Difference between revisions of "Śikṣānanda"
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
[[Śikṣā Nanda]] ([[實叉難陀]], 652–710) means study [[Joy]]. He was from the {{Wiki|kingdom}} of [[Yutian]] ([[于闐]]), or [[wikipedia:Khotan|Khotan]], present-day [[Hetian]] ([[和田]]), in {{Wiki|Xinjiang}}, [[China]]. He was accomplished in the [[doctrines]] of [[Mahāyāna]] and [[Hīnayāna]] as well as other studies. | [[Śikṣā Nanda]] ([[實叉難陀]], 652–710) means study [[Joy]]. He was from the {{Wiki|kingdom}} of [[Yutian]] ([[于闐]]), or [[wikipedia:Khotan|Khotan]], present-day [[Hetian]] ([[和田]]), in {{Wiki|Xinjiang}}, [[China]]. He was accomplished in the [[doctrines]] of [[Mahāyāna]] and [[Hīnayāna]] as well as other studies. | ||
| − | In 695, the first year of the Zhengsheng (證聖) years of {{Wiki|Empress Wu}} (武后則天) of the [[Tang Dynasty]] (618–907), | + | In 695, the first year of the [[Zhengsheng]] ([[證聖]]) years of {{Wiki|Empress Wu}} ([[武后則天]]) of the [[Tang Dynasty]] (618–907), [[Śikṣā Nanda]] took the [[Sanskrit]] text of the [[Mahāvaipulya Sūtra of Buddha Adornment]] ([[Buddhāvataṁsaka-mahāvaipulya-Sūtra]]) to [[Luoyang]] ([[洛陽]]), [[China’s]] eastern capital. |
| − | At the command of {{Wiki|Empress Wu}}, in collaboration with [[Bodhiruci]] ([[菩提流志]], 562–727) and [[Yijing]] (義淨, 635–713), he translated the text into {{Wiki|Chinese}} at the Dabiankong [[Temple]] (大遍空寺) in [[Luoyang]]. | + | At the command of {{Wiki|Empress Wu}}, in collaboration with [[Bodhiruci]] ([[菩提流志]], 562–727) and [[Yijing]] ([[義淨]], 635–713), he translated the text into {{Wiki|Chinese}} at the [[Dabiankong]] [[Temple]] ([[大遍空寺]]) in [[Luoyang]]. |
This 80-fascicle version (T10n0279) is more comprehensive than the 60-fascicle version (T09n0278) translated by [[Buddhabhadra]] ([[佛馱跋陀羅]], 359–429) in the Eastern [[wikipedia:Jin Dynasty (265-420)|Jin Dynasty]] (316–420). | This 80-fascicle version (T10n0279) is more comprehensive than the 60-fascicle version (T09n0278) translated by [[Buddhabhadra]] ([[佛馱跋陀羅]], 359–429) in the Eastern [[wikipedia:Jin Dynasty (265-420)|Jin Dynasty]] (316–420). | ||
| − | Altogether, | + | Altogether, [[Śikṣānanda]] translated, from [[Sanskrit]] into {{Wiki|Chinese}}, nineteen [[sūtras]] in 107 fascicles, including the [[Mahāvaipulya Sūtra of the Inconceivable State of Tathāgatas]] (T10n0301), the 7-fascicle version of the [[Laṅkāvatāra]] [[Sūtra]] (T16n0672), and the [[Sūtra]] of the {{Wiki|Prophecy}} Bestowed on [[Mañjuśrī]], which is included in the Great [[Treasure]] Pile [[Sūtra]] (T11n0310) as its 15th [[Sūtra]], in fascicles 58–60. |
| − | In 705, | + | In 705, [[ŚikṣāNanda]] returned to his homeland. However, upon repeated invitations, in 708, the second year of the [[Jinglong]] ([[景龍]]) years, once again he went to [[China]]. [[Wikipedia:Emperor Zhongzong of Tang |Emperor Zhongzong]] ([[唐中宗]]) went outside the {{Wiki|capital city}} to welcome him respectfully. |
| − | + | [[Śikṣānanda]] fell ill and [[died]] in the tenth month of 710, the first year of the [[Jingyun]] ([[景雲]]) years, at the age of fifty-nine. After [[Cremation]] of his [[Body]], his {{Wiki|tongue}} remained intact. | |
His [[disciples]] returned his [[relics]] and {{Wiki|tongue}} to [[Yutian]] and had a memorial [[Pagoda]] built for enshrining them. Later on, a seven-story memorial [[Pagoda]] was erected at the place where he had been [[Wikipedia:cremation|cremated]]. | His [[disciples]] returned his [[relics]] and {{Wiki|tongue}} to [[Yutian]] and had a memorial [[Pagoda]] built for enshrining them. Later on, a seven-story memorial [[Pagoda]] was erected at the place where he had been [[Wikipedia:cremation|cremated]]. | ||
| − | It is called the [[Huayan | + | It is called the [[Huayan Sanzang Pagoda]], which means [[Flower Adornment Tripiṭaka Pagoda]], because [[ŚikṣāNanda]] was the [[Tripiṭaka]] [[master]] who had translated this [[Sūtra]], the [[name]] of which in {{Wiki|Chinese}} is [[Flower Adornment]]. |
</poem> | </poem> | ||
{{R}} | {{R}} | ||
Revision as of 12:27, 7 January 2016
Śikṣā Nanda (實叉難陀, 652–710) means study Joy. He was from the kingdom of Yutian (于闐), or Khotan, present-day Hetian (和田), in Xinjiang, China. He was accomplished in the doctrines of Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna as well as other studies.
In 695, the first year of the Zhengsheng (證聖) years of Empress Wu (武后則天) of the Tang Dynasty (618–907), Śikṣā Nanda took the Sanskrit text of the Mahāvaipulya Sūtra of Buddha Adornment (Buddhāvataṁsaka-mahāvaipulya-Sūtra) to Luoyang (洛陽), China’s eastern capital.
At the command of Empress Wu, in collaboration with Bodhiruci (菩提流志, 562–727) and Yijing (義淨, 635–713), he translated the text into Chinese at the Dabiankong Temple (大遍空寺) in Luoyang.
This 80-fascicle version (T10n0279) is more comprehensive than the 60-fascicle version (T09n0278) translated by Buddhabhadra (佛馱跋陀羅, 359–429) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (316–420).
Altogether, Śikṣānanda translated, from Sanskrit into Chinese, nineteen sūtras in 107 fascicles, including the Mahāvaipulya Sūtra of the Inconceivable State of Tathāgatas (T10n0301), the 7-fascicle version of the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra (T16n0672), and the Sūtra of the Prophecy Bestowed on Mañjuśrī, which is included in the Great Treasure Pile Sūtra (T11n0310) as its 15th Sūtra, in fascicles 58–60.
In 705, ŚikṣāNanda returned to his homeland. However, upon repeated invitations, in 708, the second year of the Jinglong (景龍) years, once again he went to China. Emperor Zhongzong (唐中宗) went outside the capital city to welcome him respectfully.
Śikṣānanda fell ill and died in the tenth month of 710, the first year of the Jingyun (景雲) years, at the age of fifty-nine. After Cremation of his Body, his tongue remained intact.
His disciples returned his relics and tongue to Yutian and had a memorial Pagoda built for enshrining them. Later on, a seven-story memorial Pagoda was erected at the place where he had been cremated.
It is called the Huayan Sanzang Pagoda, which means Flower Adornment Tripiṭaka Pagoda, because ŚikṣāNanda was the Tripiṭaka master who had translated this Sūtra, the name of which in Chinese is Flower Adornment.
