Difference between revisions of "Ariya-puggala"
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Or simply [[Ariya]] | Or simply [[Ariya]] | ||
[[File:Buddha5.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Buddha5.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| − | '[[Noble]] | + | '[[Noble Ones]]', '[[Noble persons]]'. |
| − | '''(A) The 8 a. are those who have realized one of the 8 stages of holiness,''' | + | '''(A) The 8 a. are those who have [[realized]] one of the 8 stages of holiness,''' |
| − | i.e. the 4 supermundane paths ([[Magga]]) and the 4 supermundane fruitions (phala) of these paths. | + | i.e. the 4 [[supermundane]] [[paths]] ([[Magga]]) and the 4 [[supermundane]] [[fruitions]] ([[phala]]) of these [[paths]]. |
There are 4 pairs: | There are 4 pairs: | ||
| − | * 1. The one realizing the path of Stream-winning (''sotāpattimagga''). | + | * 1. The one [[realizing]] the [[path of Stream-winning]] (''[[sotāpattimagga]]''). |
| − | * 2. The one realizing the fruition of Stream-winning (''sotāpattiphala''). | + | * 2. The one [[realizing]] the [[fruition of Stream-winning]] (''[[sotāpattiphala]]''). |
| − | * 3. The one realizing the path of Once-return (''sakadāgāmimagga''). | + | * 3. The one [[realizing]] the [[path of Once-return]] (''[[sakadāgāmimagga]]''). |
| − | * 4. The one realizing the fruition of Once-return (''sakadāgāmiphala''). | + | * 4. The one [[realizing]] the [[fruition of Once-return]] (''[[sakadāgāmiphala]]''). |
| − | * 5. The one realizing the path of Non-return (''anāgāmimagga''). | + | * 5. The one [[realizing]] the [[path of Non-return]] (''[[anāgāmimagga]]''). |
| − | * 6. The one realizing the fruition of Non-return (''anāgāmiphala''). | + | * 6. The one [[realizing]] the [[fruition of Non-return]] (''[[anāgāmiphala]]''). |
| − | * 7. The one realizing the path of Holiness (''arahatta- | + | * 7. The one [[realizing]] the [[path of Holiness]] (''[[arahatta-Magga]]''). |
| − | * 8. The one realizing the fruition of Holiness (''arahatta-phala''). | + | * 8. The one [[realizing]] the [[fruition of Holiness]] (''[[arahatta-phala]]''). |
| + | |||
| + | Summed up, there are 4 [[Noble]] {{Wiki|individuals}} (''[[Ariya-puggala]]''): | ||
| − | + | * the [[Stream-winner]] (''[[Sotāpanna]]''), | |
| + | * the [[Once-Returner]] (''[[Sakadāgāmi]]''), | ||
| + | * the [[Non-returner]] (''[[Anāgāmī]]''), | ||
| + | * the [[Holy One]] (''[[Arahat]]''). | ||
| − | + | In A.VIII.10 and A.IX.16 the [[gotrabhū]] is listed as the 9th [[Noble individual]]. | |
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| − | + | According to the [[Abhidhamma]], '[[supermundane]] [[path]]', or simply '[[path]]' ([[Magga]]), is a designation of the [[moment]] of entering into one of the 4 stages of holiness - [[Nibbāna]] [[being]] the [[object]] - produced by intuitional [[Insight]] ([[vipassanā]]) into the [[Impermanence]], [[misery]] and [[impersonality]] of [[existence]], flashing forth and forever [[transforming]] one's [[Life]] and [[nature]]. By '[[fruition]]' ([[phala]]) is meant those moments of [[Consciousness]] which follow immediately thereafter as the result of the [[path]], and which in certain circumstances may repeat for {{Wiki|innumerable}} times during the [[Life]]-[[time]]. | |
| − | + | * (I) [[Through the path of Stream-winning]] ([[sotāpatti-Magga]]) one 'becomes' free (whereas in [[realizing]] the [[fruition]], one 'is' free) from the first 3 [[Fetters]] ([[Samyojana]]) which bind [[beings]] to [[existence]] in the [[sensuous sphere]], to wit: | |
| + | ** (1) [[personality-belief]] (''[[Sakkāya-ditthi]]''; [[s]]. ''[[Ditthi]]''), | ||
| + | ** (2) [[skeptical Doubt]] (''[[vicikicchā]]''), | ||
| + | ** (3) [[Attachment to mere rules and rituals]] (''[[sīlabbata-parāmāsa]]''; [[s]]. ''[[Upādāna]]''). | ||
| + | * (II) [[Through the path of Once-return]] (''[[sakadāgāmi-Magga]]'') one becomes nearly free from the 4th and 5th [[Fetters]], to wit: | ||
| + | ** (4) [[sensuous Craving]] (''[[Kāma-cchanda]]'' = ''[[Kāma]]''-''[[Rāga]]''; [[s]]. ''[[Rāga]]''), | ||
| + | ** (5) [[ill-will]] (''[[vyāpāda]]'' = ''[[dosa]]'', [[s]]. ''[[Mūla]]''). | ||
| + | * (III) [[Through the path of Non-return]] (''[[Anāgāmi-Magga]]'') one becomes fully free from the above-mentioned 5 lower [[Fetters]]. | ||
| + | * (IV) [[Through the path of Holiness]] (''[[arahatta-Magga]]'') one further becomes free from the 5 higher [[Fetters]], to wit: | ||
| + | ** (6) [[Craving for fine material existence]] (''[[Rūpa-Rāga]]''), | ||
| + | ** (7) [[Craving for immaterial existence]]. (''[[arūpa-Rāga]]''), | ||
| + | ** (8) [[conceit]] (''[[Māna]]''), | ||
| + | ** (9) [[restlessness]] (''[[Uddhacca]]''), | ||
| + | ** (10) [[Ignorance]] (''[[avijjā]]''). | ||
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The stereotype [[Sutta]] text runs as follows: | The stereotype [[Sutta]] text runs as follows: | ||
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| − | For the various classes of Stream-winners and Non-Returners, s. [[Sotāpanna]], Anāgāmī. | + | * (I) "After the [[disappearance]] of the three [[Fetters]], the [[Monk]] has won the {{Wiki|stream}} (to ''[[Nibbāna]]'') and is no more [[subject]] to [[Rebirth]] in lower [[worlds]], is firmly established, destined for full [[Enlightenment]]. |
| + | |||
| + | * (II) "After the [[disappearance]] of the three [[Fetters]] and reduction of [[Greed]], [[hatred]] and [[Delusion]], he will return only once more; and having once more returned to this [[World]], he will put an end to [[Suffering]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * (III) "After the [[disappearance]] of the five [[Fetters]] he appears in a higher [[World]], and there he reaches [[Nibbāna]] without ever returning from that [[World]] (to the [[sensuous sphere]]). | ||
| + | |||
| + | * (IV) "Through the [[extinction]] of all [[cankers]] (āsava-kkhaya) he reaches already in this very [[Life]] the [[deliverance]] of [[Mind]], the [[deliverance]] through [[Wisdom]], which is free from [[cankers]], and which he himself has understood and [[realized]]." | ||
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| + | For the various classes of [[Stream-winners]] and [[Non-Returner]]'[[s]], [[s]]. [[Sotāpanna]], [[Anāgāmī]]. | ||
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| + | '''(B) The sevenfold grouping of the [[Noble]] [[disciples]] is as follows:''' | ||
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| + | * (1) the [[Faith-devotee]] (''[[saddhānusārī]]''), | ||
| + | * (2) the [[Faith-liberated]] one (''[[saddhāvimutta]]''), | ||
| + | * (3) the [[Body-witness]] (''[[Kāya-sakkhī]]''), | ||
| + | * (4) the [[both-ways-liberated]] one (''[[ubhato-bhāga-vimutta]]''), | ||
| + | * (5) the [[Dhamma-devotee]] (''[[Dhammā nusārī]]''), | ||
| + | * (6) the [[vision-attainer]] (''[[ditthippatta]]''), | ||
| + | * (7) the [[Wisdom-liberated]] one (''[[paññā-vimutta]]''). | ||
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| + | This group of seven [[Noble]] [[disciples]] is thus explained in Vis.M. XXI, 73: | ||
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| + | * (1) "[[He who is filled with resolution]] (''[[Adhimokkha]]'') and, in considering the [[formations]] as [[impermanent]] (''[[Anicca]]''), gains the {{Wiki|faculty}} of [[Faith]], he, at the [[moment]] of the [[path]] to [[Stream-winning]] (A.1) is called a [[Faith]]-[[devotee]] (''[[saddhānusārī]]''); | ||
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| + | * (2) at the seven higher stages (A. 2-8) he is called a [[Faith-liberated]] one (''[[saddhā-vimutta]]''). | ||
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| + | * (3) He who is filled with [[tranquility]] and, in considering the [[formations]] as [[miserable]] (''[[Dukkha]]''), gains the {{Wiki|faculty}} of [[Concentration]], he in every [[respect]] is considered as a [[Body-witness]] ([[Kāya-sakkhī]]). | ||
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| + | * (4) He, however, who after reaching the absorptions of the {{Wiki|immaterial}} [[sphere]] has [[attained]] the [[highest]] [[fruition]] (of Holiness), he is a [[both-ways-liberated]] one (''[[ubhato-bhāga-vimutta]]''). | ||
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| + | * (5) He who is filled with [[Wisdom]] and, in considering the [[formations]] as [[not-self]] ([[anattā]]), gains the {{Wiki|faculty}} of [[Wisdom]], he is at the [[moment]] of [[Stream-winning]] a [[Dhamma-devotee]] (''[[Dhammā nusārī]]''), | ||
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| + | * (6) at the later stages (A. 2-7) a [[vision-attainer]] (''[[ditthippatta]]''), | ||
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| + | * (7) at the [[highest]] stage (A. 8) a [[Wisdom-liberated]] one (''[[Paññā vimutta]]'')." | ||
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| + | Further details about the [[Body]]-{{Wiki|witness}}, the [[both-ways-liberated]] one and the [[Wisdom]]-{{Wiki|liberated}} one, [[s]]. under the three [[Pāli]] terms. Cf. also M. 70; A. IX, 44; S. XII, 70; Pts.M. II, p. 33, PTS. | ||
| + | <poem> | ||
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| + | For the various classes of [[Stream-winners]] and [[Non-Returners]], s. [[Sotāpanna]], [[Anāgāmī]]. | ||
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| + | (B) The sevenfold grouping of the [[noble disciples]] is as follows: | ||
| + | |||
| + | (1) the [[faith-devotee]] ([[saddhānusārī]]), | ||
| + | (2) the [[faith-liberated]] one ([[saddhāvimutta]]), | ||
| + | (3) the [[body-witness]] ([[kāya-sakkhī]]), | ||
| + | (4) the [[both-ways-liberated]] one ([[ubhato-bhāga-vimutta]]), | ||
| + | (5) the [[Dhamma-devotee]] ([[dhammānusārī]]), | ||
| + | (6) the [[vision-attainer]] ([[diṭṭhippatta]]), | ||
| + | (7) the [[wisdom-liberated]] one ([[paññā-vimutta]]). | ||
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| + | This group of seven [[noble disciples]] is thus explained in Vis.M. XXI, 73: | ||
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| − | + | (1) "[[He who is filled with resolution]] ([[adhimokkha]]) and, in considering the [[formations]] as [[impermanent]] ([[anicca]]), gains the {{Wiki|faculty}} of [[faith]], he, at the [[moment]] of the [[path]] to [[Stream-winning]] | |
| − | + | (A.1) is called a [[faith-devotee]] ([[saddhānusārī]]); | |
| − | + | (2) at the seven higher stages (A. 2-8) he is called a [[faith-liberated]] one ([[saddhā-vimutta]]). | |
| − | + | (3) He who is filled with [[tranquility]] and, in considering the [[formations]] as [[miserable]] ([[dukkha]]), gains the {{Wiki|faculty}} of [[concentration]], he in every [[respect]] is considered as a [[body-witness]] ([[kāya-sakkhī]]). | |
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| − | + | (4) He, however, who after reaching the absorptions of the [[immaterial sphere]] has [[attained]] the [[highest]] [[fruition]] (of Holiness), he is a [[both-ways-liberated]] one ([[ubhato-bhāga-vimutta]]). | |
| − | + | (5) He who is filled with [[wisdom]] and, in considering the [[formations]] as {{Wiki|not-self}} ([[anattā]]), gains the [[faculty of wisdom]], he is at the [[moment]] of [[Stream-winning]] a [[Dhamma-devotee]] ([[dhammānusārī]]), | |
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| − | + | (6) at the later stages (A. 2-7) a [[vision-attainer]] ([[diṭṭhippatta]]), | |
| + | (7) at the [[highest]] stage (A. | ||
| + | 8) a [[wisdom-liberated]] one ([[paññāvimutta]])." - | ||
| + | Further details about the [[body-witness]], the [[both-ways-liberated]] one and the [[wisdom-liberated]] one, s. under the three [[Pāḷi]] terms. Cf. also M. 70; A. IX, 44; S. XII, 70; Pts.M. II, p. 33, PTS. | ||
| + | </poem> | ||
| + | [[ariya-sacca]]: The Four '[[Noble Truths]]'; s. [[sacca]]. | ||
{{R}} | {{R}} | ||
[http://www.palikanon.com/english/wtb/a/ariya_puggala.htm palikanon.com] | [http://www.palikanon.com/english/wtb/a/ariya_puggala.htm palikanon.com] | ||
[[Category:Enlightenment]] | [[Category:Enlightenment]] | ||
| − | + | {{PaliTerminology}} | |
[[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | [[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:12, 15 February 2024
Or simply Ariya
'Noble Ones', 'Noble persons'.
(A) The 8 a. are those who have realized one of the 8 stages of holiness,
i.e. the 4 supermundane paths (Magga) and the 4 supermundane fruitions (phala) of these paths.
There are 4 pairs:
- 1. The one realizing the path of Stream-winning (sotāpattimagga).
- 2. The one realizing the fruition of Stream-winning (sotāpattiphala).
- 3. The one realizing the path of Once-return (sakadāgāmimagga).
- 4. The one realizing the fruition of Once-return (sakadāgāmiphala).
- 5. The one realizing the path of Non-return (anāgāmimagga).
- 6. The one realizing the fruition of Non-return (anāgāmiphala).
- 7. The one realizing the path of Holiness (arahatta-Magga).
- 8. The one realizing the fruition of Holiness (arahatta-phala).
Summed up, there are 4 Noble individuals (Ariya-puggala):
- the Stream-winner (Sotāpanna),
- the Once-Returner (Sakadāgāmi),
- the Non-returner (Anāgāmī),
- the Holy One (Arahat).
In A.VIII.10 and A.IX.16 the gotrabhū is listed as the 9th Noble individual.
According to the Abhidhamma, 'supermundane path', or simply 'path' (Magga), is a designation of the moment of entering into one of the 4 stages of holiness - Nibbāna being the object - produced by intuitional Insight (vipassanā) into the Impermanence, misery and impersonality of existence, flashing forth and forever transforming one's Life and nature. By 'fruition' (phala) is meant those moments of Consciousness which follow immediately thereafter as the result of the path, and which in certain circumstances may repeat for innumerable times during the Life-time.
- (I) Through the path of Stream-winning (sotāpatti-Magga) one 'becomes' free (whereas in realizing the fruition, one 'is' free) from the first 3 Fetters (Samyojana) which bind beings to existence in the sensuous sphere, to wit:
- (1) personality-belief (Sakkāya-ditthi; s. Ditthi),
- (2) skeptical Doubt (vicikicchā),
- (3) Attachment to mere rules and rituals (sīlabbata-parāmāsa; s. Upādāna).
- (II) Through the path of Once-return (sakadāgāmi-Magga) one becomes nearly free from the 4th and 5th Fetters, to wit:
- (III) Through the path of Non-return (Anāgāmi-Magga) one becomes fully free from the above-mentioned 5 lower Fetters.
- (IV) Through the path of Holiness (arahatta-Magga) one further becomes free from the 5 higher Fetters, to wit:
- (6) Craving for fine material existence (Rūpa-Rāga),
- (7) Craving for immaterial existence. (arūpa-Rāga),
- (8) conceit (Māna),
- (9) restlessness (Uddhacca),
- (10) Ignorance (avijjā).
The stereotype Sutta text runs as follows:
- (I) "After the disappearance of the three Fetters, the Monk has won the stream (to Nibbāna) and is no more subject to Rebirth in lower worlds, is firmly established, destined for full Enlightenment.
- (II) "After the disappearance of the three Fetters and reduction of Greed, hatred and Delusion, he will return only once more; and having once more returned to this World, he will put an end to Suffering.
- (III) "After the disappearance of the five Fetters he appears in a higher World, and there he reaches Nibbāna without ever returning from that World (to the sensuous sphere).
- (IV) "Through the extinction of all cankers (āsava-kkhaya) he reaches already in this very Life the deliverance of Mind, the deliverance through Wisdom, which is free from cankers, and which he himself has understood and realized."
For the various classes of Stream-winners and Non-Returner's, s. Sotāpanna, Anāgāmī.
(B) The sevenfold grouping of the Noble disciples is as follows:
- (1) the Faith-devotee (saddhānusārī),
- (2) the Faith-liberated one (saddhāvimutta),
- (3) the Body-witness (Kāya-sakkhī),
- (4) the both-ways-liberated one (ubhato-bhāga-vimutta),
- (5) the Dhamma-devotee (Dhammā nusārī),
- (6) the vision-attainer (ditthippatta),
- (7) the Wisdom-liberated one (paññā-vimutta).
This group of seven Noble disciples is thus explained in Vis.M. XXI, 73:
- (1) "He who is filled with resolution (Adhimokkha) and, in considering the formations as impermanent (Anicca), gains the faculty of Faith, he, at the moment of the path to Stream-winning (A.1) is called a Faith-devotee (saddhānusārī);
- (2) at the seven higher stages (A. 2-8) he is called a Faith-liberated one (saddhā-vimutta).
- (3) He who is filled with tranquility and, in considering the formations as miserable (Dukkha), gains the faculty of Concentration, he in every respect is considered as a Body-witness (Kāya-sakkhī).
- (4) He, however, who after reaching the absorptions of the immaterial sphere has attained the highest fruition (of Holiness), he is a both-ways-liberated one (ubhato-bhāga-vimutta).
- (5) He who is filled with Wisdom and, in considering the formations as not-self (anattā), gains the faculty of Wisdom, he is at the moment of Stream-winning a Dhamma-devotee (Dhammā nusārī),
- (6) at the later stages (A. 2-7) a vision-attainer (ditthippatta),
- (7) at the highest stage (A. 8) a Wisdom-liberated one (Paññā vimutta)."
Further details about the Body-witness, the both-ways-liberated one and the Wisdom-liberated one, s. under the three Pāli terms. Cf. also M. 70; A. IX, 44; S. XII, 70; Pts.M. II, p. 33, PTS.
For the various classes of Stream-winners and Non-Returners, s. Sotāpanna, Anāgāmī.
(B) The sevenfold grouping of the noble disciples is as follows:
(1) the faith-devotee (saddhānusārī),
(2) the faith-liberated one (saddhāvimutta),
(3) the body-witness (kāya-sakkhī),
(4) the both-ways-liberated one (ubhato-bhāga-vimutta),
(5) the Dhamma-devotee (dhammānusārī),
(6) the vision-attainer (diṭṭhippatta),
(7) the wisdom-liberated one (paññā-vimutta).
This group of seven noble disciples is thus explained in Vis.M. XXI, 73:
(1) "He who is filled with resolution (adhimokkha) and, in considering the formations as impermanent (anicca), gains the faculty of faith, he, at the moment of the path to Stream-winning
(A.1) is called a faith-devotee (saddhānusārī);
(2) at the seven higher stages (A. 2-8) he is called a faith-liberated one (saddhā-vimutta).
(3) He who is filled with tranquility and, in considering the formations as miserable (dukkha), gains the faculty of concentration, he in every respect is considered as a body-witness (kāya-sakkhī).
(4) He, however, who after reaching the absorptions of the immaterial sphere has attained the highest fruition (of Holiness), he is a both-ways-liberated one (ubhato-bhāga-vimutta).
(5) He who is filled with wisdom and, in considering the formations as not-self (anattā), gains the faculty of wisdom, he is at the moment of Stream-winning a Dhamma-devotee (dhammānusārī),
(6) at the later stages (A. 2-7) a vision-attainer (diṭṭhippatta),
(7) at the highest stage (A.
8) a wisdom-liberated one (paññāvimutta)." -
Further details about the body-witness, the both-ways-liberated one and the wisdom-liberated one, s. under the three Pāḷi terms. Cf. also M. 70; A. IX, 44; S. XII, 70; Pts.M. II, p. 33, PTS.
ariya-sacca: The Four 'Noble Truths'; s. sacca.
