Difference between revisions of "Five faults"
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# '''[[Dullness]] and [[Agitation]]''' (Tib. {{BigTibetan|[[བྱིང་རྒོད་]]}}, [[Wyl.]] ''[[bying rgod]]'') – there are {{Wiki|subtle}} and gross [[forms]] to both [[dullness]] (Tib. {{BigTibetan|[[བྱིང་པ་]]}}, [[Wyl.]] ''[[bying pa]]'') and [[agitation]] (Tib. {{BigTibetan|[[རྒོད་པ་]]}}, [[Wyl.]] ''[[rgod pa]]''). | # '''[[Dullness]] and [[Agitation]]''' (Tib. {{BigTibetan|[[བྱིང་རྒོད་]]}}, [[Wyl.]] ''[[bying rgod]]'') – there are {{Wiki|subtle}} and gross [[forms]] to both [[dullness]] (Tib. {{BigTibetan|[[བྱིང་པ་]]}}, [[Wyl.]] ''[[bying pa]]'') and [[agitation]] (Tib. {{BigTibetan|[[རྒོད་པ་]]}}, [[Wyl.]] ''[[rgod pa]]''). | ||
| − | These are {{Wiki|obstacles}} during the | + | These are {{Wiki|obstacles}} during the actual practice of [[meditation]].<ref>[[Kamalashila]] in his ''[[Stages of Meditation]]'' (and [[Vimalamitra]] in his text of the same [[name]]) list [[dullness]] and [[agitation]] separately, making a total of '''[[six faults]]'''.</ref> |
#'''Under-application''' (Skt. ''[[anābhisaṃskārapratipakṣa]]''; Tib. {{BigTibetan|[[འདུ་མི་བྱེད་པ་]]}}, [[Wyl.]] ''[[‘du mi byed pa]]'') – this occurs when one [[recognizes]] the presence of [[dullness]] or [[agitation]] but fails to apply the antidote<br> | #'''Under-application''' (Skt. ''[[anābhisaṃskārapratipakṣa]]''; Tib. {{BigTibetan|[[འདུ་མི་བྱེད་པ་]]}}, [[Wyl.]] ''[[‘du mi byed pa]]'') – this occurs when one [[recognizes]] the presence of [[dullness]] or [[agitation]] but fails to apply the antidote<br> | ||
Revision as of 07:59, 9 February 2016
The ]]five faults\\ (Tib. ཉེས་པ་ལྔ་, nyepa nga; Wyl. nyes pa lnga) are defects to be overcome by means of the eight antidotes when practising shamatha meditation.
They are mentioned in Maitreya’s Distinguishing the Middle from Extremes (Skt. Madhyantavibhanga).
- Laziness (Tib. ལེ་ལོ་, Wyl. le lo) – there are three kinds: (i) lethargy, (ii) attachment to negative behaviour, and (iii) despondency
- Forgetting the instructions (Skt. upadeśa saṃpramoṣa; Tib. བརྗེད་པ་, Wyl. brjed pa). These first two faults are obstacles in the beginning.
- Dullness and Agitation (Tib. བྱིང་རྒོད་, Wyl. bying rgod) – there are subtle and gross forms to both dullness (Tib. བྱིང་པ་, Wyl. bying pa) and agitation (Tib. རྒོད་པ་, Wyl. rgod pa).
These are obstacles during the actual practice of meditation.[1]
- Under-application (Skt. anābhisaṃskārapratipakṣa; Tib. འདུ་མི་བྱེད་པ་, Wyl. ‘du mi byed pa) – this occurs when one recognizes the presence of dullness or agitation but fails to apply the antidote
- Over-application (Skt. abhisaṃskārapratipakṣa; Tib. ཧ་ཅང་འདུ་བྱེད་པ་, Wyl. ha cang ‘du byed pa) – this occurs when one recognizes the presence of dullness or agitation, applies the antidote, and then continues to apply it even when dullness or agitation are no longer present. These last two faults are obstacles to the further development of one’s meditation.
Footnotes
- ↑ Kamalashila in his Stages of Meditation (and Vimalamitra in his text of the same name) list dullness and agitation separately, making a total of six faults.
