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Difference between revisions of "The Demon Crowned with a Raven Head: Rāhula's Archaic Form "Ki kang" and his Chinese Origins"

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BAILEY•
 +
Te {{Wiki|Demon}} Crowned with a [[Raven]] Head
 +
: [[Rāhula’s]] {{Wiki|Archaic}} [[Form]] “Ki [[kang]]” and his {{Wiki|Chinese}} Origins
 +
141
 +
[[king]] [[kang]] gi sgras bskul te yid [[kyis]] [[bshos]] pa las
 +
 +
/ bu [[ming]] sring lnga mtshe mar skyes so
 +
 +
/ bu mospun bzhi [[ming]] po dang lnga’o
 +
 +
/ [[ming]] po ki [[kang]] phung [[byed]] [[chen po]] dang
 +
 +
/ sring mo ki kangmgo brnyen ma bzhir gyur nas
 +
 +
/ [[srid pa]] [[gsum]] gyi [[sems can]] thams cad za [[zhing]] ’cha’ [[ste]]
 +
 +
/ ’jigrtenphung pa la thug par gyur pa las
 +
 +
/ bcom ldan [[’das]] ’jigs [[byed]] gshin rje’i [[gshed]] pos [[’khor]] lo gcigming po la brgyab pas lus dum bu brgyad du gtubs te
 +
 +
/ bcom ldan [[’das]] kyi sku dpag pa las [[’das]] pa’i [[khong]] stong du [[snang srid]] bcug nas thugs rin po che’i [[khong]] seng
 +
 +
/ [[kun rig]] gi ga’u nas [[rin po che]] [[gser]] gyi [[’khor]] lo rtsibs bzhi pa gcig bton pa’i mtha’ [[rgya mtsho chen po bzhi]] dang
 +
 +
/ rolmtsho [[bdun]] gyis ni
 +
[311]
 +
[[bskor]]
 +
 +
/ [[gser gyi ri bdun]] gyis [[’khor]] bar bcad
 +
 +
/ de ltar byas pa’i phyogsbzhi mtshams brgyad du
 +
 +
/ ki [[kang]] [[chen po]] gzir te
 +
 +
/ [[mgo]] [[lho]] nub byung [[ste]] dgod
 +
 +
/ [[shar]] [[lho]] (lhor)lag pa g.yas pa dgod
 +
 +
/ [[byang]] nub tu [[lag pa]] g.yon pa dgod
 +
 +
/ [[byang]] [[shar]] du [[rkang pa]] [[gnyis]] dgod
 +
 +
/[[shar]] du mjug ma dgod
 +
 +
/ [[lho]] ru [[dpung ba]] g.yas dgod
 +
 +
/ nub tu [[dpung ba]] g.yon dgod
 +
 +
/ [[byang]] duchu so dgod
 +
 +
/ [[rkang pa]] [[gnyis]] kyi bar du mig dang mche ba snying [[gsum]] dgod
 +
 +
/ [[ri rab]] kyi grwamtshams su sring mo bzhi dgod do
 +
 +
/ de ltar bkram [[zhing]] sbas pa las sba ru ma btub [[ste]]
 +
 +
/ lus dedum bu [[re re]] las
 +
 +
/ ki [[kang]] [[re re]] byung [[ste]]
 +
 +
/ [[shin]] tu [[yang]] ’[[jig rten]] g.yos so
 +
 +
/ sring mo [[yang]] sba ruma btub [[ste]]
 +
 +
/ [[grwa]] bzhi nas langs nas
 +
 +
/ [[srid pa]] [[gsum]] gyi [[sems can]] la [[shin]] tu [[yang]] dus dangrnam pa med par za [[zhing]] ’cha’ ba dang
 +
 +
/ [[sbyor ba]] [[ngan]] pa [[gtong ba]] las
 +
 +
/ [[yang]] bcom ldan [[’das]] gshin rje’i [[gshed]] pos [[khams gsum]] [[dbang]] du bsdus
 +
 +
/ srid [[gsum]] zil gyis mnan
 +
 +
/ [[stong gsum]] gyistong [[chen]] po’i ’[[jig rten]] gyi [[khams]] thams cad mun nag bzhin du gtibs te
 +
 +
/ thugs [[ye shes]] kyi nyizer gyi rtse la
 +
 +
/ [[lcags]] kyu’i [[tshogs]] dang
 +
 +
/ zhags pa’i [[tshogs]] dang
 +
 +
/ [[lcags sgrog]] gi [[tshogs]] dang
 +
 +
/ srilbu’i [[tshogs]] [[bsam]] gyis mi khyab par [[spros]] te
 +
 +
/ [[hum]] [[hum]] pha
 +
 +
/ ha la ha la dzah [[hum]] bam hoh ea ralli [[hring]] dza dza
 +
 +
/ zhes ’brug stong dus gcig ldir ba tsam gyi [[sgra]] bsgrags nas [[dbang]] dubsdus pas
 +
 +
/ ki [[kang]] [[ming]] po dang
 +
 +
/ sring mo bcas pa
 +
 +
/ bred
 +
 +
/ rab tu bred
 +
 +
/ kun tu rab tu bred
 +
 +
/’dar
 +
 +
/ rab tu ’dar
 +
 +
/ kun tu rab tu ’dar
 +
 +
/ sngangs
 +
 +
/ rab tu sngangs
 +
 +
/ kun tu rab tu sngangs nas
 +
 +
/bcom ldan [[’das]] la mgrin
 +
[312]
 +
[[gcig tu]] [[thal]] mo sbyar te ’di skad ces gsol to
 +
 +
/ e m ho ’jigs [[byed]] [[chen po]] lags
 +
 +
// [[bdag]] cag ki [[kang]] [[ming]] sring [[rnams]]
 +
 +
/ / [[pha la]] gdug pa’i bu lags pas
 +
 +
/ /[[snang srid]] srogchags ma lus kun
 +
 +
/ /su phrad khyur mid ’cha’ ba dang
 +
 +
/ /[[sbyor ba]] [[ngan]] pa [[gtong ba]] dang
 +
 +
/ /lotog ’[[joms]] pa’i las ’di dag
 +
 +
/ /[[bdag]] cag [[rnams]] kyi rang las na
 +
 +
/ /[[dpa’ bo]] [[chen po]] ci la bkyon
 +
 +
/ /[[sngar]] [[yang]] [[dpa’ bo]] [[chen po]] yis
 +
 +
/ /[[bdag]] gi lus gtubs [[phyogs]] bcur sbas
 +
 +
/ /’di [[yang]] [[shin]] tu ma {{Wiki|legs}} so
 +
 +
/ / [[thugs rje]] ’breng [[yang]] mi mnga’ ’am
 +
 +
/ /[[gtso bo]] [[chen po]] khyod [[nyid]] ni
 +
 +
/ /[[thugs rje]] byams pa’imnga’ [[bdag]] na
 +
 +
/ /’di lta’i [[cho ’phrul]] ci la ston
 +
 +
/ /gtug pa’i [[gsung]] [[sgra]] ci la sgrogs
 +
 +
/ /thugs kyisprul pa ci la [[’gyed]]
 +
 +
/ /[[dpa’ bo]] [[chen po]] [[bdag]] cag la
 +
 +
//bka’ bab mi ’tshal ’bangs su mchi
 +
 +
/ /’bangs lanan tan ma [[chung]] [[zhig]]
 +
 +
/ ces gsol to
 +
 +
/ /[[spyi]] [[sdom]] [[srog]] snying ’di mdongs gsol du phul lo
 +
 +
/ / / [[mi g.yo]] [[zhing]] mi ’khu bar byas te
 +
 +
/ [[dam]] bstsal [[zhing]] [[dbang bskur]] nas
 +
 +
/ ’[[jig rten]] [[bde ba]] la bkod de
 +
 +
/zas su ni [[sangs rgyas kyi bstan pa]] ’[[jig pa]] dang
 +
 +
/ dmyal ba’i [[grong]] rten [[byed pa]] dang
 +
 +
/ [[dam]] laszlog pa’i [[srog]] dang dbugs la [[dbang bskur]] te
 +
 +
/ [[dbang]] [[lha]] ma [[srin]] sde brgyad [[dam]] la btags nasdbang bskur ro
 +
 +
/ /rog ti [[nag po]] de [[yang]] lus [[srin po]] la
 +
 +
/ [[mgo]] bya rog gis brtsegs pa de
 +
 +
/ [[lha]] masrin sde brgyad du gyur nas dus tshod dang tshed [[grangs]] la ’jug [[cing]] rgyu ba dang
 +
 +
/ ki kangdang [[gshed]] bzhis bskyod ’gul gyis
 +
 +
/ [[srog]] dang dbugs la [[dbang]] [[byed]] par gyur pas
 +
 +
/ ki [[kang]] mingsring [[rnams]] rjes su yi rangs te
 +
 +
/ ’jigs [[byed]] [[chen po]] la g.yas [[phyogs]] nas
 +
[313]
 +
lan [[gsum]] [[bskor]] babyas nas
 +
 +
/ pus btsugs [[thal]] mo spyar nas ’di skad ces gsol to
 +
 +
/ /a la la ho
 +
 +
/ ’jigs [[byed]] [[chen]] pos [[bdag]]
 +
저널본문-2019-1호-최근.indd 1412019. 6. 23. 오전 10:41
 +
 
 +
 +
142
 +
International Journal of [[Buddhist]] Tought & {{Wiki|Culture}} 29(1)
 +
·
 +
 +
2019
 +
cag [[rnams]] la thugs [[brtse]] bar [[dgongs]] nas
 +
 +
/ [[bdag]] cag rang rang gi [[spyod pa]] las dang mthun parbka’ stsal pa ngo mtshar che’o
 +
 +
/ [[bdag]] cag [[ming]] sring ji ltar bka’ stsal pa las mi ’da’ [[zhing]]
 +
 +
/ gnyerdu [[gtad]] pa’i las [[rnams]] gdon mi za bar bgyid do zhes gsol [[zhing]] [[dam]] bcas nas
 +
 +
/ rang rang gi [[gnas]] ga la ba der dong ngo
 +
 +
/ /zhes gsungs so
 +
 +
//
 +
Bstan ’[[dzin]] Rgya tsho (2005, 307–313). Tiscorresponds to the first [[chapter]] of
 +
he Black Nail antra
 +
NGB (M) 931: mi, 276.3–361.2
 +
 +
(vol. 46), 276–289.
 +
12
 +
Tere are a number of iconographic variants of the “[[Rāhula]]” type, however, some withlegs instead of a snake’s [[body]]. For instance, “[[Heruka]] {{Wiki|Blood}} [[Eye]]” (ib. [[Khrag]] mig), alsoknown as the Supreme Gza’ in a
 +
[[sādhana]]
 +
collection by [[Chos kyi grags pa]] (1595–1659),has a [[consort]] who sits in his lap and rides on a [[serpent]], indicating he has [[human]] {{Wiki|legs}}. SeeBailey (2015, 51) and also “[[Khrag]] mig ma” in [[Chandra]] (1999–2005, 6:1677).
 +
13
 +
Te four {{Wiki|blood}} clots may be a reference to, or connected with, Ki [[kang]]
 +
 +
/[[Rāhula’s]] foursisters.
 +
14
 +
Chronomancy here meaning [[techniques]] for determining the auspiciousness orinauspiciousness of hours, days, months, and years, in this context based specifically onthe [[knowledge]] of the purported locations and motions of certain [[deities]].
 +
15
 +
On the function, history, and the full significance of the
 +
[[sa bdag]],
 +
specifically in the contextof [[Sangs rgyas]] [[rgya]] tsho’s text, see Schuh (2011). See also [[Dorje]] (2001).
 +
16
 +
Adding to the [[confusion]], however, I have found a reference to a Da hu ra [[nag po]], alsonoted to be a {{Wiki|Chinese}} [[treasure revealer]] with an important text with
 +
Clarifying [[Lamp]]
 +
in the title (
 +
Sku rgyud [[snang]] [[gsal]] [[sgron me]]
 +
), who is dated as late as the twelfth century.See [[Jamgön Kongtrul]] (2012, 900). However, given the different spelling of his name,the different text title, and the much later date, despite the striking similarities Iam inclined to believe this was a different [[person]]. I am not {{Wiki|aware}} of any Chinesesource that mentions Du har [[nag po]], though finding one should be a focus of furtherresearch.
 +
17
 +
What is particularly [[interesting]] about this Sino-ibetan [[cosmic turtle]] [[myth]] and itsapparent intersection with the Ki [[kang]]
 +
 +
/[[Rāhula]] origin story is that it seems to takeinspiration from the [[Hindu]] [[myth]] in which the [[universe]] is created by the
 +
[[devas]]
 +
and
 +
[[asuras]]
 +
working together to churn the milky [[cosmic]] ocean with [[Mount Meru]] restingon the back of a giant [[turtle]], who is an [[emanation]] of Vi
 +
ṣṇ
 +
u. his also happens to bethe same [[myth]] in which Rāhu’s theft of the elixir of [[immortality]] features prominently. Te common ibetan [[name]] for Rāhu(la) is Khyab ’jug, which is also the ibetan namefor Vi
 +
ṣṇ
 +
u. Ki [[kang]] [[essentially]] [[standing]] in for the [[cosmic turtle]] in the
 +
Black Nail
 +
mythappears to be further [[Buddhist]] appropriation and [[adaptation]] of Vi
 +
ṣṇ
 +
u’s [[mythology]]. Formore [[discussion]] on this appropriation, see Bailey (2015, 59–63). On the [[transmission]] ofthe {{Wiki|Chinese}} iconographic figure of the {{Wiki|divination}} [[turtle]] to ibet, see Poupard (2018). Itshould also be noted that the eight-fold dismemberment of Ki [[kang]] is distinctly differentfrom the typical [[Indian]] [[myth]] of Rāhu’s beheading, where he is cut into only two pieces– head and tail (Bailey 2012, 18).
 +
저널본문-2019-1호-최근.indd 1422019. 6. 23. 오전 10:41
 +
 
 +
 +
BAILEY•
 +
Te {{Wiki|Demon}} Crowned with a [[Raven]] Head
 +
: [[Rāhula’s]] {{Wiki|Archaic}} [[Form]] “Ki [[kang]]” and his {{Wiki|Chinese}} Origins
 +
143
 +
18
 +
Tis [[deity]] was, for instance, invoked in the [[wrathful]] [[magic]] practices of the (in)famousMongol-repelling sorcerer, [[Sog bzlog pa Blo gros rgyal mtshan]] (1552–1624) (Gentry2017, 350).
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 
{{R}}
 
{{R}}
 
[[Category:Buddhist Terms]]
 
[[Category:Buddhist Terms]]

Revision as of 09:37, 10 December 2021




BAILEY• Te Demon Crowned with a Raven Head

Rāhula’s Archaic Form “Ki kang” and his Chinese Origins

141 king kang gi sgras bskul te yid kyis bshos pa las 

/ bu ming sring lnga mtshe mar skyes so

/ bu mospun bzhi ming po dang lnga’o

/ ming po ki kang phung byed chen po dang 

/ sring mo ki kangmgo brnyen ma bzhir gyur nas 

/ srid pa gsum gyi sems can thams cad za zhing ’cha’ ste 

/ ’jigrtenphung pa la thug par gyur pa las 

/ bcom ldan ’das ’jigs byed gshin rje’i gshed pos ’khor lo gcigming po la brgyab pas lus dum bu brgyad du gtubs te 

/ bcom ldan ’das kyi sku dpag pa las ’das pa’i khong stong du snang srid bcug nas thugs rin po che’i khong seng 

/ kun rig gi ga’u nas rin po che gser gyi ’khor lo rtsibs bzhi pa gcig bton pa’i mtha’ rgya mtsho chen po bzhi dang 

/ rolmtsho bdun gyis ni

[311] bskor 

/ gser gyi ri bdun gyis ’khor bar bcad 

/ de ltar byas pa’i phyogsbzhi mtshams brgyad du

/ ki kang chen po gzir te 

/ mgo lho nub byung ste dgod 

/ shar lho (lhor)lag pa g.yas pa dgod 

/ byang nub tu lag pa g.yon pa dgod 

/ byang shar du rkang pa gnyis dgod 

/shar du mjug ma dgod 

/ lho ru dpung ba g.yas dgod 

/ nub tu dpung ba g.yon dgod 

/ byang duchu so dgod 

/ rkang pa gnyis kyi bar du mig dang mche ba snying gsum dgod 

/ ri rab kyi grwamtshams su sring mo bzhi dgod do

/ de ltar bkram zhing sbas pa las sba ru ma btub ste 

/ lus dedum bu re re las 

/ ki kang re re byung ste 

/ shin tu yang ’jig rten g.yos so

/ sring mo yang sba ruma btub ste 

/ grwa bzhi nas langs nas 

/ srid pa gsum gyi sems can la shin tu yang dus dangrnam pa med par za zhing ’cha’ ba dang 

/ sbyor ba ngan pa gtong ba las 

/ yang bcom ldan ’das gshin rje’i gshed pos khams gsum dbang du bsdus 

/ srid gsum zil gyis mnan

/ stong gsum gyistong chen po’i ’jig rten gyi khams thams cad mun nag bzhin du gtibs te 

/ thugs ye shes kyi nyizer gyi rtse la 

/ lcags kyu’i tshogs dang 

/ zhags pa’i tshogs dang 

/ lcags sgrog gi tshogs dang 

/ srilbu’i tshogs bsam gyis mi khyab par spros te 

/ hum hum pha 

/ ha la ha la dzah hum bam hoh ea ralli hring dza dza 

/ zhes ’brug stong dus gcig ldir ba tsam gyi sgra bsgrags nas dbang dubsdus pas 

/ ki kang ming po dang 

/ sring mo bcas pa 

/ bred 

/ rab tu bred 

/ kun tu rab tu bred 

/’dar 

/ rab tu ’dar 

/ kun tu rab tu ’dar 

/ sngangs 

/ rab tu sngangs 

/ kun tu rab tu sngangs nas 

/bcom ldan ’das la mgrin

[312] 

gcig tu thal mo sbyar te ’di skad ces gsol to

/ e m ho ’jigs byed chen po lags 

// bdag cag ki kang ming sring rnams 

/ / pha la gdug pa’i bu lags pas 

/ /snang srid srogchags ma lus kun

/ /su phrad khyur mid ’cha’ ba dang 

/ /sbyor ba ngan pa gtong ba dang 

/ /lotog ’joms pa’i las ’di dag 

/ /bdag cag rnams kyi rang las na 

/ /dpa’ bo chen po ci la bkyon

/ /sngar yang dpa’ bo chen po yis 

/ /bdag gi lus gtubs phyogs bcur sbas 

/ /’di yang shin tu ma legs so

/ / thugs rje ’breng yang mi mnga’ ’am

/ /gtso bo chen po khyod nyid ni 

/ /thugs rje byams pa’imnga’ bdag na 

/ /’di lta’i cho ’phrul ci la ston

/ /gtug pa’i gsung sgra ci la sgrogs 

/ /thugs kyisprul pa ci la ’gyed 

/ /dpa’ bo chen po bdag cag la 

//bka’ bab mi ’tshal ’bangs su mchi 

/ /’bangs lanan tan ma chung zhig 

/ ces gsol to

/ /spyi sdom srog snying ’di mdongs gsol du phul lo

/ / / mi g.yo zhing mi ’khu bar byas te 

/ dam bstsal zhing dbang bskur nas 

/ ’jig rten bde ba la bkod de 

/zas su ni sangs rgyas kyi bstan pa ’jig pa dang 

/ dmyal ba’i grong rten byed pa dang 

/ dam laszlog pa’i srog dang dbugs la dbang bskur te 

/ dbang lha ma srin sde brgyad dam la btags nasdbang bskur ro

/ /rog ti nag po de yang lus srin po la 

/ mgo bya rog gis brtsegs pa de 

/ lha masrin sde brgyad du gyur nas dus tshod dang tshed grangs la ’jug cing rgyu ba dang 

/ ki kangdang gshed bzhis bskyod ’gul gyis 

/ srog dang dbugs la dbang byed par gyur pas 

/ ki kang mingsring rnams rjes su yi rangs te 

/ ’jigs byed chen po la g.yas phyogs nas

[313] lan gsum bskor babyas nas 

/ pus btsugs thal mo spyar nas ’di skad ces gsol to

/ /a la la ho

/ ’jigs byed chen pos bdag

저널본문-2019-1호-최근.indd 1412019. 6. 23. 오전 10:41


142 

International Journal of Buddhist Tought & Culture 29(1)

·

2019 cag rnams la thugs brtse bar dgongs nas 

/ bdag cag rang rang gi spyod pa las dang mthun parbka’ stsal pa ngo mtshar che’o

/ bdag cag ming sring ji ltar bka’ stsal pa las mi ’da’ zhing 

/ gnyerdu gtad pa’i las rnams gdon mi za bar bgyid do zhes gsol zhing dam bcas nas 

/ rang rang gi gnas ga la ba der dong ngo

/ /zhes gsungs so

//

Bstan ’dzin Rgya tsho (2005, 307–313). Tiscorresponds to the first chapter of he Black Nail antra 

NGB (M) 931: mi, 276.3–361.2

(vol. 46), 276–289. 12 

Tere are a number of iconographic variants of the “Rāhula” type, however, some withlegs instead of a snake’s body. For instance, “Heruka Blood Eye” (ib. Khrag mig), alsoknown as the Supreme Gza’ in a

sādhana collection by Chos kyi grags pa (1595–1659),has a consort who sits in his lap and rides on a serpent, indicating he has human legs. SeeBailey (2015, 51) and also “Khrag mig ma” in Chandra (1999–2005, 6:1677). 13 

Te four blood clots may be a reference to, or connected with, Ki kang

/Rāhula’s foursisters. 14 Chronomancy here meaning techniques for determining the auspiciousness orinauspiciousness of hours, days, months, and years, in this context based specifically onthe knowledge of the purported locations and motions of certain deities. 15 On the function, history, and the full significance of the sa bdag, specifically in the contextof Sangs rgyas rgya tsho’s text, see Schuh (2011). See also Dorje (2001). 16 Adding to the confusion, however, I have found a reference to a Da hu ra nag po, alsonoted to be a Chinese treasure revealer with an important text with Clarifying Lamp in the title ( Sku rgyud snang gsal sgron me ), who is dated as late as the twelfth century.See Jamgön Kongtrul (2012, 900). However, given the different spelling of his name,the different text title, and the much later date, despite the striking similarities Iam inclined to believe this was a different person. I am not aware of any Chinesesource that mentions Du har nag po, though finding one should be a focus of furtherresearch. 17 

What is particularly interesting about this Sino-ibetan cosmic turtle myth and itsapparent intersection with the Ki kang

/Rāhula origin story is that it seems to takeinspiration from the Hindu myth in which the universe is created by the devas and asuras 

working together to churn the milky cosmic ocean with Mount Meru restingon the back of a giant turtle, who is an emanation of Vi

ṣṇ u. his also happens to bethe same myth in which Rāhu’s theft of the elixir of immortality features prominently. Te common ibetan name for Rāhu(la) is Khyab ’jug, which is also the ibetan namefor Vi ṣṇ u. Ki kang essentially standing in for the cosmic turtle in the Black Nail mythappears to be further Buddhist appropriation and adaptation of Vi ṣṇ u’s mythology. Formore discussion on this appropriation, see Bailey (2015, 59–63). On the transmission ofthe Chinese iconographic figure of the divination turtle to ibet, see Poupard (2018). Itshould also be noted that the eight-fold dismemberment of Ki kang is distinctly differentfrom the typical Indian myth of Rāhu’s beheading, where he is cut into only two pieces– head and tail (Bailey 2012, 18). 저널본문-2019-1호-최근.indd 1422019. 6. 23. 오전 10:41


BAILEY• Te Demon Crowned with a Raven Head

Rāhula’s Archaic Form “Ki kang” and his Chinese Origins

143 18 

Tis deity was, for instance, invoked in the wrathful magic practices of the (in)famousMongol-repelling sorcerer, Sog bzlog pa Blo gros rgyal mtshan (1552–1624) (Gentry2017, 350).



Source

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