in the scriptures of Hinduism. This yuga comes after Treta Yuga and before Kali Yuga. According to the Puranas this yuga ended at the moment when Krishna returned to his eternal abode of Vaikuntha. According to the Bhagavata Purana, the Dvapara Yuga lasts 864,000 years. | + | [[Dvapara Yuga]] or [[Dwapara Yuga]] ({{Wiki|Devanagari}}: {{SanskritBig|[[द्वापर युग]]}}) is the third out of four [[yugas]], or ages, described in the [[scriptures]] of [[Hinduism]]. This [[yuga]] comes after [[Treta Yuga]] and before [[Kali Yuga]]. According to the {{Wiki|Puranas}} this [[yuga]] ended at the moment when [[Krishna]] returned to his [[eternal]] abode of [[Vaikuntha]]. According to the [[Bhagavata Purana]], the [[Dvapara Yuga]] lasts 864,000 years. |
| − | There are only two pillars left of religion in the Dvapara Yuga: Compassion and Truthfulness. Lord Vishnu assumes the colour yellow and the Vedas are categorized into four parts that is Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva. During these times the Brahmins are knowledgeable of two, sometimes three Vedas, but rarely have studied all the four Vedas thoroughly. Accordingly, because of this categorization, different actions and activities come into existence. | + | There are only two pillars left of [[religion]] in the [[Dvapara Yuga]]: [[Compassion]] and [[Truthfulness]]. [[Lord]] [[Vishnu]] assumes the {{Wiki|colour}} yellow and the [[Vedas]] are categorized into four parts that is Rig, [[Sama]], Yajur and Atharva. During these times the [[Brahmins]] are [[knowledgeable]] of two, sometimes three [[Vedas]], but rarely have studied all the four [[Vedas]] thoroughly. Accordingly, because of this categorization, different [[actions]] and [[activities]] come into [[existence]]. |
==The roles of the classes== | ==The roles of the classes== | ||
| − | All people in the Dvapara Yuga are jealous, valiant, courageous and competitive by nature and are engaged only in penance and charity. They are kingly and pleasure-seeking. In this era, the divine intellect ceases to exist, and it is therefore seldom that anyone is wholly truthful. As a result of this life of deceit, people are plagued by ailments, diseases and various types of desires. After suffering from these ailments, people realize their misdeeds and perform penance. Some also organize Yagya for material benefits as well as for divinity. | + | All [[people]] in the [[Dvapara Yuga]] are [[jealous]], valiant, courageous and competitive by [[nature]] and are engaged only in penance and [[charity]]. They are kingly and pleasure-seeking. In this {{Wiki|era}}, the [[divine]] {{Wiki|intellect}} ceases to [[exist]], and it is therefore seldom that anyone is wholly truthful. As a result of this [[life]] of [[deceit]], [[people]] are plagued by {{Wiki|ailments}}, {{Wiki|diseases}} and various types of [[desires]]. After [[suffering]] from these {{Wiki|ailments}}, [[people]] realize their misdeeds and perform penance. Some also organize Yagya for material benefits as well as for [[divinity]]. |
| − | ===Brahmana=== | + | ===[[Brahmana]]=== |
| − | In this Yuga, the Brahmanas are involved in Yagya, self-study, donation and teaching activities. They attain celestial bliss by engaging in penance, religion, control of senses and restraint. | + | In this [[Yuga]], the [[Brahmanas]] are involved in Yagya, [[self-study]], donation and [[teaching]] [[activities]]. They attain [[celestial]] [[bliss]] by engaging in penance, [[religion]], control of [[senses]] and {{Wiki|restraint}}. |
| − | ===Kshatriya=== | + | ===[[Kshatriya]]=== |
| − | The duties of Kshatriyas are the protection of their subjects. In this era, they are humble and perform their duties by controlling their senses. The Kshatriyas honestly execute all policies of law and order without being angry or cruel. They are devoid of greed and consequently attain bliss. | + | The duties of {{Wiki|Kshatriyas}} are the [[protection]] of their [[subjects]]. In this {{Wiki|era}}, they are [[humble]] and perform their duties by controlling their [[senses]]. The {{Wiki|Kshatriyas}} honestly execute all policies of law and order without being [[angry]] or {{Wiki|cruel}}. They are devoid of [[greed]] and consequently attain [[bliss]]. |
| − | The king avails the advice of the learned scholars and accordingly maintains law and order in his empire. The king who is addicted to vices will definitely end up defeated. One or two or all from Sāma, Dāna, Danda, Bheda and Upeksha is/are brought into use and help attain the desired. Kings are diligent in maintaining public decorum and order. | + | The [[king]] avails the advice of the learned [[scholars]] and accordingly maintains law and order in his [[empire]]. The [[king]] who is addicted to vices will definitely end up defeated. One or two or all from [[Sāma]], [[Dāna]], [[Danda]], Bheda and [[Upeksha]] is/are brought into use and help attain the [[desired]]. [[Kings]] are diligent in maintaining public [[decorum]] and order. |
| − | A few of the kings, however, surreptitiously plan a conspiracy along with the scholars. Strong people execute work where execution of policies is involved. The king appoints priests, etc. to perform religious activities, economists and ministers to perform monetary activities, impotents to take care of women and cruel men to execute heinous activities. | + | A few of the [[kings]], however, surreptitiously plan a conspiracy along with the [[scholars]]. Strong [[people]] execute work where execution of policies is involved. The [[king]] appoints {{Wiki|priests}}, etc. to perform [[religious]] [[activities]], economists and ministers to perform monetary [[activities]], impotents to take care of women and {{Wiki|cruel}} men to execute heinous [[activities]]. |
| − | There are two kshatriya dynasties, namely 'Surya Vansha' and 'Chandra Vansha'. | + | There are two [[kshatriya]] dynasties, namely '[[Surya]] Vansha' and '[[Chandra]] Vansha'. |
| − | ===Vaishya=== | + | ===[[Vaishya]]=== |
| − | Vaishyas are mostly landowners and merchants. The duties of Vaishyas are trade and agriculture. Vaishyas attain higher planes through charity and hospitality. Krishna, eighth Avatar of Vishnu was brought up in a Vaishya family though he was a born Kshatriya. | + | [[Vaishyas]] are mostly landowners and {{Wiki|merchants}}. The duties of [[Vaishyas]] are trade and {{Wiki|agriculture}}. [[Vaishyas]] attain higher planes through [[charity]] and [[hospitality]]. [[Krishna]], eighth [[Avatar]] of [[Vishnu]] was brought up in a [[Vaishya]] family though he was a born [[Kshatriya]]. |
| − | ===Sudra=== | + | ===[[Sudra]]=== |
| − | The duty of Sudras is to perform tasks that demand highly physical work. Although their form of labour is different from the other three castes, the Sudras are not discriminated against. In fact Vidura, the famous Prime Minister of Hastinapura was born in the Sudra community and attained the status of a Brahmin due to his wisdom, righteousness and learning. All other three sections namely Brahmana, Kshatriya and Vaishya protected Sudras and contributed for their safety and happiness. | + | The [[duty]] of [[Sudras]] is to perform tasks that demand highly [[physical]] work. Although their [[form]] of labour is different from the other three [[castes]], the [[Sudras]] are not discriminated against. In fact Vidura, the famous Prime [[Minister]] of {{Wiki|Hastinapura}} was born in the [[Sudra]] {{Wiki|community}} and [[attained]] the {{Wiki|status}} of a [[Brahmin]] due to his [[wisdom]], [[righteousness]] and {{Wiki|learning}}. All other three [[sections]] namely [[Brahmana]], [[Kshatriya]] and [[Vaishya]] protected [[Sudras]] and contributed for their safety and [[happiness]]. |
| − | ==In modern culture== | + | ==In {{Wiki|modern}} {{Wiki|culture}}== |
| − | In 1894, Swami Sri Yukteswar, with his book The Holy Science, broke from Hindu tradition in stating that the earth is not in the age of Kali Yuga, but has advanced to Dwapara Yuga. His proof was based on a new perspective of the precession of the equinoxes, correcting a problem of interpretation of the ancient texts. | + | In 1894, Swami Sri Yukteswar, with his [[book]] The {{Wiki|Holy}} [[Science]], broke from [[Hindu]] [[tradition]] in stating that the [[earth]] is not in the age of [[Kali Yuga]], but has advanced to [[Dwapara Yuga]]. His [[proof]] was based on a new {{Wiki|perspective}} of the {{Wiki|precession}} of the {{Wiki|equinoxes}}, correcting a problem of interpretation of the {{Wiki|ancient}} texts. |
| − | In Namco's Soul series, Kilik, the wielder of the Kali Yuga staff, also possess the mirror sash by the same name. In the end of the battle against Inferno, he uses the mirror to extinguish the flames. In Soulcalibur II, Soulcalibur III, and Soulcalibur IV he wears a necklace that includes a piece of the Dvapara Yuga used as a pendant for rituals. | + | In Namco's [[Soul]] series, Kilik, the wielder of the [[Kali Yuga]] [[staff]], also possess the [[mirror]] sash by the same [[name]]. In the end of the {{Wiki|battle}} against Inferno, he uses the [[mirror]] to extinguish the flames. In Soulcalibur II, Soulcalibur III, and Soulcalibur IV he wears a necklace that includes a piece of the [[Dvapara Yuga]] used as a pendant for [[rituals]]. |
{{W}} | {{W}} | ||
[[Category:Yuga]] | [[Category:Yuga]] | ||
Revision as of 20:53, 11 April 2014
Dvapara Yuga or Dwapara Yuga (Devanagari: द्वापर युग) is the third out of four yugas, or ages, described in the scriptures of Hinduism. This yuga comes after Treta Yuga and before Kali Yuga. According to the Puranas this yuga ended at the moment when Krishna returned to his eternal abode of Vaikuntha. According to the Bhagavata Purana, the Dvapara Yuga lasts 864,000 years.
There are only two pillars left of religion in the Dvapara Yuga: Compassion and Truthfulness. Lord Vishnu assumes the colour yellow and the Vedas are categorized into four parts that is Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva. During these times the Brahmins are knowledgeable of two, sometimes three Vedas, but rarely have studied all the four Vedas thoroughly. Accordingly, because of this categorization, different actions and activities come into existence.
The roles of the classes
All people in the Dvapara Yuga are jealous, valiant, courageous and competitive by nature and are engaged only in penance and charity. They are kingly and pleasure-seeking. In this era, the divine intellect ceases to exist, and it is therefore seldom that anyone is wholly truthful. As a result of this life of deceit, people are plagued by ailments, diseases and various types of desires. After suffering from these ailments, people realize their misdeeds and perform penance. Some also organize Yagya for material benefits as well as for divinity.
Brahmana
In this Yuga, the Brahmanas are involved in Yagya, self-study, donation and teaching activities. They attain celestial bliss by engaging in penance, religion, control of senses and restraint.
Kshatriya
The duties of Kshatriyas are the protection of their subjects. In this era, they are humble and perform their duties by controlling their senses. The Kshatriyas honestly execute all policies of law and order without being angry or cruel. They are devoid of greed and consequently attain bliss.
The king avails the advice of the learned scholars and accordingly maintains law and order in his empire. The king who is addicted to vices will definitely end up defeated. One or two or all from Sāma, Dāna, Danda, Bheda and Upeksha is/are brought into use and help attain the desired. Kings are diligent in maintaining public decorum and order.
A few of the kings, however, surreptitiously plan a conspiracy along with the scholars. Strong people execute work where execution of policies is involved. The king appoints priests, etc. to perform religious activities, economists and ministers to perform monetary activities, impotents to take care of women and cruel men to execute heinous activities.
There are two kshatriya dynasties, namely 'Surya Vansha' and 'Chandra Vansha'.
Vaishya
Vaishyas are mostly landowners and merchants. The duties of Vaishyas are trade and agriculture. Vaishyas attain higher planes through charity and hospitality. Krishna, eighth Avatar of Vishnu was brought up in a Vaishya family though he was a born Kshatriya.
Sudra
The duty of Sudras is to perform tasks that demand highly physical work. Although their form of labour is different from the other three castes, the Sudras are not discriminated against. In fact Vidura, the famous Prime Minister of Hastinapura was born in the Sudra community and attained the status of a Brahmin due to his wisdom, righteousness and learning. All other three sections namely Brahmana, Kshatriya and Vaishya protected Sudras and contributed for their safety and happiness.
In modern culture
In 1894, Swami Sri Yukteswar, with his book The Holy Science, broke from Hindu tradition in stating that the earth is not in the age of Kali Yuga, but has advanced to Dwapara Yuga. His proof was based on a new perspective of the precession of the equinoxes, correcting a problem of interpretation of the ancient texts.
In Namco's Soul series, Kilik, the wielder of the Kali Yuga staff, also possess the mirror sash by the same name. In the end of the battle against Inferno, he uses the mirror to extinguish the flames. In Soulcalibur II, Soulcalibur III, and Soulcalibur IV he wears a necklace that includes a piece of the Dvapara Yuga used as a pendant for rituals.
