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Difference between revisions of "Twelve Heavenly Generals"

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In some Buddhist denominations, the Twelve Heavenly Generals or Twelve Divine Generals are the protective deities, or yaksha, of Bhaisajyaguru, the buddha of healing. They are introduced in the Bhaiṣajyaguruvaidūryaprabharāja Sūtra.[1] They are collectively named as follows:
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In some Buddhist denominations, the Twelve Heavenly Generals or Twelve Divine Generals are the protective deities, or yaksha, of Bhaisajyaguru, the buddha of healing. They are introduced in the Bhaiṣajyaguruvaidūryaprabharāja Sūtra. They are collectively named as follows:
  
 
::*simplified Chinese: 十二神将; traditional Chinese: 十二神將; pinyin: Shí'èr Shén Jiāng
 
::*simplified Chinese: 十二神将; traditional Chinese: 十二神將; pinyin: Shí'èr Shén Jiāng
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::*Japanese: Jūni Shinshō (十二神将?) or Jūni Shinnō (十二神王?) or Jūni Yakusha Taishō (十二薬叉大将?)[2]
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::*Japanese: Jūni Shinshō (十二神将?) or Jūni Shinnō (十二神王?) or Jūni Yakusha Taishō (十二薬叉大将?)
  
 
==Names of Generals==
 
==Names of Generals==
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The names of the generals are:<ref name="statuary"/>
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The names of the generals are:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Sanskrit !!  kanji !! Hepburn romanization|romanized Japanese !! Pinyin
 
! Sanskrit !!  kanji !! Hepburn romanization|romanized Japanese !! Pinyin
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Kumbhīra}} ||{{Nihongo2|宮毘羅<br>金毘羅}} || Kubira<br>Kompira (Shinto) || ''Guānpíluò<br>Jīnpeíluò''
+
| Kumbhīra ||Nihongo2|宮毘羅<br>金毘羅 || Kubira<br>Kompira (Shinto) || ''Guānpíluò<br>Jīnpeíluò''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Vajra}} || {{Nihongo2|伐折羅}} || Basara, Bazara || ''Fázhéluò''
+
| Vajra || Nihongo2|伐折羅 || Basara, Bazara || ''Fázhéluò''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Mihira}} || {{Nihongo2|迷企羅}} || Mekira, Meikira || ''Míqǐluò''
+
| Mihira || Nihongo2|迷企羅 || Mekira, Meikira || ''Míqǐluò''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Aṇḍīra}} || {{Nihongo2|安底羅}} || Anchira, Anteira || ''Āndǐluò''
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| Aṇḍīra || Nihongo2|安底羅 || Anchira, Anteira || ''Āndǐluò''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Anila}} || {{Nihongo2|頞儞羅}} || Anira<br>Majira || ''Ènǐluò''
+
| Anila || Nihongo2|頞儞羅 || Anira<br>Majira || ''Ènǐluò''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Sandilya (Rishi)|Śāṇḍilya}} || {{Nihongo2|珊底羅}} || Sanchira, Santeira || ''Shāndìluò''
+
|Sandilya (Rishi)|Śāṇḍilya || Nihongo2|珊底羅 || Sanchira, Santeira || ''Shāndìluò''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Indra}} || {{Nihongo2|因達羅<br>帝釈天}} || Indara || ''Yīndàluò<br>Dìshìtiān''
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| Indra}|| Nihongo2|因達羅<br>帝釈天 || Indara || ''Yīndàluò<br>Dìshìtiān''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Pajra}} || {{Nihongo2|波夷羅}} || Haira || ''Bōyìluò''
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| Pajra || Nihongo2|波夷羅 || Haira || ''Bōyìluò''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Mahoraga}} || {{Nihongo2|摩虎羅<br>摩睺羅伽}} || Makora<br>Makura || ''Mòhǔluò<br>Mòhóuluòjiā''
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| Mahoraga || Nihongo2|摩虎羅<br>摩睺羅伽 || Makora<br>Makura || ''Mòhǔluò<br>Mòhóuluòjiā''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Kinnara}} || {{Nihongo2|真達羅}} || Shintara, Kimnara<br>Shindūra || ''Zhēndàluò''
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| Kinnara || Nihongo2|真達羅 || Shintara, Kimnara<br>Shindūra || ''Zhēndàluò''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Catura}} || {{Nihongo2|招杜羅}} || Shōtora<br>Shatora || ''Zhāodùluò''
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| Catura || Nihongo2|招杜羅 || Shōtora<br>Shatora || ''Zhāodùluò''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{lang|sa|Vikarāla}} || {{Nihongo2|毘羯羅}} || Bikara<br>Bigyara || ''Píjiéluò''
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| Vikarāla || Nihongo2|毘羯羅 || Bikara<br>Bigyara || ''Píjiéluò''
 
|}
 
|}
  
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The goddess Marici (Buddhism)|Marichi, protector of warriors and protector against fire is sometimes worshipped as one of the Twelve Heavenly Generals.<ref name="statuary"/>
+
The goddess Marici (Buddhism)|Marichi, protector of warriors and protector against fire is sometimes worshipped as one of the Twelve Heavenly Generals.
  
 
==Popular culture==
 
==Popular culture==

Revision as of 16:18, 22 June 2013

Tijinoyakusi2.JPG

In some Buddhist denominations, the Twelve Heavenly Generals or Twelve Divine Generals are the protective deities, or yaksha, of Bhaisajyaguru, the buddha of healing. They are introduced in the Bhaiṣajyaguruvaidūryaprabharāja Sūtra. They are collectively named as follows:

  • simplified Chinese: 十二神将; traditional Chinese: 十二神將; pinyin: Shí'èr Shén Jiāng
  • Japanese: Jūni Shinshō (十二神将?) or Jūni Shinnō (十二神王?) or Jūni Yakusha Taishō (十二薬叉大将?)

Names of Generals

The names of the generals are:

Sanskrit kanji romanized Japanese Pinyin
Kumbhīra 宮毘羅
金毘羅		 Kubira
Kompira (Shinto)		 Guānpíluò
Jīnpeíluò
Vajra 伐折羅 Basara, Bazara Fázhéluò
Mihira 迷企羅 Mekira, Meikira Míqǐluò
Aṇḍīra 安底羅 Anchira, Anteira Āndǐluò
Anila 頞儞羅 Anira
Majira		 Ènǐluò
Śāṇḍilya 珊底羅 Sanchira, Santeira Shāndìluò
Indra} 因達羅
帝釈天		 Indara Yīndàluò
Dìshìtiān
Pajra 波夷羅 Haira Bōyìluò
Mahoraga 摩虎羅
摩睺羅伽		 Makora
Makura		 Mòhǔluò
Mòhóuluòjiā
Kinnara 真達羅 Shintara, Kimnara
Shindūra		 Zhēndàluò
Catura 招杜羅 Shōtora
Shatora		 Zhāodùluò
Vikarāla 毘羯羅 Bikara
Bigyara		 Píjiéluò

The goddess Marici (Buddhism)|Marichi, protector of warriors and protector against fire is sometimes worshipped as one of the Twelve Heavenly Generals.

Popular culture

General Catura at Ngong Ping

  • Statues of the Twelve Heavenly Generals stand in Ngong Ping, Hong Kong. They are near the Statue of Big Buddha.
  • In the anime Digimon Tamers, the twelve devas are named after the Twelve Heavenly Generals.


Source

Wikipedia:Twelve Heavenly Generals

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