Kṣemadatta
Chapter 34
Then the Bhagavān said to the youth Candraprabha,1160 “Young man, bodhisattva mahāsattvas who wish for this samādhi, and wish to attain quickly the highest, complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood, should abide in the absence of attributes and be dedicated to making vast offerings to a present tathāgata or to the stūpa of a tathāgata who has passed into nirvāṇa.
34.2 “Young man, those bodhisattva mahāsattvas should develop an aspiration focused upon all beings as they wish for this samādhi. And, wishing to attain quickly the highest, complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood, they should abide in the absence of attributes, without aspiration for the ripening of karma, and use even their own body and life to perform vast actions of making offerings to a present tathāgata or to the stūpa of a tathāgata who has passed into nirvāṇa.
34.3 “With their mind and attention focused on compassion; with a loud, clear voice, elevated and pleasant; and with especially noble vocabulary and a continuity of words they should teach extensively to others, propagate, and explain the samādhi, the revealed equality of the nature of all phenomena. Why is that? Because, young man, this king of samādhis, the revealed equality of the nature of all phenomena, is the basis and root of the entire Dharma.
34.4 “Young man, when bodhisattva mahāsattvas who have great compassion [F.116.b] and diligently rely on methods are dedicated to making vast offerings to a present tathāgata or to the stūpa of a tathāgata who has passed into nirvāṇa, they should teach extensively to others this king of samādhis, the revealed equality of the nature of all phenomena.
34.5 “At that time, young man, those bodhisattva mahāsattvas should abide in the doorways to liberation that are emptiness, the absence of attributes, and the absence of aspiration, and should not apprehend any phenomenon whatsoever. The bodhisattva mahāsattvas who abide in the practice of the samādhi that is free of apprehending will abide in all aspirations. Young man, the bodhisattva mahāsattvas who abide in all aspirations will fulfill all the aspirations of all beings, will quickly attain this samādhi, and will quickly attain the highest, complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood.1161
34.6 “Young man, you should understand this through the following teaching.
34.7 “Young man, in the past, uncountable, vast, immeasurable, inconceivable, innumerable countless eons ago,1162 at that time and in those days, there appeared in the world the Bhagavān, the tathāgata, the arhat, the perfectly enlightened Buddha Ghoṣadatta, who was perfect in wisdom and conduct, a sugata, a knower of the world, an unsurpassable guide who tamed beings, a teacher of devas and humans, a buddha, and a bhagavān.
34.8 “Young man, the Tathāgata, the arhat, the perfectly enlightened Buddha Ghoṣadatta established countless, innumerable beings in the cessation of defilements, in arhatship, and having established them in that state, he passed into nirvāṇa. He also established countless, innumerable beings in irreversible progress toward the highest, complete enlightenment of perfect buddhahood and then passed into nirvāṇa. [F.117.a]
34.9 “Young man, at that time and in those days,1163 in Jambudvīpa there was a king named Śrīghoṣa. In order to make offerings to the Tathāgata who had passed into nirvāṇa he built eighty-four quintillion stūpas that contained the relics of the Tathāgata and he presented eighty-four quintillion lights to each of those stūpas. In the same way he offered eighty-four quintillion musical instruments, percussion instruments, flowers, incense offerings, perfumes, garlands, ointments, powders, robes, parasols, banners, and flags to each of those stūpas.
34.10 “Young man, in that way King Śrīghoṣa made offerings to the stūpas that contained the relics of the Tathāgata. Then he gathered eighty quintillion bodhisattvas and dedicated himself to making offerings of all the most pleasing necessities to those bodhisattvas.
34.11 “Every one of all those bodhisattva mahāsattvas was a dharmabhāṇaka. They had uninterrupted eloquence, the attainment of samādhi, and the attainment of unimpeded retention. They were teachers of the pure Dharma, and had attained the perfection of the supreme powers of a bodhisattva.
34.12 “Young man, at that time, within that assembly there was a bodhisattva mahāsattva1164 named Kṣemadatta. He was a young boy with black hair, in the first stage of youth. He had become a youth who did not indulge in desires, but was a young celibate, who had been keeping the vow for a year.
34.13 “Young man, at that time, King Śrīghoṣa made a request to that great assembly of bodhisattvas. He made a request to those bodhisattva mahāsattvas that he might, combining the six perfections, accomplish the great retention of the bodhisattva piṭaka, skill in methods, and unimpeded power and guidance. [F.117.b] That evening he lit a quintillion lights before the stūpas that contained the relics of the Tathāgata. He also swept clean the circumambulation walkway, moistened and washed it, scattered flowers upon it, and arranged various seats. King Śrīghoṣa then came there accompanied by his harem and the people of the villages, towns, and regions. Holding musical instruments, percussion instruments, cymbals, flowers, incense, perfumes, garlands, ointments, powders, robes, parasols, banners, and flags, they made offerings to the stūpa, which contained the relics of the Tathāgata. Afterwards, in order to hear the Dharma, accompanied by his harem of queens, he ascended to the roof of the palace. Gatherings of devas and humans also assembled in order to hear the Dharma.
34.14 “The bodhisattva Kṣemadatta saw them and the lights from the numerous quintillions of offered lamps that shone as one pervading radiance. Knowing that many devas and humans had assembled in order to hear the Dharma, he thought, ‘I have entered the Mahāyāna, and because I now long for this samādhi I shall make an offering to the Tathāgata. It will be such an offering to the Tathāgata that it will amaze the worlds of devas, humans, and asuras, and bring them joy, delight, pleasure, and happiness, and they will obtain the light of the Dharma. I shall make an offering that will surpass all the offerings made to the Tathāgata by King Śrīghoṣa and amaze King Śrīghoṣa, his harem of queens, and his attendants, and bring them joy, delight, pleasure, and happiness.’ [F.118.a]
34.15 “The bodhisattva mahāsattva Kṣemadatta was joyful and happy, and knowing that the great assembly of people had gathered to hear the Dharma, that evening he sat in front of the Tathāgata’s stūpa, bound his right hand in cotton, and immersed it in sesame oil. Having immersed it in sesame oil he set it alight.
34.16 “At this point the bodhisattva mahāsattva Kṣemadatta developed the supreme intention. He developed the supreme intention for the highest, complete enlightenment and, seeking complete enlightenment, although his right hand was burning brightly, his mind and the expression of his face remained unchanged.
34.17 “Young man, as the bodhisattva mahāsattva Kṣemadatta’s right hand burned brightly, and was transformed into a single flame, at that time this great earth shook. The light from his burning right hand made that of the many quintillions of offering lamps seem dark, and its great illumination spread in all directions, its radiance illuminating and pervading every direction.
34.18 “He became joyful and happy, and with a gentle and pleasing voice, a uniquely superior vocabulary, and a continuity of words and letters, he taught1165 the samādhi, the revealed equality of the nature of all phenomena so that the entire assembly understood it in detail.
34.19 “The one thousand two hundred Trāyastriṃśa devas assembled there to listen to the Dharma were made joyous and happy and made various divine offerings. The apsarases engaged in singing divine songs.1166
34.20 “King Śrīghoṣa, who was keeping the eight poṣadha vows, was in the middle of his harem of queens, with his court before him, seated on the roof of his palace. He saw that the bodhisattva mahāsattva Kṣemadatta’s hand was burning and outshining all other lights, [F.118.b] creating a brightness that transcended the lights of devas and the lights of humans.
34.21 “He thought, ‘This bodhisattva mahāsattva has attained great higher cognition,’ and felt intense joy, faith, veneration, and reverence for the bodhisattva mahāsattva Kṣemadatta. Supported by his great accumulation of merit and roots of merit he leapt from the roof of the palace, together with his harem of eighty queens. He leapt because of his joy on having seen the bodhisattva mahāsattva Kṣemadatta.
34.22 “Because of the roots of merit that were produced by his veneration, he and his retinue were caught by devas, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kiṃnaras, and mahoragas. After they had been caught by devas, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kiṃnaras, and mahoragas, King Śrīghoṣa and his retinue, even though they had jumped from a building that was a hundred thousand cubits high, were physically unharmed, mentally unharmed, and were not unnerved.
34.23 “King Śrīghoṣa extended both his hands, and together with the great assembly of people saw the bodhisattva mahāsattva Kṣemadatta’s hand on fire and burning brightly. All of them cried out loudly and wailed. Then the king, together with the great assembly of people, weeping and shedding tears, came before the bodhisattva mahāsattva Kṣemadatta.
34.24 “Young man, the bodhisattva mahāsattva Kṣemadatta saw King Śrīghoṣa, and having seen him asked, ‘Great king, why are you and this great assembly of people here before me crying out loudly, wailing, sorrowful, and weeping?’ [F.119.a]
“King Śrīghoṣa spoke these verses to the bodhisattva mahāsattva Kṣemadatta:
3
4.25
“ ‘These beings have cried out1167
Because they have seen that Kṣemadatta,
The one with great wisdom, the learned one,
The dharmabhāṇaka, has lost a limb. {1}
34.26
“ ‘Seeing that this body
That emits this brilliant light
Has had a hand destroyed,
I also feel great suffering. {2}
34.27
“ ‘The light from your burning hand
Has shone into the ten directions.
The divine light you have emitted
Has obscured the light of these lamps. {3}
34.28
“ ‘This earth has been shaken
And you are not disheartened.
There arose in me the thought,
“That is no ordinary wise man.” {4}
34.29
“ ‘I leapt a hundred thousand cubits
From the roof of my palace,
Together with my harem of queens,
But my body was not harmed. {5}
34.30
“ ‘How excellent your wonderful wisdom!
How excellent your unsurpassable mind!
How excellent your dedicated diligence!
How excellent your great aspiration! {6}
34.31
“ ‘Your hand1168 is burning
But you are not disturbed.
You are happy and joyous
And again teach the Dharma. {7}
34.32
“ ‘Worthy friend, you are as beautiful
As the moon that is full,
Or the sun high in the sky,
Or Sumeru, the king of mountains. {8}
34.33
“ ‘Wise one, may I also
Fulfill such a prayer!
Rejecting my care for the body
I will accomplish benefit for beings. {9}
34.34
“ ‘I delight in joy for the Dharma;
My happiness in that is inconceivable.
That you have lost a limb
Causes me the highest suffering.’ {10}
34.35
“Kṣemadatta, through devas and nāgas,
Made offerings to the king
And he spoke these verses
With infinite confidence: {11}
34.36
“ ‘Someone who has no hand
Is not the one who lacks a limb;
Someone who has no correct conduct
Is the one who is lacking a limb. {12}
34.37
“ ‘This putrid1169 body of mine
I have offered to the tathāgatas,
The inconceivable recipients of offerings,
The ones to whom offerings should be made by all the world. {13} [F.119.b].
34.38
“ ‘Seeking the wisdom of buddhahood
I offer to the lords of the worlds
Infinite billion-world universes
Entirely filled with jewels. {14}
34.39
“ ‘There are these material offerings
But there are other inconceivable offerings.
Those who know that phenomena are empty
Give away their bodies and their lives. {15}
34.40
“ ‘I shall speak words of truth.
Great king, listen to me!
All the people gathered here,
Understand the meaning of these verses! {16}
34.41
“ ‘If it is true that I will become a buddha,
One who is revered by the world,
May that truth cause this earth
To shake in six ways!’ {17}
34.42
“He spoke those words
And the earth shook.
Millions of devas were overjoyed,
Amazed, and astonished. {18}
34.43
“The joyous devas and humans
Developed the aspiration for enlightenment.
Immeasurable, incalculable numbers
Were established in the supreme yāna. {19}
34.44
“The benefit accomplished
By the bhikṣu Kṣemadatta
Is the unending and inconceivable engagement
With the wisdom of the buddhas. {20}
34.45
“ ‘If it is true that this phenomenon
That is called “hand” does not exist,
Then may that truth cause my hand
To be instantly restored as it was before! {21}
34.46
“ ‘If it is true that this phenomenon
Called “Kṣemadatta” does not exist,
Though one seeks for it in the ten directions,
It will be not be found, because it is empty. {22}
34.47
“ ‘Whatever sound arises,
Know it to be empty.
Sound is like an echo:
Know phenomena to be like that. {23}
34.48
“ ‘When there is fearlessness,
Emptiness is fully comprehended.
Through those words of truth
May the entire world not be burned! {24}
34.49
“ ‘May all the beings in the three existences,
The devas and the humans,
All rest in a state of meditation
Because of the brilliance of omniscience. {25}
34.50
“ ‘All the misfortunes
That devas and humans have,
May they all come to cessation
Through the brilliance of irreversibility!’ {26}
34.51
“After Kṣemadatta spoke those verses
His hand grew back, [F.120.a]
And Kṣemadatta’s body became
Adorned by the primary signs. {27}
34.52
“Ten thousand million devas
Who were residing in the sky
Threw down at that moment
Coral tree flowers upon the bhikṣu. {28}
34.53
“Those divine flowers
Filled up this world.
A quintillion apsarases
Engaged in performing songs. {29}
34.54
“When Kṣemadatta
Emitted these words,
Ten thousand million buddhas
Witnessed this miracle. {30}
34.55
“In each of their realms
They made his great fame known
To their bhikṣus and bhikṣuṇīs,
Upāsakas and upāsikās:1170 {31}
34.56
“ ‘This bhikṣu Kṣemadatta
Is wise and has great might.
He burned his hand in order to gain
The wisdom of buddhahood.’ {32}
34.57
“Thousands of realms,
As numerous as the Ganges sands,
Were illuminated by that lamp,
Which was like the fire at an eon’s end. {33}
34.58
“All the realms became filled
With flowers and sandalwood1171 powder,
Up to kneeheight
From the ground.1172 {34}
34.59
“Jewels and flowers of every kind
Filled the buddha realm.
Nāgas brought down a rain of pearls
As an offering to Kṣemadatta. {35}
34.60
“This realm became adorned
By a display of every kind of jewel.
Jewels and pearls were spread out
As an offering to Kṣemadatta. {36}
34.61
“Devas, nāgas, and yakṣas,
kiṃnaras 1173 and mahoragas,
As numerous as the Ganges sands,
Were established in the highest enlightenment.” {37}
34.62
The Śākya lion, the Buddha,
Was on Vulture Peak Mountain.
In front of his assembly of bhikṣus
The Jina roared this lion’s roar: {38}
34.63
“It is I who was Kṣemadatta
And Ajita was Śrīghoṣa.
For ten thousand million eons
I practiced the bodhisattva conduct. {39}
34.64
“Countless women,
The moment they saw
Bhikṣu Kṣemadatta,
Ceased being women.1174 {40}
34.65
“The Lord of humans prophesied
That they would not return
But that they all would become
Self-arisen guides of the world.1175 {41} [F.120.b]
34.66
“The wise who have heard this sūtra,
The teaching on the disciplines of mendicancy, 1176
Should have no cherishing for the body
And should study well this Dharma.” {42}
34.67
Conclusion of the thirty-fourth chapter, “Kṣemadatta.”1177
