Difference between revisions of "The Introduction of Buddhism to Japan"
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| − | [[Buddhism]] was slowly introduced into [[Japan]] from [[Korea]] and [[China]] over an extended period of [[time]]. The first proveable introduction of [[Buddhism]] to [[Japan]] was in the year 552 when emissaries sent from [[Korea]] by Seong of | + | [[Buddhism]] was slowly introduced into [[Japan]] from [[Korea]] and [[China]] over an extended period of [[time]]. The first proveable introduction of [[Buddhism]] to [[Japan]] was in the year 552 when emissaries sent from [[Korea]] by [[Seong of Baekje]] introduced eight [[doctrinal]] schools to [[Japan]]. Later after [[Buddhist philosophy]] had been well established in [[Japan]] it was largely confined to the [[monasteries]] where it was primarily a small number of [[scholarly]] [[philosophical]] "study groups" and not a popular [[religion]]. |
Under the influence of {{Wiki|Empress Suiko}}, [[Buddhism]] became somewhat known to the general population. {{Wiki|Imperial}} envoys were sent to the {{Wiki|Chinese}} {{Wiki|Sui Dynasty}} in 607 to obtain copies of [[Buddhist]] [[Sūtras]]. Twenty years later there were 46 [[Buddhist]] [[temples]] which accomodated 816 [[Buddhist]] [[monks]] and 569 [[Buddhist]] [[nuns]]. | Under the influence of {{Wiki|Empress Suiko}}, [[Buddhism]] became somewhat known to the general population. {{Wiki|Imperial}} envoys were sent to the {{Wiki|Chinese}} {{Wiki|Sui Dynasty}} in 607 to obtain copies of [[Buddhist]] [[Sūtras]]. Twenty years later there were 46 [[Buddhist]] [[temples]] which accomodated 816 [[Buddhist]] [[monks]] and 569 [[Buddhist]] [[nuns]]. | ||
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During the {{Wiki|Heian Period}}, [[Japanese]] [[monks]] were sent to [[China]] to study and brought back [[doctrines]] which contributed to the [[Tendai]] and [[Shingon]] Orders. | During the {{Wiki|Heian Period}}, [[Japanese]] [[monks]] were sent to [[China]] to study and brought back [[doctrines]] which contributed to the [[Tendai]] and [[Shingon]] Orders. | ||
| − | The [[Kamakura Period]] could be characterized by the introduction of [[Zen]] as well as the Amida/Amitabha devotional Orders. During this [[time]] {{Wiki|Chinese}} [[Masters]] of the various Ch'an/Zen [[traditions]] came to [[Japan]] | + | The [[Kamakura Period]] could be characterized by the introduction of [[Zen]] as well as the [[Amida]]/[[Amitabha]] devotional Orders. During this [[time]] {{Wiki|Chinese}} [[Masters]] of the various [[Ch'an]]/[[Zen]] [[traditions]] came to [[Japan]] |
After the [[Kamakura Period]] new, uniquely [[Japanese]] Orders, primarily based upon the devotional [[Pure Land]] Order, came into being. These new devotional interpretations established by {{Wiki|charismatic}} [[Japanese]] figures today represent the {{Wiki|mainstream}} of {{Wiki|modern}} [[Japanese Buddhism]]. | After the [[Kamakura Period]] new, uniquely [[Japanese]] Orders, primarily based upon the devotional [[Pure Land]] Order, came into being. These new devotional interpretations established by {{Wiki|charismatic}} [[Japanese]] figures today represent the {{Wiki|mainstream}} of {{Wiki|modern}} [[Japanese Buddhism]]. | ||
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[[Jōjitsu-shū]] (j), [[Satyasiddhi]] (s) | [[Jōjitsu-shū]] (j), [[Satyasiddhi]] (s) | ||
Derives from the [[Indian]] [[Sautrantika school]] which does not accept the [[Abhidharma Pitaka]]. | Derives from the [[Indian]] [[Sautrantika school]] which does not accept the [[Abhidharma Pitaka]]. | ||
| − | Introduced to [[Japan]] in 625 by the [[Korean]] [[monk]] Hyegwan (k), [[Ekwan]] (c), [[Ekan]] (j), whose two [[disciples]] established the [[Jujitsu]] teachings within the [[Sanron]] [[tradition]]. | + | Introduced to [[Japan]] in 625 by the [[Korean]] [[monk]] [[Hyegwan]] (k), [[Ekwan]] (c), [[Ekan]] (j), whose two [[disciples]] established the [[Jujitsu]] teachings within the [[Sanron]] [[tradition]]. |
Primary text: [[Satyasiddhi Śāstra]] by [[Harivarman]] (3th cent) | Primary text: [[Satyasiddhi Śāstra]] by [[Harivarman]] (3th cent) | ||
| − | Founded by: Seng-t'ao and Seng-sung (wg) | + | Founded by: [[Seng-t'ao]] and [[Seng-sung]] (wg) |
[[Hossō-shū]] (j)/Yugagyouha (j), [[Yogācāra]] (s), [[Mind Only]] (e) Order | [[Hossō-shū]] (j)/Yugagyouha (j), [[Yogācāra]] (s), [[Mind Only]] (e) Order | ||
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[[Essentially]] a [[Theravāda]] Order originating from the [[Indian]] [[Sarvāstivāda]] Order | [[Essentially]] a [[Theravāda]] Order originating from the [[Indian]] [[Sarvāstivāda]] Order | ||
Introduced to [[Japan]] in 658. Generally regarded as a sub-school of the [[Hossō]] Order. | Introduced to [[Japan]] in 658. Generally regarded as a sub-school of the [[Hossō]] Order. | ||
| − | Primary text: the [[Abidatsuma-kusha-ron]] (j), Abhidharmakośa-Śāstra (s) by [[Vasubandhu]] | + | Primary text: the [[Abidatsuma-kusha-ron]] (j), [[Abhidharmakośa-Śāstra]] (s) by [[Vasubandhu]] |
| − | [[Kegon-shū]] (j), [[Hua-yen]] (ch), Avatạmsaka (s) Order | + | [[Kegon-shū]] (j), [[Hua-yen]] (ch), [[Avatạmsaka]] (s) Order |
Introduced to [[Japan]] by the [[Indian]] [[monk]] [[Bodhisena]] (s)(704-760) in 736 as well as by [[Shen-hsiang]] (wg) [[Shinshō]] (j) in 740 | Introduced to [[Japan]] by the [[Indian]] [[monk]] [[Bodhisena]] (s)(704-760) in 736 as well as by [[Shen-hsiang]] (wg) [[Shinshō]] (j) in 740 | ||
Founded by: [[Dushun]] (j), Dojun (ch) in ca. 600 CE | Founded by: [[Dushun]] (j), Dojun (ch) in ca. 600 CE | ||
| − | central text: [[Kegonkyō]] (j), Buddhāvatamsaka-Sūtra (s) | + | central text: [[Kegonkyō]] (j), [[Buddhāvatamsaka-Sūtra]] (s) |
Ritsu-shū(j), Vināya (s) | Ritsu-shū(j), Vināya (s) | ||
| − | Introduced to [[Japan]] by: Jiangzhen (py), [[Chien-chen]] (wg), [[Ganjin]] (j) (688-763) in 745/753 CE where it was established at Tōshōdaiji [[Temple]]. | + | Introduced to [[Japan]] by: [[Jiangzhen]] (py), [[Chien-chen]] (wg), [[Ganjin]] (j) (688-763) in 745/753 CE where it was established at Tōshōdaiji [[Temple]]. |
| − | Emphasises the [[monastic rules]] Vināya - [[Dharmagupta]] (s), Shibunritsu (j) version) | + | Emphasises the [[monastic rules]] Vināya - [[Dharmagupta]] (s), [[Shibunritsu]] (j) version) |
Founded in [[China]] by [[Tao-hsüan]] (wg), [[Daoxuan]] (py), [[Dōsen]] (j), (596-667), c. 650 CE | Founded in [[China]] by [[Tao-hsüan]] (wg), [[Daoxuan]] (py), [[Dōsen]] (j), (596-667), c. 650 CE | ||
During the {{Wiki|Meiji period}} [[Ritsu]] [[temples]] were incorporated into the [[Shingon]] Order | During the {{Wiki|Meiji period}} [[Ritsu]] [[temples]] were incorporated into the [[Shingon]] Order | ||
| − | Only Tōshōdaiji remains as a [[Ritsu]] [[temple]] | + | Only [[Tōshōdaiji]] remains as a [[Ritsu]] [[temple]] |
Late in the [[Nara period]] [[Mikkyō]] ([[Esoteric]]) [[Buddhism]] was introduced to [[Japan]] by [[Kūkai]] and [[Saichō]]. The [[Shingon]] and [[Tendai]] Orders flourished in the {{Wiki|Heian Period}}. | Late in the [[Nara period]] [[Mikkyō]] ([[Esoteric]]) [[Buddhism]] was introduced to [[Japan]] by [[Kūkai]] and [[Saichō]]. The [[Shingon]] and [[Tendai]] Orders flourished in the {{Wiki|Heian Period}}. | ||
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Founded by: [[Zhiyi]] (py), [[Chih-i]] (wg), Chigi/Chisha (j) (538-597) in [[China]], c. 550 CE | Founded by: [[Zhiyi]] (py), [[Chih-i]] (wg), Chigi/Chisha (j) (538-597) in [[China]], c. 550 CE | ||
[[Saichō]] who also brought the [[Mikkyō]] teachings to [[Japan]] integrated [[elements]] of [[Mikkyō]] [[philosophy]] into the [[Tendai]] [[Philosophy]]. | [[Saichō]] who also brought the [[Mikkyō]] teachings to [[Japan]] integrated [[elements]] of [[Mikkyō]] [[philosophy]] into the [[Tendai]] [[Philosophy]]. | ||
| − | The primary text of [[Tendai]] is the Hokkekyō (j), [[Lotus Sūtra]] (e), [[Saddharmapundarīka-Sūtra]] (s), and the [[Mahāvairocana Sūtra]] | + | The primary text of [[Tendai]] is the [[Hokkekyō]] (j), [[Lotus Sūtra]] (e), [[Saddharmapundarīka-Sūtra]] (s), and the [[Mahāvairocana Sūtra]] |
[[Shingon-shū]] | [[Shingon-shū]] | ||
Introduced to [[Japan]] by Kūkai/Kōbō [[Daishi]] (774-835) | Introduced to [[Japan]] by Kūkai/Kōbō [[Daishi]] (774-835) | ||
Origin of the [[Shingon-shū]] can be traced to three [[Indian]] [[monks]], [[Śubhakarasiṃha]] (s)/ [[Zenmui]] (j) (637-735), [[Vajrabodhi]] (s)/ [[Kongochi]] (j) (671-741), [[Amoghavajra]] (s)/ [[Fukukongo]] (j) (705-774), who established certain [[Vajrayana]] practices in [[China]]. | Origin of the [[Shingon-shū]] can be traced to three [[Indian]] [[monks]], [[Śubhakarasiṃha]] (s)/ [[Zenmui]] (j) (637-735), [[Vajrabodhi]] (s)/ [[Kongochi]] (j) (671-741), [[Amoghavajra]] (s)/ [[Fukukongo]] (j) (705-774), who established certain [[Vajrayana]] practices in [[China]]. | ||
| − | [[Kūkai]] received two [[lineages]] of [[teaching]] from [[Hui-kuo]] (wg)/ [[Keika]] (j) (746-805) - one based on the [[Dainichi-kyō]] (j)/ [[Mahāvairochana | + | [[Kūkai]] received two [[lineages]] of [[teaching]] from [[Hui-kuo]] (wg)/ [[Keika]] (j) (746-805) - one based on the [[Dainichi-kyō]] (j)/ [[Mahāvairochana Sūtra]] and another based upon the [[Kongōchō-kyō]] (j)/ [[Vajrasekhara Sūtra]] (s)/ [[Diamond Peak-Sūtra]]. |
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Founded by: [[Hui-yüan]] (ch), [[Eon]] (j) (334-416) in [[China]], c. 400 CE | Founded by: [[Hui-yüan]] (ch), [[Eon]] (j) (334-416) in [[China]], c. 400 CE | ||
[[Doctrine]]: [[Nembutsu]] ("[[prayer]] to [[Amitabha Buddha]]") | [[Doctrine]]: [[Nembutsu]] ("[[prayer]] to [[Amitabha Buddha]]") | ||
| − | Primary Text: Muryojukyo (j)/ [[Infinite Life Sutra]] (e)/ [[Sukhāvatī | + | Primary Text: [[Muryojukyo]] (j)/ [[Infinite Life Sutra]] (e)/ [[Sukhāvatī Vyūha Sūtras]], the [[Amitābha-Sūtra]] and the [[Amitāyurdhyāna-Sūtra]] |
remains the largest [[Buddhist]] [[sect]] in [[Japan]] and throughout {{Wiki|Asia}} | remains the largest [[Buddhist]] [[sect]] in [[Japan]] and throughout {{Wiki|Asia}} | ||
Website | Website | ||
| − | [[Jōdo | + | [[Jōdo Shin-shū]] (j) [[True Pure Land]] (e) Order (see) |
the most widely practiced branch of [[Buddhism in Japan]] | the most widely practiced branch of [[Buddhism in Japan]] | ||
Founded in [[Japan]] by [[Shinran]] (1173-1263) a former [[Tendai]] [[Monk]] in 1224 CE | Founded in [[Japan]] by [[Shinran]] (1173-1263) a former [[Tendai]] [[Monk]] in 1224 CE | ||
Influenced by: [[Jōdo-shū]] | Influenced by: [[Jōdo-shū]] | ||
| − | [[Doctrine]]: Shintai Zokutai, "Real [[Truth]], Common [[Truth]]" | + | [[Doctrine]]: [[Shintai Zokutai]], "Real [[Truth]], Common [[Truth]]" |
| − | Primary Text: Muryojukyo (j), [[Infinite Life Sutra]] (e) | + | Primary Text: [[Muryojukyo]] (j), [[Infinite Life Sutra]] (e) |
[[Ji-shū]] (j) [[Time]] (e) Order | [[Ji-shū]] (j) [[Time]] (e) Order | ||
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[[Doctrine]]: [[Nenbutsu]] "[[Mindfulness of the Buddha]]" | [[Doctrine]]: [[Nenbutsu]] "[[Mindfulness of the Buddha]]" | ||
| − | Yuzu Nembutsu-Shū (a [[form]] of [[Pure Land Buddhism]]) | + | [[Yuzu Nembutsu-Shū]] (a [[form]] of [[Pure Land Buddhism]]) |
Founded by: Ryo-nin (?-?), 1117 CE | Founded by: Ryo-nin (?-?), 1117 CE | ||
| − | [[Doctrine]]: Sokushitsu Ōjō | + | [[Doctrine]]: [[Sokushitsu Ōjō]] |
| − | Primary practice is the {{Wiki|recitation}} of Nembutzu | + | Primary practice is the {{Wiki|recitation}} of [[Nembutzu]] |
| − | Primary Texts: [[Kegonkyō]] (j)/ Buddhāvatamsaka-Sūtra (s) and the [[Hokekyo]] (j)/ [[Lotus Sutra]] (e) | + | Primary Texts: [[Kegonkyō]] (j)/ [[Buddhāvatamsaka-Sūtra]] (s) and the [[Hokekyo]] (j)/ [[Lotus Sutra]] (e) |
[[Zen]] Orders | [[Zen]] Orders | ||
[[Sōtō-shū]] (j) [[Caodong]] (ch) Order | [[Sōtō-shū]] (j) [[Caodong]] (ch) Order | ||
Introduced to [[Japan]] by [[Dōgen]], 1227 CE | Introduced to [[Japan]] by [[Dōgen]], 1227 CE | ||
| − | Founded by [[Caoshan]] (ch)/ [[Sosan]] (j) and [[Dongshan]] (ch)/ Tosan (j), c. 850 | + | Founded by [[Caoshan]] (ch)/ [[Sosan]] (j) and [[Dongshan]] (ch)/ [[Tosan]] (j), c. 850 |
[[Doctrine]]: [[Zazen]], especially [[Shikantaza]] practice | [[Doctrine]]: [[Zazen]], especially [[Shikantaza]] practice | ||
Website | Website | ||
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[[Japanese]] [[name]]: ??, named the mountain where the founder had lived in [[China]] | [[Japanese]] [[name]]: ??, named the mountain where the founder had lived in [[China]] | ||
Influenced by: [[Rinzai]] | Influenced by: [[Rinzai]] | ||
| − | [[Doctrine]]: Kyozen Ichi "Unity of [[Sutras]] and [[Zen]]" | + | [[Doctrine]]: [[Kyozen Ichi]] "Unity of [[Sutras]] and [[Zen]]" |
The remnants of the [[Ōbaku-shū]] have been integrated into the [[Rinzai-shū]]. | The remnants of the [[Ōbaku-shū]] have been integrated into the [[Rinzai-shū]]. | ||
Fuke-shū | Fuke-shū | ||
| − | Introducted to [[Japan]] by: | + | Introducted to [[Japan]] by: [[Shinchin Kakushin]] in 1254 CE |
| − | Founded by: [[Puhua | + | Founded by: [[Puhua Chanshi]] |
Influenced by: [[Rinzai]] | Influenced by: [[Rinzai]] | ||
Abolished in 1871 | Abolished in 1871 | ||
[[Nichiren]] Orders | [[Nichiren]] Orders | ||
| − | The [[Nichiren]] | + | The [[Nichiren Order]] traces itself to [[Nichiren's]] (1222-1282) proclamation of his teachings in CE 1253. |
| − | Primary Text: [[Lotus Sutra]] (e)/ [[Myoho | + | Primary Text: [[Lotus Sutra]] (e)/ [[Myoho Renge Kyō]] (Hokkekyō) |
The [[Nichiren]] practice centers on [[dedication]] to the [[Lotus Sutra]] and the [[mantra]] "[[Namo]] [[Myō]] [[Hō]] [[Renge]] [[Kyō]]" | The [[Nichiren]] practice centers on [[dedication]] to the [[Lotus Sutra]] and the [[mantra]] "[[Namo]] [[Myō]] [[Hō]] [[Renge]] [[Kyō]]" | ||
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[[Nichiren Shū]] regards [[Nichiren]] as a [[Bodhisattva]] Website | [[Nichiren Shū]] regards [[Nichiren]] as a [[Bodhisattva]] Website | ||
Nichiren-shōshū [[views]] [[Nichiren]] as a [[Buddha]] Website | Nichiren-shōshū [[views]] [[Nichiren]] as a [[Buddha]] Website | ||
| − | Hokkekō a [[traditional]] Lay group within the [[Nichiren Shōshū]]. | + | [[Hokkekō]] a [[traditional]] Lay group within the [[Nichiren Shōshū]]. |
[[Sōka Gakkai]] officially excummunicated from the [[Nichiren Shōshū]] in 1991 due to [[doctrinal]] differences Website | [[Sōka Gakkai]] officially excummunicated from the [[Nichiren Shōshū]] in 1991 due to [[doctrinal]] differences Website | ||
[[Reiyūkai]] | [[Reiyūkai]] | ||
Revision as of 23:39, 29 December 2014
Buddhism was slowly introduced into Japan from Korea and China over an extended period of time. The first proveable introduction of Buddhism to Japan was in the year 552 when emissaries sent from Korea by Seong of Baekje introduced eight doctrinal schools to Japan. Later after Buddhist philosophy had been well established in Japan it was largely confined to the monasteries where it was primarily a small number of scholarly philosophical "study groups" and not a popular religion.
Under the influence of Empress Suiko, Buddhism became somewhat known to the general population. Imperial envoys were sent to the Chinese Sui Dynasty in 607 to obtain copies of Buddhist Sūtras. Twenty years later there were 46 Buddhist temples which accomodated 816 Buddhist monks and 569 Buddhist nuns.
During the Heian Period, Japanese monks were sent to China to study and brought back doctrines which contributed to the Tendai and Shingon Orders.
The Kamakura Period could be characterized by the introduction of Zen as well as the Amida/Amitabha devotional Orders. During this time Chinese Masters of the various Ch'an/Zen traditions came to Japan
After the Kamakura Period new, uniquely Japanese Orders, primarily based upon the devotional Pure Land Order, came into being. These new devotional interpretations established by charismatic Japanese figures today represent the mainstream of modern Japanese Buddhism.
The Six Schools (rokushū) of the Nara Period (710-784)
Sanron-shū (j), the Three Śāstra Order
Introduced to Japan in 625 by the Korean monk Hyegwan (k), Ekwan (c), Ekan (j).
The "Three-Discourse" Order traces it's origin to the Indian Mādhyamika Order
Founded by: Kumārajīva (343-413) and Seng-chao (374-414)
Primary texts: the Mādhyamika-Kārikā and the Dvādashadvāra Śāstra by Nāgārjuna, the Śata Śāstra by Āryadeva
Jōjitsu-shū (j), Satyasiddhi (s)
Derives from the Indian Sautrantika school which does not accept the Abhidharma Pitaka.
Introduced to Japan in 625 by the Korean monk Hyegwan (k), Ekwan (c), Ekan (j), whose two disciples established the Jujitsu teachings within the Sanron tradition.
Primary text: Satyasiddhi Śāstra by Harivarman (3th cent)
Founded by: Seng-t'ao and Seng-sung (wg)
Hossō-shū (j)/Yugagyouha (j), Yogācāra (s), Mind Only (e) Order
Introduced to Japan by Dōshō (629-700) in 653/4
The Hossō Jo Yuishikiron (Mind-Only) philosophy derives from Vasubandhu's Cittamatra philosophy.
Founded in China by Hsüan-tsang (wg)/Xuanzang (py)/Genjo (j) (596-664) and K'uei-chi (632-682) in ca. 630 CE
Kusha-shū (Abhidharma)
Essentially a Theravāda Order originating from the Indian Sarvāstivāda Order
Introduced to Japan in 658. Generally regarded as a sub-school of the Hossō Order.
Primary text: the Abidatsuma-kusha-ron (j), Abhidharmakośa-Śāstra (s) by Vasubandhu
Kegon-shū (j), Hua-yen (ch), Avatạmsaka (s) Order
Introduced to Japan by the Indian monk Bodhisena (s)(704-760) in 736 as well as by Shen-hsiang (wg) Shinshō (j) in 740
Founded by: Dushun (j), Dojun (ch) in ca. 600 CE
central text: Kegonkyō (j), Buddhāvatamsaka-Sūtra (s)
Ritsu-shū(j), Vināya (s)
Introduced to Japan by: Jiangzhen (py), Chien-chen (wg), Ganjin (j) (688-763) in 745/753 CE where it was established at Tōshōdaiji Temple.
Emphasises the monastic rules Vināya - Dharmagupta (s), Shibunritsu (j) version)
Founded in China by Tao-hsüan (wg), Daoxuan (py), Dōsen (j), (596-667), c. 650 CE
During the Meiji period Ritsu temples were incorporated into the Shingon Order
Only Tōshōdaiji remains as a Ritsu temple
Late in the Nara period Mikkyō (Esoteric) Buddhism was introduced to Japan by Kūkai and Saichō. The Shingon and Tendai Orders flourished in the Heian Period.
Heian Period (794-1185)
Tendai-shū (j), T'ien-t'ai (ch) Order
Introduced to Japan by Saichō (767-822) who traveled to China in 804 to study at Mount T'ian-t'ai.
Founded by: Zhiyi (py), Chih-i (wg), Chigi/Chisha (j) (538-597) in China, c. 550 CE
Saichō who also brought the Mikkyō teachings to Japan integrated elements of Mikkyō philosophy into the Tendai Philosophy.
The primary text of Tendai is the Hokkekyō (j), Lotus Sūtra (e), Saddharmapundarīka-Sūtra (s), and the Mahāvairocana Sūtra
Shingon-shū
Introduced to Japan by Kūkai/Kōbō Daishi (774-835)
Origin of the Shingon-shū can be traced to three Indian monks, Śubhakarasiṃha (s)/ Zenmui (j) (637-735), Vajrabodhi (s)/ Kongochi (j) (671-741), Amoghavajra (s)/ Fukukongo (j) (705-774), who established certain Vajrayana practices in China.
Kūkai received two lineages of teaching from Hui-kuo (wg)/ Keika (j) (746-805) - one based on the Dainichi-kyō (j)/ Mahāvairochana Sūtra and another based upon the Kongōchō-kyō (j)/ Vajrasekhara Sūtra (s)/ Diamond Peak-Sūtra.
Kamakura (1185-1333) to Modern Period
Pure Land Orders
Jōdo-shū (j), Pure Land Order (e) see or see
Introduced to Japan by Genshin (942-1017), was later established as the Pure Land Order in 1175 by Hōnen (1133-1212).
Founded by: Hui-yüan (ch), Eon (j) (334-416) in China, c. 400 CE
Doctrine: Nembutsu ("prayer to Amitabha Buddha")
Primary Text: Muryojukyo (j)/ Infinite Life Sutra (e)/ Sukhāvatī Vyūha Sūtras, the Amitābha-Sūtra and the Amitāyurdhyāna-Sūtra
remains the largest Buddhist sect in Japan and throughout Asia
Website
Jōdo Shin-shū (j) True Pure Land (e) Order (see)
the most widely practiced branch of Buddhism in Japan
Founded in Japan by Shinran (1173-1263) a former Tendai Monk in 1224 CE
Influenced by: Jōdo-shū
Doctrine: Shintai Zokutai, "Real Truth, Common Truth"
Primary Text: Muryojukyo (j), Infinite Life Sutra (e)
Ji-shū (j) Time (e) Order
Founded in Japan by Ippen (1238-1289) in 1276
Influenced by: Jōdo-shū
Doctrine: Nenbutsu "Mindfulness of the Buddha"
Yuzu Nembutsu-Shū (a form of Pure Land Buddhism)
Founded by: Ryo-nin (?-?), 1117 CE
Doctrine: Sokushitsu Ōjō
Primary practice is the recitation of Nembutzu
Primary Texts: Kegonkyō (j)/ Buddhāvatamsaka-Sūtra (s) and the Hokekyo (j)/ Lotus Sutra (e)
Zen Orders
Sōtō-shū (j) Caodong (ch) Order
Introduced to Japan by Dōgen, 1227 CE
Founded by Caoshan (ch)/ Sosan (j) and Dongshan (ch)/ Tosan (j), c. 850
Doctrine: Zazen, especially Shikantaza practice
Website
Rinzai-shū (j), Linchi (ch) Order
Introduced to Japan by Eisai in 1191 CE
Founded by: Rinzai (j), Linji (ch), c. 850
Doctrine: Zazen, especially koan practice
Website:
Ōbaku Shū
Founded by: Ingen (??) in Japan in 1654 CE
Japanese name: ??, named the mountain where the founder had lived in China
Influenced by: Rinzai
Doctrine: Kyozen Ichi "Unity of Sutras and Zen"
The remnants of the Ōbaku-shū have been integrated into the Rinzai-shū.
Fuke-shū
Introducted to Japan by: Shinchin Kakushin in 1254 CE
Founded by: Puhua Chanshi
Influenced by: Rinzai
Abolished in 1871
Nichiren Orders
The Nichiren Order traces itself to Nichiren's (1222-1282) proclamation of his teachings in CE 1253.
Primary Text: Lotus Sutra (e)/ Myoho Renge Kyō (Hokkekyō)
The Nichiren practice centers on dedication to the Lotus Sutra and the mantra "Namo Myō Hō Renge Kyō"
Sub Orders:
Nichiren Shū regards Nichiren as a Bodhisattva Website
Nichiren-shōshū views Nichiren as a Buddha Website
Hokkekō a traditional Lay group within the Nichiren Shōshū.
Sōka Gakkai officially excummunicated from the Nichiren Shōshū in 1991 due to doctrinal differences Website
Reiyūkai
Risshō Kōsei Kai Website
