Difference between revisions of "The perimeter beings of the Kālacakra maṇḍala"
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− | The [[Kālacakra Tantra]] commentary, the [[Vimalaprabhā]], tells us little about the perimeter [[beings]] of the [[maṇḍala]]. There are said to be 35,000,000 of them arranged around the palace, above the perimeter of [[wind]]. [[Abhayākaragupta]] gives some details in his Niṣpannayogāvalī, the companion text to the [[Vajrāvalī]], naming a few of them: | + | The [[Kālacakra Tantra]] commentary, the [[Vimalaprabhā]], tells us little about the perimeter [[beings]] of the [[maṇḍala]]. There are said to be 35,000,000 of them arranged around the palace, above the perimeter of [[wind]]. [[Abhayākaragupta]] gives some details in his [[Niṣpannayogāvalī]], the companion text to the [[Vajrāvalī]], naming a few of them: |
− | The | + | The {{Wiki|planets}} (such as {{Wiki|Venus}}, depicted in the {{Wiki|image}} right). |
− | [[Dhruva]] – the [[Pole Star]]. A [[king]] who defeated in battle large numbers of [[yakṣas]]; blessed by [[Kubera]] and elevated to a place [[higher]] than all the | + | [[Dhruva]] – the [[Pole Star]]. A [[king]] who defeated in {{Wiki|battle}} large numbers of [[yakṣas]]; blessed by [[Kubera]] and elevated to a place [[higher]] than all the {{Wiki|planets}}. |
− | [[Agastya]] ([[ri byi]]) – the star {{Wiki|Canopus}}, named after a ṛiṣi of the same [[name]] (The [[Tibetan]] [[ri byi]] is a transliteration of the [[Sanskrit]] [[word]] ṛiṣi). He had crossed the [[Vindhya]] mountains and seen the star for the first [[time]], around six to seven thousand years ago. The heliacal rising of {{Wiki|Canopus}} is said to indicate the end of the rainy season in {{Wiki|northern India}} and the [[purification]] of [[water]] supplies. A thousand years ago, the heliacal rising would have occured around 28 August. For seven days from the heliacal rising, [[water]] is said to possess eight special qualities: it is cool, [[sweet]], [[light]], soft, clear, [[pure]], and neither upsets the stomach nor irritates the [[throat]]. [[Varāhamihira]] says of the star that it "looks like the special red {{Wiki|tilaka}}-mark on the forehead of the lady-like southern [[direction]] [and] shines forth and delights the [[minds]] of men" ([[Pañcasiddhāntikā]]). | + | [[Agastya]] ([[ri byi]]) – the {{Wiki|star}} {{Wiki|Canopus}}, named after a ṛiṣi of the same [[name]] (The [[Tibetan]] [[ri byi]] is a transliteration of the [[Sanskrit]] [[word]] ṛiṣi). He had crossed the [[Vindhya]] [[mountains]] and seen the {{Wiki|star}} for the first [[time]], around six to seven thousand years ago. The heliacal rising of {{Wiki|Canopus}} is said to indicate the end of the [[rainy season]] in {{Wiki|northern India}} and the [[purification]] of [[water]] supplies. A thousand years ago, the heliacal rising would have occured around 28 August. For seven days from the heliacal rising, [[water]] is said to possess eight special qualities: it is cool, [[sweet]], [[light]], soft, clear, [[pure]], and neither upsets the {{Wiki|stomach}} nor irritates the [[throat]]. [[Varāhamihira]] says of the {{Wiki|star}} that it "looks like the special red {{Wiki|tilaka}}-mark on the {{Wiki|forehead}} of the lady-like southern [[direction]] [and] shines forth and delights the [[minds]] of men" ([[Pañcasiddhāntikā]]). |
− | The 28 [[lunar mansions]] – the division of the ecliptic into 27 or 28 parts, similar to: | + | The 28 [[lunar mansions]] – the [[division]] of the {{Wiki|ecliptic}} into 27 or 28 parts, similar to: |
− | The 12 signs of the | + | The 12 [[signs]] of the {{Wiki|zodiac}} – the familar [[signs]] of the {{Wiki|zodiac}}, [[Aries]], etc. |
The 16 {{Wiki|lunar phases}} – the sixteen phases from [[new Moon]] up to [[full Moon]]. See also the [[The Fifteen Nityas|Fifteen Nityas]]. | The 16 {{Wiki|lunar phases}} – the sixteen phases from [[new Moon]] up to [[full Moon]]. See also the [[The Fifteen Nityas|Fifteen Nityas]]. | ||
− | The worldy [[protectors]] of the 10 [[directions] – the list as given in the third chapter of the [[Vimalaprabhā]] is: [[Brahma]] ([[tshangs pa]]), {{Wiki|Viṣṇu}} ([[khyab 'jug]]), [[Nairṛiti]] ([[bden bra]]l), [[Vāyu]] ([[rlung lha]]), [[Yama]] ([[gshin rje]]), [[Agni]] ([[me lha]]), [[Samudra]] ([[rgya mtsho]]), [[Śaṅkara]] ([[bde byed]]), [[Indra]] ([[dbang po]]) and [[Yakṣa]] ([[gnod sbyin]]). | + | The [[worldy]] [[protectors]] of the 10 [[directions] – the list as given in the third chapter of the [[Vimalaprabhā]] is: [[Brahma]] ([[tshangs pa]]), {{Wiki|Viṣṇu}} ([[khyab 'jug]]), [[Nairṛiti]] ([[bden bra]]l), [[Vāyu]] ([[rlung lha]]), [[Yama]] ([[gshin rje]]), [[Agni]] ([[me lha]]), [[Samudra]] ([[rgya mtsho]]), [[Śaṅkara]] ([[bde byed]]), [[Indra]] ([[dbang po]]) and [[Yakṣa]] ([[gnod sbyin]]). |
− | [[Nandi]] ( | + | [[Nandi]] (dga) – the [[bull]] that is the mount, companion and guardian of [[Śiva]]. Also considered to be a [[sage]] and [[teacher]] in his own right. |
− | [[Mahākāla]] ([[nag po chen po]]) – the black protector. | + | [[Mahākāla]] ([[nag po chen po]]) – the black [[protector]]. |
− | [[Ghaṇṭākarṇa]] ([[dril bu'i rna ba can]]) – "bell-ears", a terrible [[rākṣasa]] created by [[Śiva]]. He was at first an enemy of {{Wiki|Viṣṇu}} and wore [[bells]] on his {{Wiki|ears}} so that he would not even hear Viṣṇu's [[name]]. Eventually achieved {{Wiki|salvation}} through performing austerities ([[tapas]], [[dka' thub]]) and became a devotee of {{Wiki|Viṣṇu}}. | + | [[Ghaṇṭākarṇa]] ([[dril bu'i rna ba can]]) – "bell-ears", a terrible [[rākṣasa]] created by [[Śiva]]. He was at first an enemy of {{Wiki|Viṣṇu}} and wore [[bells]] on his {{Wiki|ears}} so that he would not even hear Viṣṇu's [[name]]. Eventually achieved {{Wiki|salvation}} through performing austerities ([[tapas]], [[dka' thub]]) and became a [[devotee]] of {{Wiki|Viṣṇu}}. |
− | [[Hāriti]] ('[[phrog ma]]) – there are many variations on the story of [[Hāriti]]. According to the main [[Buddhist]] legend, she lived at the [[time]] of the [[Buddha]] with her 500 children. However, in [[order]] to feed her children, she would steal the children of others as [[food]]. Distraught [[parents]] seek the [[Buddha's]] help, and he has one of [[Hāriti's]] children kidnapped. In a terrible state at the loss of her child, she turns to the [[Buddha]] for help. He returns her child, explaining to her the [[suffering]] she has [[caused]] to others. She repents, converts to [[Buddhism]] and became the protectoress of children. She is also sometimes associated with protection from smallpox. | + | [[Hāriti]] ('[[phrog ma]]) – there are many variations on the story of [[Hāriti]]. According to the main [[Buddhist]] legend, she lived at the [[time]] of the [[Buddha]] with her 500 children. However, in [[order]] to feed her children, she would steal the children of others as [[food]]. Distraught [[parents]] seek the [[Buddha's]] help, and he has one of [[Hāriti's]] children kidnapped. In a terrible state at the loss of her child, she turns to the [[Buddha]] for help. He returns her child, explaining to her the [[suffering]] she has [[caused]] to others. She repents, converts to [[Buddhism]] and became the protectoress of children. She is also sometimes associated with [[protection]] from {{Wiki|smallpox}}. |
− | [[Bhṛiṅg]] ([[nyam chung]]) – a devotee of [[Śiva]]. who was cursed by {{Wiki|Śiva's}} [[consort]], {{Wiki|Pārvatī}}, after he upset her. As a result, his legs became too weak to support him. In [[order]] to help him, [[Śiva]] gave him a third leg and he came to be known as the [[Mahāṛiṣi]] with three legs. | + | [[Bhṛiṅg]] ([[nyam chung]]) – a [[devotee]] of [[Śiva]]. who was cursed by {{Wiki|Śiva's}} [[consort]], {{Wiki|Pārvatī}}, after he upset her. As a result, his {{Wiki|legs}} became too weak to support him. In [[order]] to help him, [[Śiva]] gave him a third leg and he came to be known as the [[Mahāṛiṣi]] with three {{Wiki|legs}}. |
Large numbers of: | Large numbers of: | ||
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: [[field protectors]] ([[zhing skyong]], [[kṣetrapāla]]) – originally [[protectors]] of agricultural fields, but later of land in general. | : [[field protectors]] ([[zhing skyong]], [[kṣetrapāla]]) – originally [[protectors]] of agricultural fields, but later of land in general. | ||
− | : [[messengers]] (p[[ho nya]], dūtī) – more than just messengers, also servants and functionaries of the gods. | + | : [[messengers]] (p[[ho nya]], [[dūtī]]) – more than just messengers, also servants and functionaries of the [[gods]]. |
: and [[siddhas]] ([[grub pa]]) – [[human practitioners]]. | : and [[siddhas]] ([[grub pa]]) – [[human practitioners]]. | ||
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In the [[Jonang]] [[tradition]], these are considered to be so numerous that they are not usually represented in the [[maṇḍala]] in any specified [[form]]. However, they can be represented, and if this is done, they are placed in the outer half of the perimeter of [[wind]] – the inner half is taken up by the [[charnel grounds]]. Out of the total of 35 million [[beings]], one would place as many as appropriate, choosing them from the normal lists, such as given below, and giving them various [[forms]], colours and hand-emblems. | In the [[Jonang]] [[tradition]], these are considered to be so numerous that they are not usually represented in the [[maṇḍala]] in any specified [[form]]. However, they can be represented, and if this is done, they are placed in the outer half of the perimeter of [[wind]] – the inner half is taken up by the [[charnel grounds]]. Out of the total of 35 million [[beings]], one would place as many as appropriate, choosing them from the normal lists, such as given below, and giving them various [[forms]], colours and hand-emblems. | ||
− | However, there are two [[traditions]] in which a specific number of these [[beings]] are represented, with, in the usual case, three of them representing a collection of beings. | + | However, there are two [[traditions]] in which a specific number of these [[beings]] are represented, with, in the usual case, three of them representing a collection of [[beings]]. |
===[[Gelug]] and [[Sakya]] [[traditions]]=== | ===[[Gelug]] and [[Sakya]] [[traditions]]=== | ||
− | The main [[tradition]] of this is used in the [[Gelug]] and [[Sakya]] schools, and originally comes from | + | The main [[tradition]] of this is used in the [[Gelug]] and [[Sakya]] schools, and originally comes from Buton, given in his work dpal dus kyi 'khor lo'i phyi'i [[khor yug]] gi lha '[[god]] tshul. This includes eighty-eight [[deities]] represented around the border between the [[fire]] and [[wind]] perimeters, eleven between each of the wheels of the [[pracaṇḍā]] [[goddesses]]. These are normally represented by their [[seeds]], although many [[maṇḍalas]] in which these [[deities]] are depicted also show their [[forms]]. When the [[seeds]] are drawn, this is nearly always done in old [[Rañjana]] (decorative/ornamental) script, as in the images given below. (These are taken from a [[maṇḍala]] painted under the [[direction]] of Ven. [[Jhado]] [[Rinpoche]]. Image [[courtesy]] of Ricky Swaczy, Northern [[Shambhala]], {{Wiki|Italy}}) |
− | The following list is based on the original work by | + | The following list is based on the original work by Buton, the [[Kālacakra]] [[sādhana]] by [[Kalzang Gyatso]], the [[7th Dalai Lama]] ([[bcom ldan 'das]] dpal dus kyi 'khor lo'i [[sku gsung thugs]] yongs su [[rdzogs]] pa'i [[dkyil 'khor]] gyi [[sgrub thabs]] [[mkhas grub]] zhal [[lung]]), a text on the arrangement of [[deities]] in the [[maṇḍala]] by [[Thubten Gyatso]], the [[13th Dalai Lama]] ([[bcom ldan 'das]] [[dang]] po'i [[sangs rgyas]] dpal dus kyi 'khor lo'i [[sku gsung thugs]] yongs su [[rdzogs]] pa'i rdul tshon gyi [[dkyil 'khor]] 'dri skabs lha [[tshogs]] [[rnams]] '[[god]] tshul gsal bar [[bkod pa]] '[[khri shing]] yongs 'du'i dga, and also a [[Sakya]] text by [[Jamyang Loter Wangpo]] (dpal dus kyi 'khor lo'i [[dkyil 'khor gyi cho ga]] spangs [[rtogs]] kyi [[yon tan]] [[kun nas]] 'byung ba). There are many minor variations between these texts (and painted [[maṇḍalas]]), and the majority of the [[seeds]] are intended to be the initial letters of the [[Sanskrit]] names of the [[deities]] concerned (although nearly all of the names are only given in [[Tibetan]]). Most of the inconsistencies in these texts in this [[respect]] have been resolved, although a couple still remain. In this list, and the one further down used in the [[Karma-Kagyu]] [[tradition]], question marks indicate lingering uncertainties. The [[lunar mansions]] are indicated by LM. The list starts from the {{Wiki|east}}, and continues {{Wiki|clockwise}}: |
Between {{Wiki|east}} and south-east: | Between {{Wiki|east}} and south-east: | ||
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{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1.|| | + | |1.|| iṃ|| yellow||{{Wiki|Indra}} ([[dbang po]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2.|| [[caṃ]]|| black|| [[Candra]], | + | |2.|| [[caṃ]]|| black|| [[Candra]], {{Wiki|Moon}} ([[zla ba]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3.|| [[reṃ]]|| light yellow || [[Revatī]] (LM) ([[nam gru]]) | + | |3.|| [[reṃ]]|| [[light]] yellow || [[Revatī]] (LM) ([[nam gru]]) |
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |} | ||
− | Between south-east and south: | + | Between south-east and [[south]]: |
[[File:Perim02.jpg|frameless|left|250px|]] | [[File:Perim02.jpg|frameless|left|250px|]] | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1.|| aṃ|| green|| Sixth lunar day (tshes drug) | + | |1.|| [[aṃ]]|| green|| Sixth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes drug]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2.|| e|| black ||Seventh lunar day (tshes bdun) | + | |2.|| e|| black ||Seventh {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bdun]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3.|| ar|| red|| Eighth lunar day (tshes brgyad) | + | |3.|| ar|| red|| Eighth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes brgyad]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4.|| o|| white|| Ninth lunar day (tshes dgu) | + | |4.|| o|| white|| Ninth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes dgu]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5.|| al|| yellow ||Tenth lunar day (tshes bcu) | + | |5.|| al|| yellow ||Tenth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bcu]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6.|| dhaṃ || black ? ||Dhaniṣṭhā (LM) (mon gre) | + | |6.|| dhaṃ || black ? ||[[Dhaniṣṭhā]] (LM) ([[mon gre]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7.|| aṃ|| light blue|| Abhijit (LM) (byi bzhin) | + | |7.|| [[aṃ]]|| [[light blue]]|| [[Abhijit]] (LM) ([[byi bzhin]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8.|| śraṃ|| light yellow || Śravaṇa (LM) (gro bzhin) | + | |8.|| śraṃ|| [[light]] yellow || [[Śravaṇa]] (LM) ([[gro bzhin]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9.|| maṃ|| green|| Makara, [[Capricorn]] (chu srin) | + | |9.|| maṃ|| green|| [[Wikipedia:Makara (Hindu mythology)|Makara]], [[Capricorn]] ([[chu srin]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10.|| kṣeṃ|| green|| Kṣetrapāla (zhing skyong) | + | |10.|| kṣeṃ|| green|| [[Kṣetrapāla]] ([[zhing skyong]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11.|| aṃ|| blue|| Agastya, Canopus (ri byi) | + | |11.|| [[aṃ]]|| blue|| [[Agastya]], {{Wiki|Canopus}} ([[ri byi]]) |
|} | |} | ||
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{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1.|| yaṃ|| red|| Yama (gshin rje) | + | |1.|| yaṃ|| red|| [[Yama]] ([[gshin rje]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2.|| buṃ|| red|| Budha, {{Wiki|Mercury}} (lhag pa) | + | |2.|| buṃ|| red|| [[Budha]], {{Wiki|Mercury}} ([[lhag pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3.|| uṃ|| white|| Uttarāṣāḍhā (LM) (chu smad) | + | |3.|| [[uṃ]]|| white|| [[Uttarāṣāḍhā]] (LM) ([[chu smad]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4.|| pūṃ|| black|| Pūrvāṣāḍhā (LM) (chu stod) | + | |4.|| [[pūṃ]]|| black|| [[Pūrvāṣāḍhā]] (LM) ([[chu stod]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5.|| mūṃ|| yellow|| Mūla (LM) (snrubs) | + | |5.|| mūṃ|| yellow|| [[Mūla]] (LM) ([[snrubs]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6.|| dham ||green|| Dhanu, Sagittarius (gzhu) | + | |6.|| [[dham]] ||green|| Dhanu, [[Sagittarius]] ([[gzhu]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7.|| hāṃ|| yellow || Hārītī ('phrog ma) | + | |7.|| hāṃ|| yellow || Hārītī ('[[phrog ma]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8.|| maṃ|| red|| Maṅgala, {{Wiki|Mars}} (mig dmar) | + | |8.|| maṃ|| red|| [[Maṅgala]], {{Wiki|Mars}} ([[mig dmar]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9.|| naiṃ|| black|| Nairṛiti (bden bral) | + | |9.|| naiṃ|| black|| [[Nairṛiti]] (bden bral) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10. || jyeṃ|| yellow ||Jyeṣṭha (LM) (snron) | + | |10. || jyeṃ|| yellow ||[[Jyeṣṭha]] (LM) ([[snron]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11.|| bṛiṃ|| black ||Bṛiścaka, Scorpio (sdig pa) | + | |11.|| bṛiṃ|| black ||Bṛiścaka, [[Scorpio]] ([[sdig pa]]) |
|} | |} | ||
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{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1.|| aṃ|| green|| Anurādhā (LM) (lha mtshams) | + | |1.|| [[aṃ]]|| green|| Anurādhā (LM) (lha mtshams) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2.|| aṃ|| blue|| Sixteenth phase (cha bcu drug pa) | + | |2.|| [[aṃ]]|| blue|| Sixteenth phase (cha bcu [[drug pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3.|| naṃ|| black|| Nandi, Nandikeśvara ([[ | + | |3.|| naṃ|| black|| [[Nandi]], Nandikeśvara (dgaa ([[nag po chen po]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5.|| ghaṃ|| black|| Ghaṇṭākarṇa (dril bu'i rna ba can) | + | |5.|| ghaṃ|| black|| [[Ghaṇṭākarṇa]] ([[dril bu'i rna ba can]]) |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |7.|| biṃ|| black|| Viśākhā (LM) (sa ga) | + | |7.|| biṃ|| black|| {{Wiki|Viśākhā}} (LM) ([[sa ga]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8.|| śvāṃ|| yellow || Svātī (LM) (sa ri) | + | |8.|| śvāṃ|| yellow || [[Svātī]] (LM) ([[sa ri]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9.|| tuṃ|| red|| Tulā, Libra (srang) | + | |9.|| tuṃ|| red|| [[Tulā]], [[Libra]] ([[srang]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10. || piṃ|| blue|| Viṣṇu (khyab 'jug) | + | |10. || piṃ|| blue|| [[Viṣṇu]] ([[khyab 'jug]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11.|| kāṃ|| blue|| Kālāgni (dus me) | + | |11.|| kāṃ|| blue|| [[Kālāgni]] (dus me) |
|} | |} | ||
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{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1.|| vaṃ|| white|| Varuṇa (chu lha) | + | |1.|| [[vaṃ]]|| white|| {{Wiki|Varuṇa]] (chu lha) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2.|| keṃ|| yellow|| Ketu, comet (du ba mjug ring) | + | |2.|| keṃ|| yellow|| [[Ketu]], comet ([[du ba mjug ring]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3.|| siṃ|| black|| Siddha (grub pa) | + | |3.|| siṃ|| black|| [[Siddha]] (grub pa) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4.|| ciṃ|| green|| Citrā (LM) (nag pa) | + | |4.|| ciṃ|| green|| [[Citrā]] (LM) ([[nag pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5.|| haṃ || white|| Hastā (LM) (me bzhi) | + | |5.|| haṃ || white|| [[Hastā]] (LM) (me bzhi) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6.|| uṃ|| green|| Uttaraphalgunī (LM) (dbo) | + | |6.|| uṃ|| green|| Uttaraphalgunī (LM) ([[dbo]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7.|| kaṃ|| white|| Kanyā, Virgo (bu mo) | + | |7.|| kaṃ|| white|| [[Kanyā]], [[Virgo]] ([[bu mo]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8.|| vāṃ|| black|| Vāyu ([[rlung]] | + | |8.|| vāṃ|| black|| [[Vāyu]] ([[rlung lha]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9.|| śaṃ|| yellow|| Śani, {{Wiki|Saturn}} (spen pa) | + | |9.|| śaṃ|| yellow|| [[Śani]], {{Wiki|Saturn}} ([[spen pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10. || pūṃ|| yellow-green|| Pūrvaphalgunī (LM) (bre) | + | |10. || [[pūṃ]]|| yellow-green|| [[Pūrvaphalgunī]] (LM) ([[bre]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11.|| siṃ|| golden-yellow || Siṃha, Leo (seng ge) | + | |11.|| siṃ|| golden-yellow || [[Siṃha]], Leo ([[seng ge]]) |
|} | |} | ||
− | Between north-west and north: | + | Between north-west and [[north]]: |
[[File:Perim06.jpg|frameless|left|250px|]] | [[File:Perim06.jpg|frameless|left|250px|]] | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1.|| maṃ|| yellow|| Maghā (LM) (mchu) | + | |1.|| maṃ|| yellow|| [[Maghā]] (LM) ([[mchu]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2.|| ha|| green|| Eleventh lunar day (tshes bcu gcig) | + | |2.|| ha|| green|| Eleventh {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bcu gcig]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3.|| ya|| black|| Twelfth lunar day (tshes bcu gnyis) | + | |3.|| ya|| black|| Twelfth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bcu gnyis]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4.|| ra|| red|| Thirteenth lunar day (tshes bcu gsum) | + | |4.|| ra|| red|| Thirteenth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bcu gsum]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5.|| va|| white|| Fourteenth lunar day (tshes bcu bzhi) | + | |5.|| va|| white|| Fourteenth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bcu bzhi]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6.|| la|| yellow|| Fifteenth lunar day (tshes bco lnga) | + | |6.|| la|| yellow|| Fifteenth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bco lnga]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7.|| dhruṃ || green|| Dhruva, Pole star (brtan pa) | + | |7.|| dhruṃ || green|| {{Wiki|Dhruva}}, {{Wiki|Pole star}} ([[brtan pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8.|| aṃ|| white|| Aśleṣā (LM) (skag) | + | |8.|| [[aṃ]]|| white|| #REDIRECT[[Aśleṣā]] (LM) ([[skag]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9.|| puṃ|| | + | |9.|| puṃ|| [[light blue]] || {{Wiki|Puṣya}} (LM) ([[rgyal]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10. || kaṃ|| blue|| Karkaṭa, Cancer (karka ṭa) | + | |10. || kaṃ|| blue|| [[Wikipedia:Karkata (astrology)|Karkaṭa]], {{Wiki|Cancer}} ([[karka ṭa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11.|| yaṃ|| yellow ||Yakṣa (gnod sbyin) | + | |11.|| yaṃ|| yellow ||[[Yakṣa]] ([[gnod sbyin]]) |
|} | |} | ||
Line 271: | Line 271: | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1.|| śuṃ|| white|| Śukra, {{Wiki|Venus}} (pa sangs) | + | |1.|| śuṃ|| white|| {{Wiki|Śukra}}, {{Wiki|Venus}} ([[pa sangs]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2.|| puṃ|| yellow|| Punarvasu (LM) (nabs so) | + | |2.|| puṃ|| yellow|| {{Wiki|Punarvasu}} (LM) ([[nabs so]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3.|| āṃ|| yellow|| Ārdrā (LM) (lag) | + | |3.|| āṃ|| yellow|| [[Wikipedia:Ardra (nakshatra)|Ārdrā]] (LM) (lag) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4.|| miṃ|| blue|| Mithuna, Gemini ('khrig pa) | + | |4.|| miṃ|| blue|| [[Wikipedia:Mithuna (astrology)|Mithuna]], [[Gemini]] ('khrig pa) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5.|| bṛiṃ|| white|| Bṛihaspati, {{Wiki|Jupiter}} (phur pa) | + | |5.|| bṛiṃ|| white|| [[Bṛihaspati]], {{Wiki|Jupiter}} ([[phur pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6.|| iṃ ||white|| Rudra (drag po) | + | |6.|| iṃ ||white|| {{Wiki|Rudra}} ([[drag po]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7.|| mṛiṃ|| black|| Mṛigaśiras (LM) (mgo) | + | |7.|| mṛiṃ|| black|| Mṛigaśiras (LM) ([[mgo]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8.|| roṃ|| light red || Rohiṇī (LM) (snar ma) | + | |8.|| roṃ|| [[light]] red || [[Wikipedia:Rohini Devi|Rohiṇī]] (LM) ([[snar ma]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9.|| bṛiṃ|| yellow|| Vṛiṣa, Taurus (glang) | + | |9.|| bṛiṃ|| yellow|| Vṛiṣa, [[Taurus]] ([[glang]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10. || bhūṃ || green|| Bhūta ('byung po pho) | + | |10. || bhūṃ || green|| [[Bhūta]] ('[[byung po]] pho) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11.|| bhūṃ|| green|| Bhūtā ('byung po mo) | + | |11.|| bhūṃ|| green|| [[Bhūtā]] ('[[byung po]] mo) |
|} | |} | ||
Line 309: | Line 309: | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1.|| a|| green|| First lunar day (tshes gcig) | + | |1.|| a|| green|| First {{Wiki|lunar}} day (tshes gcig) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2.|| i|| black|| Second lunar day (tshes gnyis) | + | |2.|| i|| black|| Second {{Wiki|lunar}} day (tshes [[gnyis]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3.|| ṛi|| red|| Third lunar day (tshes gsum) | + | |3.|| ṛi|| red|| Third {{Wiki|lunar}} day (tshes [[gsum]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4.|| u|| white|| Fourth lunar day (tshes bzhi) | + | |4.|| u|| white|| Fourth {{Wiki|lunar}} day (tshes bzhi) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5.|| ḷi|| yellow|| Fifth lunar day (tshes lnga) | + | |5.|| ḷi|| yellow|| Fifth {{Wiki|lunar}} day (tshes [[lnga]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6.|| kṛiṃ|| light blue|| Kṛittikā (LM) (smin drug) | + | |6.|| kṛiṃ|| [[light blue]]|| [[Kṛittikā]] (LM) ([[smin drug]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7.|| bhaṃ || green, yellow-green? || Bharaṇī (LM) (bra nye) | + | |7.|| bhaṃ || green, yellow-green? || [[Bharaṇī]] (LM) ([[bra nye]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8.|| aṃ|| white|| Aśvinī (LM) (tha skar) | + | |8.|| [[aṃ]]|| white|| [[Aśvinī]] (LM) ([[tha skar]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9.|| meṃ ||white ||Meṣa, Aries (lug) | + | |9.|| meṃ ||white ||Meṣa, [[Aries]] (lug) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10. || rāṃ|| green|| Rāhu (sgra gcan) | + | |10. || rāṃ|| green|| [[Rāhu]] ([[sgra]] gcan) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11.|| braṃ|| green|| Brahma (tshangs pa) | + | |11.|| braṃ|| green|| [[Brahma]] ([[tshangs pa]]) |
|} | |} | ||
− | Buton explains much of his {{Wiki|reasoning}} behind this arrangement. The | + | Buton explains much of his {{Wiki|reasoning}} behind this arrangement. The {{Wiki|planets}} are arranged in [[directions]] similar to those in which they are located in the [[Kālacakra]] [[protective]] [[sphere]] [[meditation]]. (They also closely match the positions they are given in the [[Vajrāvalī]].) The [[signs]] of the {{Wiki|zodiac}} and the [[lunar mansions]] are placed around the perimeter in positions [[relative]] to their positions around the {{Wiki|ecliptic}}, with the beginning of the {{Wiki|ecliptic}} positioned in the {{Wiki|east}}. This means that the first sign from the {{Wiki|east}} in an anti-clockwise [[direction]] is [[Aries]], the next [[Taurus]], and so on. The [[lunar mansions]] are arranged similarly. |
− | He places the sixteen {{Wiki|lunar phases}} in groups according to their classifications: the first group of five associated with [[tamas]] are placed towards the {{Wiki|east}}, the second group associated with [[rajas]] in the {{Wiki|south}}, and the third group associated with [[sattva]] in the {{Wiki|north}}. The sixteenth is in the {{Wiki|west}}. He states that he has placed the phases associated with the [[elements]] of [[space]] and [[awareness]] in positions that are compatible with the positions of similarly classified [[deities]] in the [[mind]] palacae. However, his comments do not quite match the actual placing of those [[deities]], and there seems to be at least one mistake in the current version of this little text. He also mentions that [[deities]] such as Viṣṇu are placed in positions similar to those they occupy in the [[body]] palace. | + | He places the sixteen {{Wiki|lunar phases}} in groups according to their classifications: the first group of five associated with [[tamas]] are placed towards the {{Wiki|east}}, the second group associated with [[rajas]] in the {{Wiki|south}}, and the third group associated with [[sattva]] in the {{Wiki|north}}. The sixteenth is in the {{Wiki|west}}. He states that he has placed the phases associated with the [[elements]] of [[space]] and [[awareness]] in positions that are compatible with the positions of similarly classified [[deities]] in the [[mind]] palacae. However, his comments do not quite match the actual placing of those [[deities]], and there seems to be at least one mistake in the current version of this little text. He also mentions that [[deities]] such as [[Viṣṇu]] are placed in positions similar to those they occupy in the [[body]] palace. |
− | ===Karma [[Kagyu]] tradition=== | + | ===[[Karma]] [[Kagyu]] [[tradition]]=== |
− | The placing of the [[deities]] in the other main [[tradition]] is not explained in this way. This [[tradition]] is the one coming from the translator Tsami, passing through the [[Karma Kagyu]] school. In this method, instead of 88 [[deities]] around the perimeter, there are 112, 14 between each of the wheels of pracaṇḍā [[goddesses]] in the charnel grounds. | + | The placing of the [[deities]] in the other main [[tradition]] is not explained in this way. This [[tradition]] is the one coming from the [[translator]] Tsami, passing through the [[Karma Kagyu]] school. In this method, instead of 88 [[deities]] around the perimeter, there are 112, 14 between each of the wheels of [[pracaṇḍā]] [[goddesses]] in the [[charnel grounds]]. |
− | A somewhat similar [[logic]] has been applied to the placing of these [[deities]] as with Buton's method. The | + | A somewhat similar [[logic]] has been applied to the placing of these [[deities]] as with [[Buton's]] method. The {{Wiki|planets}} are certainly arranged similarly, but the {{Wiki|zodiac}} [[signs]] and [[lunar mansions]] are placed more according to their categorization as [[deities]], and placed in the appropriate [[directions]]. |
Line 358: | Line 358: | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1:|| kṣeṃ|| black|| Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) | + | |1:|| kṣeṃ|| black|| [[Kṣetrapāla]], Land-protector ([[zhing skyong]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2:|| puṃ|| yellow || Punarvasu (LM) (nabs so) | + | |2:|| puṃ|| yellow || {{Wiki|Punarvasu}} (LM) ([[nabs so]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3:|| khaṃ || black|| khadga, sword [[realization]], (ral gri grub pa) | + | |3:|| khaṃ || black|| [[khadga]], sword [[realization]], ([[ral gri]] [[grub pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4:|| bṛiṃ|| black|| Bṛiścaka, Scorpio (sdig pa'i khyim) | + | |4:|| bṛiṃ|| black|| Bṛiścaka, [[Scorpio]] ([[sdig]] pa'i [[khyim]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5:|| e|| black|| Seventh lunar day (tshes bdun) | + | |5:|| e|| black|| Seventh {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bdun]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6:|| uṃ|| green|| Uttaraphalgunī (LM) (dbo) | + | |6:|| [[uṃ]]|| green|| [[Uttaraphalgunī]] (LM) (dbo) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7:|| haṃ|| white|| Hastā (LM) (me bzhi) | + | |7:|| haṃ|| white|| [[Hastā]] (LM) (me bzhi) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8:|| sūṃ|| black|| Sūrya, {{Wiki|Sun}} (nyi ma) | + | |8:|| [[sūṃ]]|| black|| [[Sūrya]], {{Wiki|Sun}} ([[nyi ma]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9:|| saṃ|| black|| Vāyukṛitsna, Totality of [[wind]] (zad par rlung) | + | |9:|| [[saṃ]]|| black|| Vāyukṛitsna, {{Wiki|Totality}} of [[wind]] (zad par [[rlung]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10: || ciṃ|| green|| Citrā (LM) (nag pa) | + | |10: || ciṃ|| green|| [[Citrā]] (LM) ([[nag pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11:|| ya|| black|| Twelfth lunar day (tshes bcu gnyis) | + | |11:|| ya|| black|| Twelfth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bcu gnyis]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12:|| śvāṃ|| orange|| Svātī (LM) (sa ri) | + | |12:|| śvāṃ|| orange|| [[Svātī]] (LM) ([[sa ri]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |13:|| aṃ|| black|| realization of inexhaustible [[treasure]] (gter grub pa) | + | |13:|| [[aṃ]]|| black|| [[realization]] of inexhaustible [[treasure]] ([[gter]] [[grub pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14:|| bāṃ|| black|| Vāyu ([[rlung]] lha) | + | |14:|| bāṃ|| black|| [[Vāyu]] ([[rlung]] lha) |
|} | |} | ||
− | Between south-east and south: | + | Between south-east and [[south]]: |
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1:|| kṣeṃ|| black|| Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) | + | |1:|| kṣeṃ|| black|| [[Kṣetrapāla]], Land-protector ([[zhing skyong]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2:|| naṃ|| black|| | + | |2:|| naṃ|| black|| [[Nandi]] (dgaa ([[nag po chen po]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4:|| a|| green|| Sixth lunar day (tshes drug) | + | |4:|| a|| green|| Sixth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes drug]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5:|| dhaṃ|| green|| Dhanu, Sagitarrius (gzhu khyim) | + | |5:|| dhaṃ|| green|| Dhanu, Sagitarrius ([[gzhu]] [[khyim]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6:|| dhruṃ ||green|| Dhruva, Polaris, Pole star (brtan pa) | + | |6:|| dhruṃ ||green|| [[Dhruva]], Polaris, {{Wiki|Pole star}} ([[brtan pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7:|| rāṃ|| green || Rāhu (sgra gcan) | + | |7:|| rāṃ|| green || [[Rāhu]] ([[sgra]] gcan) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8:|| ṛi|| red|| Third lunar day (tshes gsum) | + | |8:|| ṛi|| red|| Third {{Wiki|lunar}} day (tshes [[gsum]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9:|| kṛiṃ|| blue|| Kṛittikā (LM) (smin drug) | + | |9:|| kṛiṃ|| blue|| [[Kṛittikā]] (LM) ([[smin drug]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10: || puṃ|| blue|| Puṣya (LM) (rgyal) | + | |10: || puṃ|| blue|| {{Wiki|Puṣya}} (LM) (rgyal) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11:|| mīṃ|| red|| Mīna, Pisces (nya) | + | |11:|| [[mīṃ]]|| red|| [[Mīna]], [[Pisces]] ([[nya]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12:|| saṃ|| red|| Tejaḥkṛitsna, Totality of [[fire]] (zad par me) | + | |12:|| [[saṃ]]|| red|| Tejaḥkṛitsna, {{Wiki|Totality}} of [[fire]] (zad par me) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |13:|| yaṃ|| red|| Yama (gshin rje) | + | |13:|| yaṃ|| red|| [[Yama]] ([[gshin rje]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14:|| buṃ|| red|| Budha, {{Wiki|Mercury}} (lhag pa) | + | |14:|| buṃ|| red|| [[Budha]], {{Wiki|Mercury}} ([[lhag pa]]) |
|} | |} | ||
Line 451: | Line 451: | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1:|| kṣeṃ|| red|| Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) | + | |1:|| kṣeṃ|| red|| [[Kṣetrapāla]], Land-protector ([[zhing skyong]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2:|| maṃ|| yellow|| Maghā (LM) (mchu) | + | |2:|| maṃ|| yellow|| [[Maghā]] (LM) ([[mchu]]) |
|- | |- | ||
Line 460: | Line 460: | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |4:|| tuṃ|| red|| Tulā, Libra (srang khyim) | + | |4:|| tuṃ|| red|| [[Tulā]], [[Libra]] ([[srang]] [[khyim]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5:|| ar|| red|| Eighth lunar day (tshes brgyad) | + | |5:|| ar|| red|| Eighth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes brgyad]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6:|| pūṃ|| yellow-green || Pūrvaphalgunī (LM) (bre, gre) | + | |6:|| [[pūṃ]]|| yellow-green || [[Pūrvaphalgunī]] (LM) (bre, gre) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7:|| biṃ|| black|| Viśākhā (LM) (sa ga) | + | |7:|| biṃ|| black|| {{Wiki|Viśākhā}} (LM) ([[sa ga]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8:|| maṃ|| red|| Maṅgala, {{Wiki|Mars}} (mig dmar) | + | |8:|| maṃ|| red|| [[Maṅgala]], {{Wiki|Mars}} ([[mig dmar]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9:|| saṃ|| red|| Tejaḥkṛitsna, Totality of [[fire]] (zad par me) | + | |9:|| [[saṃ]]|| red|| Tejaḥkṛitsna, {{Wiki|Totality}} of [[fire]] (zad par me) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10: || pūṃ|| green|| Pūrvabhādrapāda (LM) (khrums stod) | + | |10: || [[pūṃ]]|| green|| [[Pūrvabhādrapāda]] (LM) ([[khrums stod]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11:|| ra|| red|| Thirteenth lunar day (tshes bcu gsum) | + | |11:|| ra|| red|| Thirteenth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bcu gsum]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12:|| bhaṃ || green|| Bharaṇī (LM) (bra nye) | + | |12:|| bhaṃ || green|| [[Bharaṇī]] (LM) ([[bra nye]]) |
|- | |- | ||
Line 490: | Line 490: | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |14:|| aṃ|| red|| Agni (me lha) | + | |14:|| [[aṃ]]|| red|| [[Agni]] ([[me lha]]) |
|} | |} | ||
− | Between south-west and west: | + | Between south-west and [[west]]: |
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1:|| kṣeṃ|| red|| Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) | + | |1:|| kṣeṃ|| red|| [[Kṣetrapāla]], Land-protector ([[zhing skyong]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2:|| ghaṃ|| black|| Ghaṇṭākarṇa (dril bu'i rna ba can) | + | |2:|| ghaṃ|| black|| [[Ghaṇṭākarṇa]] ([[dril bu'i rna ba can]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3:|| ḍāṃ || green ||Ḍākinī (mkha' 'gro) | + | |3:|| ḍāṃ || green ||[[Ḍākinī]] ([[mkha' 'gro]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4:|| ha|| green|| Eleventh lunar day (tshes bcu gcig) | + | |4:|| ha|| green|| Eleventh {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bcu gcig]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5:|| kaṃ|| blue|| Karkaṭa, Cancer (karkaṭa) | + | |5:|| kaṃ|| blue|| [[Karkaṭa]], {{Wiki|Cancer}} ([[karkaṭa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6:|| biṃ|| blue|| Viṣṇu (khyab 'jug) | + | |6:|| biṃ|| blue|| [[Viṣṇu]] ([[khyab 'jug]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7:|| saṃ|| blue|| Śūnyakṛitsna, Totality of [[emptiness]] (zad par stong pa) | + | |7:|| [[saṃ]]|| blue|| Śūnyakṛitsna, {{Wiki|Totality}} of [[emptiness]] (zad par [[stong pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8:|| ḷi|| yellow ||Fifth lunar day (tshes lnga) | + | |8:|| ḷi|| yellow ||Fifth {{Wiki|lunar}} day (tshes [[lnga]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9:|| āṃ|| yellow|| Ārdrā (LM) (lag) | + | |9:|| āṃ|| yellow|| [[Ārdrā]] (LM) (lag) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10: || aṃ|| white|| Aśleṣā (LM) (skag) | + | |10: || [[aṃ]]|| white|| [[Aśleṣā]] (LM) ([[skag]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11:|| bṛiṃ|| yellow || Vṛiṣa, Taurus (glang khyim) | + | |11:|| bṛiṃ|| yellow || Vṛiṣa, [[Taurus]] ([[glang]] [[khyim]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12:|| saṃ|| yellow|| Pṛithvīkṛitsna, Totality of [[earth]] (zad par sa) | + | |12:|| [[saṃ]]|| yellow|| Pṛithvīkṛitsna, {{Wiki|Totality}} of [[earth]] (zad par sa) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |13:|| iṃ|| yellow|| Indra (dbang po) | + | |13:|| iṃ|| yellow|| [[Indra]] ([[dbang po]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14:|| keṃ|| yellow|| Ketu, comet (du ba mjug rings) | + | |14:|| keṃ|| yellow|| [[Wikipedia:Ketu (mythology)|Ketu]], comet (du ba mjug rings) |
|} | |} | ||
Line 547: | Line 547: | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1:|| kṣeṃ || yellow Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) | + | |1:|| kṣeṃ || yellow [[Kṣetrapāla]], Land-protector ([[zhing skyong]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2:|| mūṃ|| yellow Mūla (LM) (snrubs) | + | |2:|| mūṃ|| yellow [[Mūla]] (LM) ([[snrubs]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3:|| aṃ|| yellow Eye-medicine [[realization]] (mig sman) | + | |3:|| [[aṃ]]|| yellow Eye-medicine [[realization]] (mig [[sman]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4:|| siṃ|| yellow Siṃha, Leo (seng ge'i khyim) | + | |4:|| siṃ|| yellow [[Siṃha]], Leo (seng ge'i [[khyim]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5:|| al|| yellow Tenth lunar day (tshes bcu) | + | |5:|| al|| yellow Tenth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bcu]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6:|| pūṃ|| black Pūrvāṣāḍhā (LM) (chu stod) | + | |6:|| [[pūṃ]]|| black [[Pūrvāṣāḍhā]] (LM) ([[chu stod]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7:|| śaṃ|| yellow Śatabhṛiṣā (LM) (mon gru) | + | |7:|| [[śaṃ]]|| yellow [[Śatabhṛiṣā]] (LM) ([[mon gru]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8:|| śaṃ|| yellow Śani, {{Wiki|Saturn}} (spen pa) | + | |8:|| [[śaṃ]]|| yellow [[Śani]], {{Wiki|Saturn}} ([[spen pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9:|| saṃ|| yellow Pṛithvīkṛitsna, Totality of [[Earth]] (zad par sa) | + | |9:|| [[saṃ]]|| yellow Pṛithvīkṛitsna, {{Wiki|Totality}} of [[Earth]] (zad par sa) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10: || uṃ|| yellow Uttarabhādrapāda (LM) (khrums smad) | + | |10: || [[uṃ]]|| yellow [[Uttarabhādrapāda]] (LM) ([[khrums smad]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11:|| la|| yellow Fifteenth lunar day (tshes bco lnga) | + | |11:|| la|| yellow Fifteenth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bco lnga]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12:|| reṃ|| light yellow Revatī (LM) (nam gru) | + | |12:|| [[reṃ]]|| [[light]] yellow [[Revatī]] (LM) ([[nam gru]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |13:|| guṃ|| yellow Pill [[realization]] (ril bu grub) | + | |13:|| guṃ|| yellow Pill [[realization]] ([[ril bu]] grub) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14:|| yaṃ|| yellow Yakṣa (gnod sbyin) | + | |14:|| yaṃ|| yellow [[Yakṣa]] ([[gnod sbyin]]) |
|} | |} | ||
− | Between north-west and north: | + | Between north-west and [[north]]: |
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1:|| kṣeṃ || yellow|| Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) | + | |1:|| kṣeṃ || yellow|| [[Kṣetrapāla]], Land-protector ([[zhing skyong]]) |
|- | |- | ||
Line 601: | Line 601: | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |3:|| hāṃ|| yellow|| Hārītī ('phrog ma) | + | |3:|| hāṃ|| yellow|| Hārītī ('[[phrog ma]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4:|| aṃ|| blue|| Sixteenth phase (tshes bcu drug) | + | |4:|| [[aṃ]]|| blue|| Sixteenth phase ([[tshes bcu]] {{Wiki|drug}}) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5:|| miṃ|| blue|| Mithuna, Gemini ('khrig pa) | + | |5:|| miṃ|| blue|| [[Mithuna]], [[Gemini]] ('khrig pa) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6:|| aṃ|| blue|| Agastya, Canopus (ri byi) | + | |6:|| [[aṃ]]|| blue|| [[Agastya]], {{Wiki|Canopus}} ([[ri byi]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7:|| kāṃ|| blue|| Kālāgni (dus me) | + | |7:|| kāṃ|| blue|| [[Kālāgni]] (dus me) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8:|| u|| white|| Fourth lunar day (tshes bzhi) | + | |8:|| u|| white|| Fourth {{Wiki|lunar}} day (tshes bzhi) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9:|| roṃ|| red|| Rohiṇī (LM) (snar ma) | + | |9:|| roṃ|| red|| [[Wikipedia:Rohini Devi|Rohiṇī]] (LM) ([[snar ma]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10: || aṃ|| green|| Anurādhā (LM) (lha mtshams) | + | |10: || [[aṃ]]|| green|| Anurādhā (LM) (lha mtshams) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11:|| meṃ|| white|| Meṣa, Aries (lug) | + | |11:|| meṃ|| white|| Meṣa, [[Aries]] (lug) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12:|| saṃ|| white|| Toyakṛitsna, Totality of [[water]] (zad par chu) | + | |12:|| [[saṃ]]|| white|| Toyakṛitsna, {{Wiki|Totality}} of [[water]] (zad par chu) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |13:|| saṃ|| white|| Samudra (= | + | |13:|| [[saṃ]]|| white|| [[Samudra]] (= {{Wiki|Varuṇa]]) (rgya mtsho) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14:|| śuṃ|| white|| Śukra, {{Wiki|Venus}} (pa sangs) | + | |14:|| śuṃ|| white|| Śukra, {{Wiki|Venus}} ([[pa sangs]]) |
|} | |} | ||
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{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1:|| kṣeṃ || white|| Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) | + | |1:|| kṣeṃ || white|| [[Kṣetrapāla]], Land-protector ([[zhing skyong]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2:|| jyeṃ|| yellow|| Jyaṣṭha (LM) (snron) | + | |2:|| jyeṃ|| yellow|| Jyaṣṭha (LM) ([[snron]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3:|| aṃ|| white|| Nectar [[realization]] ('bras grub) | + | |3:|| [[aṃ]]|| white|| [[Nectar]] [[realization]] ('bras grub) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4:|| kaṃ|| white|| Kanyā, Virgo (bu mo) | + | |4:|| kaṃ|| white|| [[Kanyā]], [[Virgo]] ([[bu mo]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5:|| o|| white|| Ninth lunar day (tshes dgu) | + | |5:|| o|| white|| Ninth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes dgu]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6:|| uṃ|| white|| Uttarāṣāḍhā (LM) (chu smad) | + | |6:|| [[uṃ]]|| white|| [[Uttarāṣāḍhā]] (LM) ([[chu smad]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7:|| aṃ|| blue|| Abhijit (LM) (byi bzhin) | + | |7:|| [[aṃ]]|| blue|| [[Abhijit]] (LM) ([[byi bzhin]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8:|| bṛiṃ|| white|| Bṛihaspati, {{Wiki|Jupiter}} (phur bu) | + | |8:|| bṛiṃ|| white|| [[Bṛihaspati]], {{Wiki|Jupiter}} ([[phur bu]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9:|| saṃ ||white|| Toyakṛitsna, Totality of [[water]] (zad par chu) | + | |9:|| [[saṃ]] ||white|| Toyakṛitsna, {{Wiki|Totality}} of [[water]] (zad par chu) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10: || śraṃ|| light yellow || Śravaṇa (LM) (gro bzhin) | + | |10: || śraṃ|| [[light]] yellow || [[Śravaṇa]] (LM) ([[gro bzhin]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11:|| va|| white|| Fourteenth lunar day (tshes bcu bzhi) | + | |11:|| va|| white|| Fourteenth {{Wiki|lunar}} day ([[tshes bcu bzhi]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12:|| dhaṃ|| black|| Dhaniṣṭhā (LM) (mon gre) | + | |12:|| dhaṃ|| black|| [[Dhaniṣṭhā]] (LM) ([[mon gre]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |13:|| raṃ|| white|| Alchemical [[realization]] (bcud len) | + | |13:|| raṃ|| white|| [[Alchemical]] [[realization]] ([[bcud len]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14:|| iṃ|| white|| Rudra (drag po, dbang phyug) | + | |14:|| iṃ|| white|| [[Rudra]] ([[drag po]], [[dbang]] phyug) |
|} | |} | ||
− | Between north-east and east: | + | Between north-east and [[east]]: |
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1:|| kṣeṃ || white|| Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) | + | |1:|| kṣeṃ || white|| [[Kṣetrapāla]], Land-protector ([[zhing skyong]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2:|| dūṃ|| green || Dūta, Messenger (pho nya) (original text: [[hūṃ]] ?} | + | |2:|| [[dūṃ]]|| green || Dūta, Messenger (pho [[nya]]) (original text: [[hūṃ]] ?} |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3:|| dūṃ ?|| green|| Dūtī, Messenger, {{Wiki|female}} (pho nya mo, texts: duṃ, dūṃ) | + | |3:|| [[dūṃ]] ?|| green|| [[Dūtī]], Messenger, {{Wiki|female}} ([[pho nya mo]], texts: duṃ, [[dūṃ]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4:|| a|| green|| First lunar day (tshes gcig) | + | |4:|| a|| green|| First {{Wiki|lunar}} day (tshes gcig) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5:|| maṃ|| green|| Makara, [[Capricorn]] (chu srin) | + | |5:|| maṃ|| green|| [[Wikipedia:Makara (Hindu mythology)|Makara]], [[Capricorn]] ([[chu srin]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6:|| braṃ|| green|| Brahma (tshangs pa) | + | |6:|| braṃ|| green|| [[Brahma]] ([[tshangs pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7:|| saṃ|| green|| Śūnyakṛitsna, Totality of [[emptiness]] (zad par stong pa) | + | |7:|| [[saṃ]]|| green|| Śūnyakṛitsna, {{Wiki|Totality}} of [[emptiness]] (zad par [[stong pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8:|| i|| black|| Second lunar day (tshes gnyis) | + | |8:|| i|| black|| Second {{Wiki|lunar}} day (tshes [[gnyis]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9:|| aṃ|| white|| Aśvinī (LM) (tha skar) | + | |9:|| [[aṃ]]|| white|| [[Aśvinī]] (LM) ([[tha skar]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10: || mṛiṃ|| black|| Mṛigaśiras (LM) (mgo) | + | |10: || mṛiṃ|| black|| Mṛigaśiras (LM) ([[mgo]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11:|| kuṃ|| black|| Kumbha, Aquarius (bum pa) | + | |11:|| [[kuṃ]]|| black|| [[Kumbha]], [[Aquarius]] ([[bum pa]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12:|| saṃ ?|| black|| Vāyukṛitsna, Totality of [[wind]] (zad par rlung) | + | |12:|| [[saṃ]] ?|| black|| Vāyukṛitsna, {{Wiki|Totality}} of [[wind]] (zad par [[rlung]]) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |13:|| naiṃ|| black|| Nairṛiti (bden bral) | + | |13:|| naiṃ|| black|| [[Nairṛiti]] (bden bral) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14:|| caṃ|| black|| | + | |14:|| [[caṃ]]|| black|| [[Candra]], {{Wiki|Moon}} ([[zla ba]]) |
|} | |} | ||
− | The above list is compiled from just two texts: one, the [[sādhanā]] text by the [[8th Karmapa]], [[Mikyo Dorje]] (bcom ldan 'das dpal dus kyi 'khor lo'i sgrub dkyil phan bde kun stsol) and the other on [[maṇḍala]] drawing by the [[14th Karmapa]], Thegchok [[Dorje]] ([[rgyud]] sde rgya mtsho'i dkyil 'khor gyi thig rtsa [[dang]] dri bya tshon gyi dbye ba sogs go bder bkod pa). Unfortunately, both of these give incomplete lists. The first gives seed characters and [[deity]] descriptions, but only gives their approximate positioning and leaves out three [[deities]]; the second gives a full list with clear positions, but no [[seeds]] or colours, and truncates some of the names so that they read the same. For the ten kṛitsna [[deities]] of the [[elements]], [[Mikyo Dorje]] only lists four pairs, and Thegchok [[Dorje]] only identifies the [[element]] for one of the ten – all the others are just given as kṛitsna (zad par). [[Mikyo Dorje]] also leaves out Ḍākinī. For these [[reasons]] there are some assumptions in the above list, notably with the seed and {{Wiki|colour}} of Ḍākinī and the positions of most of the kṛitsna. At the [[time]] of [[writing]], no third text that might clarify these assumptions and confirm other details has become available. | + | The above list is compiled from just two texts: one, the [[sādhanā]] text by the [[8th Karmapa]], [[Mikyo Dorje]] ([[bcom ldan 'das]] dpal dus kyi 'khor lo'i [[sgrub]] dkyil [[phan bde]] kun stsol) and the other on [[maṇḍala]] drawing by the [[14th Karmapa]], Thegchok [[Dorje]] ([[rgyud]] sde [[rgya mtsho'i]] [[dkyil 'khor]] gyi [[thig]] rtsa [[dang]] dri bya tshon gyi dbye ba sogs go bder [[bkod pa]]). Unfortunately, both of these give incomplete lists. The first gives seed characters and [[deity]] descriptions, but only gives their approximate positioning and leaves out three [[deities]]; the second gives a full list with clear positions, but no [[seeds]] or colours, and truncates some of the names so that they read the same. For the ten kṛitsna [[deities]] of the [[elements]], [[Mikyo Dorje]] only lists four pairs, and Thegchok [[Dorje]] only identifies the [[element]] for one of the ten – all the others are just given as kṛitsna (zad par). [[Mikyo Dorje]] also leaves out [[Ḍākinī]]. For these [[reasons]] there are some {{Wiki|assumptions}} in the above list, notably with the seed and {{Wiki|colour}} of [[Ḍākinī]] and the positions of most of the kṛitsna. At the [[time]] of [[writing]], no third text that might clarify these {{Wiki|assumptions}} and confirm other details has become available. |
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[http://www.kalacakra.org/mandala/perim.htm kalacakra.org] | [http://www.kalacakra.org/mandala/perim.htm kalacakra.org] | ||
− | [[Category:Kalachakra]] | + | [[Category:Kalachakra mandala]] |
[[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | [[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | ||
− |
Latest revision as of 13:47, 30 December 2014
The Kālacakra Tantra commentary, the Vimalaprabhā, tells us little about the perimeter beings of the maṇḍala. There are said to be 35,000,000 of them arranged around the palace, above the perimeter of wind. Abhayākaragupta gives some details in his Niṣpannayogāvalī, the companion text to the Vajrāvalī, naming a few of them:
The planets (such as Venus, depicted in the image right).
Dhruva – the Pole Star. A king who defeated in battle large numbers of yakṣas; blessed by Kubera and elevated to a place higher than all the planets.
Agastya (ri byi) – the star Canopus, named after a ṛiṣi of the same name (The Tibetan ri byi is a transliteration of the Sanskrit word ṛiṣi). He had crossed the Vindhya mountains and seen the star for the first time, around six to seven thousand years ago. The heliacal rising of Canopus is said to indicate the end of the rainy season in northern India and the purification of water supplies. A thousand years ago, the heliacal rising would have occured around 28 August. For seven days from the heliacal rising, water is said to possess eight special qualities: it is cool, sweet, light, soft, clear, pure, and neither upsets the stomach nor irritates the throat. Varāhamihira says of the star that it "looks like the special red tilaka-mark on the forehead of the lady-like southern direction [and] shines forth and delights the minds of men" (Pañcasiddhāntikā).
The 28 lunar mansions – the division of the ecliptic into 27 or 28 parts, similar to:
The 12 signs of the zodiac – the familar signs of the zodiac, Aries, etc.
The 16 lunar phases – the sixteen phases from new Moon up to full Moon. See also the Fifteen Nityas. The worldy protectors of the 10 [[directions] – the list as given in the third chapter of the Vimalaprabhā is: Brahma (tshangs pa), Viṣṇu (khyab 'jug), Nairṛiti (bden bral), Vāyu (rlung lha), Yama (gshin rje), Agni (me lha), Samudra (rgya mtsho), Śaṅkara (bde byed), Indra (dbang po) and Yakṣa (gnod sbyin).
Nandi (dga) – the bull that is the mount, companion and guardian of Śiva. Also considered to be a sage and teacher in his own right.
Mahākāla (nag po chen po) – the black protector.
Ghaṇṭākarṇa (dril bu'i rna ba can) – "bell-ears", a terrible rākṣasa created by Śiva. He was at first an enemy of Viṣṇu and wore bells on his ears so that he would not even hear Viṣṇu's name. Eventually achieved salvation through performing austerities (tapas, dka' thub) and became a devotee of Viṣṇu.
Hāriti ('phrog ma) – there are many variations on the story of Hāriti. According to the main Buddhist legend, she lived at the time of the Buddha with her 500 children. However, in order to feed her children, she would steal the children of others as food. Distraught parents seek the Buddha's help, and he has one of Hāriti's children kidnapped. In a terrible state at the loss of her child, she turns to the Buddha for help. He returns her child, explaining to her the suffering she has caused to others. She repents, converts to Buddhism and became the protectoress of children. She is also sometimes associated with protection from smallpox.
Bhṛiṅg (nyam chung) – a devotee of Śiva. who was cursed by Śiva's consort, Pārvatī, after he upset her. As a result, his legs became too weak to support him. In order to help him, Śiva gave him a third leg and he came to be known as the Mahāṛiṣi with three legs.
Large numbers of:
- field protectors (zhing skyong, kṣetrapāla) – originally protectors of agricultural fields, but later of land in general.
- messengers (pho nya, dūtī) – more than just messengers, also servants and functionaries of the gods.
- and siddhas (grub pa) – human practitioners.
In the Jonang tradition, these are considered to be so numerous that they are not usually represented in the maṇḍala in any specified form. However, they can be represented, and if this is done, they are placed in the outer half of the perimeter of wind – the inner half is taken up by the charnel grounds. Out of the total of 35 million beings, one would place as many as appropriate, choosing them from the normal lists, such as given below, and giving them various forms, colours and hand-emblems.
However, there are two traditions in which a specific number of these beings are represented, with, in the usual case, three of them representing a collection of beings.
Gelug and Sakya traditions
The main tradition of this is used in the Gelug and Sakya schools, and originally comes from Buton, given in his work dpal dus kyi 'khor lo'i phyi'i khor yug gi lha 'god tshul. This includes eighty-eight deities represented around the border between the fire and wind perimeters, eleven between each of the wheels of the pracaṇḍā goddesses. These are normally represented by their seeds, although many maṇḍalas in which these deities are depicted also show their forms. When the seeds are drawn, this is nearly always done in old Rañjana (decorative/ornamental) script, as in the images given below. (These are taken from a maṇḍala painted under the direction of Ven. Jhado Rinpoche. Image courtesy of Ricky Swaczy, Northern Shambhala, Italy)
The following list is based on the original work by Buton, the Kālacakra sādhana by Kalzang Gyatso, the 7th Dalai Lama (bcom ldan 'das dpal dus kyi 'khor lo'i sku gsung thugs yongs su rdzogs pa'i dkyil 'khor gyi sgrub thabs mkhas grub zhal lung), a text on the arrangement of deities in the maṇḍala by Thubten Gyatso, the 13th Dalai Lama (bcom ldan 'das dang po'i sangs rgyas dpal dus kyi 'khor lo'i sku gsung thugs yongs su rdzogs pa'i rdul tshon gyi dkyil 'khor 'dri skabs lha tshogs rnams 'god tshul gsal bar bkod pa 'khri shing yongs 'du'i dga, and also a Sakya text by Jamyang Loter Wangpo (dpal dus kyi 'khor lo'i dkyil 'khor gyi cho ga spangs rtogs kyi yon tan kun nas 'byung ba). There are many minor variations between these texts (and painted maṇḍalas), and the majority of the seeds are intended to be the initial letters of the Sanskrit names of the deities concerned (although nearly all of the names are only given in Tibetan). Most of the inconsistencies in these texts in this respect have been resolved, although a couple still remain. In this list, and the one further down used in the Karma-Kagyu tradition, question marks indicate lingering uncertainties. The lunar mansions are indicated by LM. The list starts from the east, and continues clockwise:
Between east and south-east:
1. | iṃ | yellow | Indra (dbang po) |
2. | caṃ | black | Candra, Moon (zla ba) |
3. | reṃ | light yellow | Revatī (LM) (nam gru) |
4. | uṃ | yellow | Uttarabhādrapāda (LM) (khrums smad) |
5. | mīṃ | red | Mīna, Pisces (nya) |
6. | sūṃ | black | Sūrya, Sun (nyi ma) |
7. | aṃ | red | Agni (me lha) |
8. | dūṃ | green | Dūtī (pho nya mo) |
9. | pūṃ | green | Pūrvabhādrapāda (LM)| (khrums stod) |
10. | śaṃ | yellow | Śatabhṛiṣā (LM) (mon gru) |
11. | kuṃ | black | Kumbha, Aquarius (bum pa) |
Between south-east and south:
1. | aṃ | green | Sixth lunar day (tshes drug) |
2. | e | black | Seventh lunar day (tshes bdun) |
3. | ar | red | Eighth lunar day (tshes brgyad) |
4. | o | white | Ninth lunar day (tshes dgu) |
5. | al | yellow | Tenth lunar day (tshes bcu) |
6. | dhaṃ | black ? | Dhaniṣṭhā (LM) (mon gre) |
7. | aṃ | light blue | Abhijit (LM) (byi bzhin) |
8. | śraṃ | light yellow | Śravaṇa (LM) (gro bzhin) |
9. | maṃ | green | Makara, Capricorn (chu srin) |
10. | kṣeṃ | green | Kṣetrapāla (zhing skyong) |
11. | aṃ | blue | Agastya, Canopus (ri byi) |
Between south and south-west:
1. | yaṃ | red | Yama (gshin rje) |
2. | buṃ | red | Budha, Mercury (lhag pa) |
3. | uṃ | white | Uttarāṣāḍhā (LM) (chu smad) |
4. | pūṃ | black | Pūrvāṣāḍhā (LM) (chu stod) |
5. | mūṃ | yellow | Mūla (LM) (snrubs) |
6. | dham | green | Dhanu, Sagittarius (gzhu) |
7. | hāṃ | yellow | Hārītī ('phrog ma) |
8. | maṃ | red | Maṅgala, Mars (mig dmar) |
9. | naiṃ | black | Nairṛiti (bden bral) |
10. | jyeṃ | yellow | Jyeṣṭha (LM) (snron) |
11. | bṛiṃ | black | Bṛiścaka, Scorpio (sdig pa) |
Between south-west and west:
1. | aṃ | green | Anurādhā (LM) (lha mtshams) |
2. | aṃ | blue | Sixteenth phase (cha bcu drug pa) |
3. | naṃ | black | Nandi, Nandikeśvara (dgaa (nag po chen po) |
5. | ghaṃ | black | Ghaṇṭākarṇa (dril bu'i rna ba can) |
6. | bhṛiṃ | black | Bhṛiṅgi (bhriṃ gi ṇe) |
7. | biṃ | black | Viśākhā (LM) (sa ga) |
8. | śvāṃ | yellow | Svātī (LM) (sa ri) |
9. | tuṃ | red | Tulā, Libra (srang) |
10. | piṃ | blue | Viṣṇu (khyab 'jug) |
11. | kāṃ | blue | Kālāgni (dus me) |
Between west and north-west:
1. | vaṃ | white | Varuṇa]] (chu lha) |
2. | keṃ | yellow | Ketu, comet (du ba mjug ring) |
3. | siṃ | black | Siddha (grub pa) |
4. | ciṃ | green | Citrā (LM) (nag pa) |
5. | haṃ | white | Hastā (LM) (me bzhi) |
6. | uṃ | green | Uttaraphalgunī (LM) (dbo) |
7. | kaṃ | white | Kanyā, Virgo (bu mo) |
8. | vāṃ | black | Vāyu (rlung lha) |
9. | śaṃ | yellow | Śani, Saturn (spen pa) |
10. | pūṃ | yellow-green | Pūrvaphalgunī (LM) (bre) |
11. | siṃ | golden-yellow | Siṃha, Leo (seng ge) |
Between north-west and north:
1. | maṃ | yellow | Maghā (LM) (mchu) |
2. | ha | green | Eleventh lunar day (tshes bcu gcig) |
3. | ya | black | Twelfth lunar day (tshes bcu gnyis) |
4. | ra | red | Thirteenth lunar day (tshes bcu gsum) |
5. | va | white | Fourteenth lunar day (tshes bcu bzhi) |
6. | la | yellow | Fifteenth lunar day (tshes bco lnga) |
7. | dhruṃ | green | Dhruva, Pole star (brtan pa) |
8. | aṃ | white | #REDIRECTAśleṣā (LM) (skag) |
9. | puṃ | light blue | Puṣya (LM) (rgyal) |
10. | kaṃ | blue | Karkaṭa, Cancer (karka ṭa) |
11. | yaṃ | yellow | Yakṣa (gnod sbyin) |
Between north and north-east:
1. | śuṃ | white | Śukra, Venus (pa sangs) |
2. | puṃ | yellow | Punarvasu (LM) (nabs so) |
3. | āṃ | yellow | Ārdrā (LM) (lag) |
4. | miṃ | blue | Mithuna, Gemini ('khrig pa) |
5. | bṛiṃ | white | Bṛihaspati, Jupiter (phur pa) |
6. | iṃ | white | Rudra (drag po) |
7. | mṛiṃ | black | Mṛigaśiras (LM) (mgo) |
8. | roṃ | light red | Rohiṇī (LM) (snar ma) |
9. | bṛiṃ | yellow | Vṛiṣa, Taurus (glang) |
10. | bhūṃ | green | Bhūta ('byung po pho) |
11. | bhūṃ | green | Bhūtā ('byung po mo) |
Between north-east and east:
1. | a | green | First lunar day (tshes gcig) |
2. | i | black | Second lunar day (tshes gnyis) |
3. | ṛi | red | Third lunar day (tshes gsum) |
4. | u | white | Fourth lunar day (tshes bzhi) |
5. | ḷi | yellow | Fifth lunar day (tshes lnga) |
6. | kṛiṃ | light blue | Kṛittikā (LM) (smin drug) |
7. | bhaṃ | green, yellow-green? | Bharaṇī (LM) (bra nye) |
8. | aṃ | white | Aśvinī (LM) (tha skar) |
9. | meṃ | white | Meṣa, Aries (lug) |
10. | rāṃ | green | Rāhu (sgra gcan) |
11. | braṃ | green | Brahma (tshangs pa) |
Buton explains much of his reasoning behind this arrangement. The planets are arranged in directions similar to those in which they are located in the Kālacakra protective sphere meditation. (They also closely match the positions they are given in the Vajrāvalī.) The signs of the zodiac and the lunar mansions are placed around the perimeter in positions relative to their positions around the ecliptic, with the beginning of the ecliptic positioned in the east. This means that the first sign from the east in an anti-clockwise direction is Aries, the next Taurus, and so on. The lunar mansions are arranged similarly.
He places the sixteen lunar phases in groups according to their classifications: the first group of five associated with tamas are placed towards the east, the second group associated with rajas in the south, and the third group associated with sattva in the north. The sixteenth is in the west. He states that he has placed the phases associated with the elements of space and awareness in positions that are compatible with the positions of similarly classified deities in the mind palacae. However, his comments do not quite match the actual placing of those deities, and there seems to be at least one mistake in the current version of this little text. He also mentions that deities such as Viṣṇu are placed in positions similar to those they occupy in the body palace.
Karma Kagyu tradition
The placing of the deities in the other main tradition is not explained in this way. This tradition is the one coming from the translator Tsami, passing through the Karma Kagyu school. In this method, instead of 88 deities around the perimeter, there are 112, 14 between each of the wheels of pracaṇḍā goddesses in the charnel grounds.
A somewhat similar logic has been applied to the placing of these deities as with Buton's method. The planets are certainly arranged similarly, but the zodiac signs and lunar mansions are placed more according to their categorization as deities, and placed in the appropriate directions.
Between east and south-east:
1: | kṣeṃ | black | Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) |
2: | puṃ | yellow | Punarvasu (LM) (nabs so) |
3: | khaṃ | black | khadga, sword realization, (ral gri grub pa) |
4: | bṛiṃ | black | Bṛiścaka, Scorpio (sdig pa'i khyim) |
5: | e | black | Seventh lunar day (tshes bdun) |
6: | uṃ | green | Uttaraphalgunī (LM) (dbo) |
7: | haṃ | white | Hastā (LM) (me bzhi) |
8: | sūṃ | black | Sūrya, Sun (nyi ma) |
9: | saṃ | black | Vāyukṛitsna, Totality of wind (zad par rlung) |
10: | ciṃ | green | Citrā (LM) (nag pa) |
11: | ya | black | Twelfth lunar day (tshes bcu gnyis) |
12: | śvāṃ | orange | Svātī (LM) (sa ri) |
13: | aṃ | black | realization of inexhaustible treasure (gter grub pa) |
14: | bāṃ | black | Vāyu (rlung lha) |
Between south-east and south:
1: | kṣeṃ | black | Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) |
2: | naṃ | black | Nandi (dgaa (nag po chen po) |
4: | a | green | Sixth lunar day (tshes drug) |
5: | dhaṃ | green | Dhanu, Sagitarrius (gzhu khyim) |
6: | dhruṃ | green | Dhruva, Polaris, Pole star (brtan pa) |
7: | rāṃ | green | Rāhu (sgra gcan) |
8: | ṛi | red | Third lunar day (tshes gsum) |
9: | kṛiṃ | blue | Kṛittikā (LM) (smin drug) |
10: | puṃ | blue | Puṣya (LM) (rgyal) |
11: | mīṃ | red | Mīna, Pisces (nya) |
12: | saṃ | red | Tejaḥkṛitsna, Totality of fire (zad par me) |
13: | yaṃ | red | Yama (gshin rje) |
14: | buṃ | red | Budha, Mercury (lhag pa) |
Between south and south-west:
1: | kṣeṃ | red | Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) |
2: | maṃ | yellow | Maghā (LM) (mchu) |
3: | pāṃ | red | Pādukā, running realization (rkang mgyogs) |
4: | tuṃ | red | Tulā, Libra (srang khyim) |
5: | ar | red | Eighth lunar day (tshes brgyad) |
6: | pūṃ | yellow-green | Pūrvaphalgunī (LM) (bre, gre) |
7: | biṃ | black | Viśākhā (LM) (sa ga) |
8: | maṃ | red | Maṅgala, Mars (mig dmar) |
9: | saṃ | red | Tejaḥkṛitsna, Totality of fire (zad par me) |
10: | pūṃ | green | Pūrvabhādrapāda (LM) (khrums stod) |
11: | ra | red | Thirteenth lunar day (tshes bcu gsum) |
12: | bhaṃ | green | Bharaṇī (LM) (bra nye) |
13: | roṃ | red | Rocana, invisibility realization ? |
14: | aṃ | red | Agni (me lha) |
Between south-west and west:
1: | kṣeṃ | red | Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) |
2: | ghaṃ | black | Ghaṇṭākarṇa (dril bu'i rna ba can) |
3: | ḍāṃ | green | Ḍākinī (mkha' 'gro) |
4: | ha | green | Eleventh lunar day (tshes bcu gcig) |
5: | kaṃ | blue | Karkaṭa, Cancer (karkaṭa) |
6: | biṃ | blue | Viṣṇu (khyab 'jug) |
7: | saṃ | blue | Śūnyakṛitsna, Totality of emptiness (zad par stong pa) |
8: | ḷi | yellow | Fifth lunar day (tshes lnga) |
9: | āṃ | yellow | Ārdrā (LM) (lag) |
10: | aṃ | white | Aśleṣā (LM) (skag) |
11: | bṛiṃ | yellow | Vṛiṣa, Taurus (glang khyim) |
12: | saṃ | yellow | Pṛithvīkṛitsna, Totality of earth (zad par sa) |
13: | iṃ | yellow | Indra (dbang po) |
14: | keṃ | yellow | Ketu, comet (du ba mjug rings) |
Between west and north-west:
1: | kṣeṃ | yellow Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) |
2: | mūṃ | yellow Mūla (LM) (snrubs) |
3: | aṃ | yellow Eye-medicine realization (mig sman) |
4: | siṃ | yellow Siṃha, Leo (seng ge'i khyim) |
5: | al | yellow Tenth lunar day (tshes bcu) |
6: | pūṃ | black Pūrvāṣāḍhā (LM) (chu stod) |
7: | śaṃ | yellow Śatabhṛiṣā (LM) (mon gru) |
8: | śaṃ | yellow Śani, Saturn (spen pa) |
9: | saṃ | yellow Pṛithvīkṛitsna, Totality of Earth (zad par sa) |
10: | uṃ | yellow Uttarabhādrapāda (LM) (khrums smad) |
11: | la | yellow Fifteenth lunar day (tshes bco lnga) |
12: | reṃ | light yellow Revatī (LM) (nam gru) |
13: | guṃ | yellow Pill realization (ril bu grub) |
14: | yaṃ | yellow Yakṣa (gnod sbyin) |
Between north-west and north:
1: | kṣeṃ | yellow | Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) |
2: | bhṛiṃ | yellow | Bhṛiṅgi (bhṛiṅgi ṇi) |
3: | hāṃ | yellow | Hārītī ('phrog ma) |
4: | aṃ | blue | Sixteenth phase (tshes bcu drug) |
5: | miṃ | blue | Mithuna, Gemini ('khrig pa) |
6: | aṃ | blue | Agastya, Canopus (ri byi) |
7: | kāṃ | blue | Kālāgni (dus me) |
8: | u | white | Fourth lunar day (tshes bzhi) |
9: | roṃ | red | Rohiṇī (LM) (snar ma) |
10: | aṃ | green | Anurādhā (LM) (lha mtshams) |
11: | meṃ | white | Meṣa, Aries (lug) |
12: | saṃ | white | Toyakṛitsna, Totality of water (zad par chu) |
13: | saṃ | white | Samudra (= {{Wiki|Varuṇa]]) (rgya mtsho) |
14: | śuṃ | white | Śukra, Venus (pa sangs) |
Between north and north-east:
1: | kṣeṃ | white | Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) |
2: | jyeṃ | yellow | Jyaṣṭha (LM) (snron) |
3: | aṃ | white | Nectar realization ('bras grub) |
4: | kaṃ | white | Kanyā, Virgo (bu mo) |
5: | o | white | Ninth lunar day (tshes dgu) |
6: | uṃ | white | Uttarāṣāḍhā (LM) (chu smad) |
7: | aṃ | blue | Abhijit (LM) (byi bzhin) |
8: | bṛiṃ | white | Bṛihaspati, Jupiter (phur bu) |
9: | saṃ | white | Toyakṛitsna, Totality of water (zad par chu) |
10: | śraṃ | light yellow | Śravaṇa (LM) (gro bzhin) |
11: | va | white | Fourteenth lunar day (tshes bcu bzhi) |
12: | dhaṃ | black | Dhaniṣṭhā (LM) (mon gre) |
13: | raṃ | white | Alchemical realization (bcud len) |
14: | iṃ | white | Rudra (drag po, dbang phyug) |
Between north-east and east:
1: | kṣeṃ | white | Kṣetrapāla, Land-protector (zhing skyong) |
2: | dūṃ | green | Dūta, Messenger (pho nya) (original text: hūṃ ?} |
3: | dūṃ ? | green | Dūtī, Messenger, female (pho nya mo, texts: duṃ, dūṃ) |
4: | a | green | First lunar day (tshes gcig) |
5: | maṃ | green | Makara, Capricorn (chu srin) |
6: | braṃ | green | Brahma (tshangs pa) |
7: | saṃ | green | Śūnyakṛitsna, Totality of emptiness (zad par stong pa) |
8: | i | black | Second lunar day (tshes gnyis) |
9: | aṃ | white | Aśvinī (LM) (tha skar) |
10: | mṛiṃ | black | Mṛigaśiras (LM) (mgo) |
11: | kuṃ | black | Kumbha, Aquarius (bum pa) |
12: | saṃ ? | black | Vāyukṛitsna, Totality of wind (zad par rlung) |
13: | naiṃ | black | Nairṛiti (bden bral) |
14: | caṃ | black | Candra, Moon (zla ba) |
The above list is compiled from just two texts: one, the sādhanā text by the 8th Karmapa, Mikyo Dorje (bcom ldan 'das dpal dus kyi 'khor lo'i sgrub dkyil phan bde kun stsol) and the other on maṇḍala drawing by the 14th Karmapa, Thegchok Dorje (rgyud sde rgya mtsho'i dkyil 'khor gyi thig rtsa dang dri bya tshon gyi dbye ba sogs go bder bkod pa). Unfortunately, both of these give incomplete lists. The first gives seed characters and deity descriptions, but only gives their approximate positioning and leaves out three deities; the second gives a full list with clear positions, but no seeds or colours, and truncates some of the names so that they read the same. For the ten kṛitsna deities of the elements, Mikyo Dorje only lists four pairs, and Thegchok Dorje only identifies the element for one of the ten – all the others are just given as kṛitsna (zad par). Mikyo Dorje also leaves out Ḍākinī. For these reasons there are some assumptions in the above list, notably with the seed and colour of Ḍākinī and the positions of most of the kṛitsna. At the time of writing, no third text that might clarify these assumptions and confirm other details has become available.
E. Henning