P'u-t'o
P’u-t’o Shan, literally "Mount Potalaka," was identified with Avalokite'svara's mountain of Potalaka, which is often located in the south of India.
The Chinese “Mount Potalaka” is a mountainous island of Pu-to Shan Kwan Yin statue approximately 48 square miles situated over 62 miles east of the coast of Zhejiang province, covered with monasteries, cave temples, and shrines, and is one of the most important Buddhistic centers in China.
Since this is a place where many visitors have sought and received visions of Kwan Yin, its patron Bodhisattva, over the millennia it has become the foremost site for Kwan Yin worship in China.
The island harbors several Buddhist monasteries and landscape features connected with Buddhist mythology, all of which have undergone periods of prominence, disintegration, and restoration.
P’u-t’o Shan was a place of pilgrimage as early as the Sung dynasty (960–1279), and is believed to have been first established in 916.
Its early sect was associated with Kwan Yin, the goddess of mercy, an image of whom was brought there from T'ien-t'ai Shan, a centre of Buddhism on the adjacent mainland.
In the 11th century a temple to the goddess was restored and considerably augmented; it became a major temple of Ch'an (Japanese Zen) Buddhism in 1131.
The religious complex developed strong bonds with the major centers of Zen Buddhism in Japan due to considerable maritime interactions with that country.
Evidence of these compelling links is demonstrated by the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan’s employment of monks from P'u-t'o Shan as emissaries in his effort to conquer Japan in the late 13th century.
The area was extensively desecrated by the invasions of Japanese marauders during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), and the temples deteriorated into a state of decay.
However, in 1580 the monastic complex was renovated and it was granted Imperial protection during under the Ch'ing dynasty (1644–1911).
Putuo Shan, the Buddhist sacred mountain of the east, is actually a mountainous island south of Shanghai and east of Ningbo. It is the home of the most popular Bodhisattva of China - Guan Yin (Kuan Yin).
The Bodhisattva of compassion, she who hears the cries of the suffering, is the queen of Putuo Shan, in Sanskrit she is known as Avalokitesvara.
Here she rules supreme from the 100 foot tall statue of Guan Yin of the South Sea to a diminutive figure of her a small cave grotto, all of Putuo Shan is devoted to her.
Since Putuo Shan is an island separated from the rest of China it has not seen the industrial development that characterizes the rest of China.
It is still a rugged, forested island with little development and broad sandy beaches.
The park-like atmosphere and numerous Buddhist temples give the island a peacefulness that can't be found on the mainland of China.
Most activity on the island centers around the 1000 year old Pu Ji Si (Temple of Universal Salvation) and the beautiful Hai Yin Pond that fronts the temple.
From this central location most of the temples, scenic overlooks, and grottoes are an easy hike.
The latest addition to Pu Tuo Shan's collection of temples is the new Nan Hai Guan Yin (South Sea Guan Yin) with its giant statue of Guan Yin, exquisite stone carvings, Buddhist art, and museum-like murals depicting the Guan Yin story.
