Difference between revisions of "Gampopa"
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{{Seealso|Gampopa (1079-1153) Lifestory|Gampopa Sönam Rinchen}} | {{Seealso|Gampopa (1079-1153) Lifestory|Gampopa Sönam Rinchen}} | ||
| − | [[Gampopa Sonam Rinchen]] ([[Tibetan]]: {{BigTibetan|[[སྒམ་པོ་པ་བསོད་ནམས་རིན་ཆེན]]}}, [[Wylie]]: [[sgam po pa bsod nams rin chen]]) (1079–1153) "[[Sonam Rinchen]] from [[Gampo]]" — who was equally well known in [[Tibet]] as [[Dagpo Lhaje]] ([[Tibetan]]: {{BigTibetan|[[དྭགས་པོ་ལྷ་རྗེ]]}}, [[Wylie]]: [[dwags po lha rje]]) ("the [[Physician from Dagpo]]"), [[Nyamed Dakpo Rinpoche]] ("[[Incomparible Precious One from Dagpo]]"), and [[Da'od Zhonnu]] ([[Tibetan]]: {{BigTibetan|[[ཟླ་འོད་ཞུན་ནུ]]}}, [[Wylie]]: [[zla 'od gzhon nu]]), (the [[Tibetan]] for [[Candraprabhakumara]]) — established the [[Kagyu]] school, one of the four major schools of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] today, as an institution. | + | [[Gampopa Sonam Rinchen]] ([[Tibetan]]: {{BigTibetan|[[སྒམ་པོ་པ་བསོད་ནམས་རིན་ཆེན]]}}, [[Wylie]]: [[sgam po pa bsod nams rin chen]]) (1079–1153) "[[Sonam Rinchen]] from [[Gampo]]" — who was equally well known in [[Tibet]] as [[Dagpo Lhaje]] ([[Tibetan]]: {{BigTibetan|[[དྭགས་པོ་ལྷ་རྗེ]]}}, [[Wylie]]: [[dwags po lha rje]]) ("the [[Physician from Dagpo]]"), [[Nyamed Dakpo Rinpoche]] ("[[Incomparible Precious One from Dagpo]]"), and [[Da'od Zhonnu]] ([[Tibetan]]: {{BigTibetan|[[ཟླ་འོད་ཞུན་ནུ]]}}, [[Wylie]]: [[zla 'od gzhon nu]]), (the [[Tibetan]] for [[Candraprabhakumara]]) — established the [[Kagyu]] [[school]], one of the four major schools of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] today, as an institution. |
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| + | [[Gampopa]] (1079 - 1153) was the main [[disciple]] of the [[Tibetan]] [[yogi]] [[Milarepa]]. In his [[Jewel Ornament of Liberation]], [[Gampopa]] combined the [[mind training]] [[methods]] of the [[Kadampa tradition]] with [[mahamudra]] teachings on the [[nature of the mind]]. The 12 [[Dagpo Kagyu]] schools trace from him and his [[disciple]] [[Pagmodrupa]]. | ||
Another [[name]] for [[Gampopa]] was [[Ü-pa Tönpa]]. "[[Ü]]" is [[central Tibe]]t, and "[[pa]]" means "[[person]]," so "[[Ü-pa]]" means a [[person who comes from central Tibet]], and "[[Tönpa]]" means "[[teacher]].". | Another [[name]] for [[Gampopa]] was [[Ü-pa Tönpa]]. "[[Ü]]" is [[central Tibe]]t, and "[[pa]]" means "[[person]]," so "[[Ü-pa]]" means a [[person who comes from central Tibet]], and "[[Tönpa]]" means "[[teacher]].". | ||
==Short {{Wiki|Biography}}== | ==Short {{Wiki|Biography}}== | ||
| − | [[Gampopa]], a {{Wiki|physician}} from [[Dagpo]] region in S. [[Tibet]], was the foremost [[student]] of the [[Tibetan Buddhist]] [[teacher]] [[Milarepa]]. [[Gampopa]] was renowned for the clarity of his [[perception]] and his [[knowledge]] of both [[Kadampa]] and, later, [[Mahamudra]] methods. | + | [[Gampopa]], a {{Wiki|physician}} from [[Dagpo]] region in S. [[Tibet]], was the foremost [[student]] of the [[Tibetan Buddhist]] [[teacher]] [[Milarepa]]. [[Gampopa]] was renowned for the clarity of his [[perception]] and his [[knowledge]] of both [[Kadampa]] and, later, [[Mahamudra]] [[methods]]. |
[[Gampopa's]] position in the [[transmission]] [[lineage]] of the [[esoteric]] [[Mahamudra]] [[teaching]] is as follows: | [[Gampopa's]] position in the [[transmission]] [[lineage]] of the [[esoteric]] [[Mahamudra]] [[teaching]] is as follows: | ||
* [[Tilopa]] (988-1069), the [[Indian]] [[yogi]] who [[experienced]] the original [[transmission]] of the [[Mahamudra]] | * [[Tilopa]] (988-1069), the [[Indian]] [[yogi]] who [[experienced]] the original [[transmission]] of the [[Mahamudra]] | ||
| − | * [[Naropa]] (1016–1100), who perfected the methods of accelerated [[Enlightenment]], described in his [[Six Yogas of Naropa]]. | + | * [[Naropa]] (1016–1100), who perfected the [[methods]] of accelerated [[Enlightenment]], described in his [[Six Yogas of Naropa]]. |
* [[Marpa]] (1012–1097), the first [[Tibetan]] in the [[lineage]], who translated the [[Vajrayana]] and [[Mahamudra]] texts into Old [[Tibetan]] | * [[Marpa]] (1012–1097), the first [[Tibetan]] in the [[lineage]], who translated the [[Vajrayana]] and [[Mahamudra]] texts into Old [[Tibetan]] | ||
* [[Milarepa]] (1052–1135), poet and [[master]] who overcame [[Marpa Lotsawa|Marpa]]'s reluctance to teach but nonetheless [[attained]] [[Enlightenment]] in a single [[lifetime]] | * [[Milarepa]] (1052–1135), poet and [[master]] who overcame [[Marpa Lotsawa|Marpa]]'s reluctance to teach but nonetheless [[attained]] [[Enlightenment]] in a single [[lifetime]] | ||
| − | * [[Gampopa]], [[Milarepa]]'s most important [[student]], who integrated [[Atisha]]'s [[Kadampa]] [[teaching]] and [[Tilopa]]'s [[Mahamudra]] [[teaching]] to establish the [[Kagyu]] school | + | * [[Gampopa]], [[Milarepa]]'s most important [[student]], who integrated [[Atisha]]'s [[Kadampa]] [[teaching]] and [[Tilopa]]'s [[Mahamudra]] [[teaching]] to establish the [[Kagyu]] [[school]] |
This [[lineage]] sequence, taken together, is called the "[[Five Founding Masters]]" by the [[Kagyu]] followers. | This [[lineage]] sequence, taken together, is called the "[[Five Founding Masters]]" by the [[Kagyu]] followers. | ||
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Prior to studying under [[Milarepa]], [[Gampopa]] had studied the [[Kadampa]] [[traditions]], which is a [[gradual]] [[path]] based on the [[Lamrim]] teachings. He searched for, and eventually met [[Milarepa]], and [[attained]] [[realization]] of [[ultimate reality]] under his guidance. | Prior to studying under [[Milarepa]], [[Gampopa]] had studied the [[Kadampa]] [[traditions]], which is a [[gradual]] [[path]] based on the [[Lamrim]] teachings. He searched for, and eventually met [[Milarepa]], and [[attained]] [[realization]] of [[ultimate reality]] under his guidance. | ||
| − | [[Gampopa]] wrote [[The Jewel Ornament of Liberation]] and founded the [[Dagpo Kagyud]] school in 1125. It was the integrative [[teaching]] of [[Gampopa]] which unified [[Kadampa]] and [[Mahamudra]] teachings into the {{Wiki|distinctive}} [[Kagyu]] approach. | + | [[Gampopa]] wrote [[The Jewel Ornament of Liberation]] and founded the [[Dagpo Kagyud]] [[school]] in 1125. It was the integrative [[teaching]] of [[Gampopa]] which unified [[Kadampa]] and [[Mahamudra]] teachings into the {{Wiki|distinctive}} [[Kagyu]] approach. |
[[Gampopa]] also established various [[Buddhist monasticism|monastic institutions]], [[taught]] extensively, and attracted many students. Four of his [[disciples]] founded the four "major" [[Kagyu]] schools: | [[Gampopa]] also established various [[Buddhist monasticism|monastic institutions]], [[taught]] extensively, and attracted many students. Four of his [[disciples]] founded the four "major" [[Kagyu]] schools: | ||
Revision as of 05:28, 18 February 2017
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Gampopa Sonam Rinchen (Tibetan: སྒམ་པོ་པ་བསོད་ནམས་རིན་ཆེན, Wylie: sgam po pa bsod nams rin chen) (1079–1153) "Sonam Rinchen from Gampo" — who was equally well known in Tibet as Dagpo Lhaje (Tibetan: དྭགས་པོ་ལྷ་རྗེ, Wylie: dwags po lha rje) ("the Physician from Dagpo"), Nyamed Dakpo Rinpoche ("Incomparible Precious One from Dagpo"), and Da'od Zhonnu (Tibetan: ཟླ་འོད་ཞུན་ནུ, Wylie: zla 'od gzhon nu), (the Tibetan for Candraprabhakumara) — established the Kagyu school, one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism today, as an institution.
Gampopa (1079 - 1153) was the main disciple of the Tibetan yogi Milarepa. In his Jewel Ornament of Liberation, Gampopa combined the mind training methods of the Kadampa tradition with mahamudra teachings on the nature of the mind. The 12 Dagpo Kagyu schools trace from him and his disciple Pagmodrupa.
Another name for Gampopa was Ü-pa Tönpa. "Ü" is central Tibet, and "pa" means "person," so "Ü-pa" means a person who comes from central Tibet, and "Tönpa" means "teacher.".
Short Biography
Gampopa, a physician from Dagpo region in S. Tibet, was the foremost student of the Tibetan Buddhist teacher Milarepa. Gampopa was renowned for the clarity of his perception and his knowledge of both Kadampa and, later, Mahamudra methods.
Gampopa's position in the transmission lineage of the esoteric Mahamudra teaching is as follows:
- Tilopa (988-1069), the Indian yogi who experienced the original transmission of the Mahamudra
- Naropa (1016–1100), who perfected the methods of accelerated Enlightenment, described in his Six Yogas of Naropa.
- Marpa (1012–1097), the first Tibetan in the lineage, who translated the Vajrayana and Mahamudra texts into Old Tibetan
- Milarepa (1052–1135), poet and master who overcame Marpa's reluctance to teach but nonetheless attained Enlightenment in a single lifetime
- Gampopa, Milarepa's most important student, who integrated Atisha's Kadampa teaching and Tilopa's Mahamudra teaching to establish the Kagyu school
This lineage sequence, taken together, is called the "Five Founding Masters" by the Kagyu followers.
Prior to studying under Milarepa, Gampopa had studied the Kadampa traditions, which is a gradual path based on the Lamrim teachings. He searched for, and eventually met Milarepa, and attained realization of ultimate reality under his guidance.
Gampopa wrote The Jewel Ornament of Liberation and founded the Dagpo Kagyud school in 1125. It was the integrative teaching of Gampopa which unified Kadampa and Mahamudra teachings into the distinctive Kagyu approach.
Gampopa also established various monastic institutions, taught extensively, and attracted many students. Four of his disciples founded the four "major" Kagyu schools:
- Barom Kagyu founded by Barompa Darma Wangchug
- Phagdru Kagyu founded by Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo
- Karma Kagyu, also known as the Kamtsang Kagyu School, founded by Düsum Khyenpa the 1st Karmapa
- Tsalpa Kagyu founded by Zhang Yudragpa Tsondru Drag
The succession of Gampopa's own monastery passed to his nephew Dagpo Gomtsul Tsultim Nyingpo (dwags sgom tshul khrims snying po)
