Difference between revisions of "Tibetan Grammar - Associative Particle"
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<br/><br/><br/> | <br/><br/><br/> | ||
− | {{Grammar articles}}{{DisplayImages|270|1180|817|41|85|923|1680|180|1084|1835|456|1325|1224 | + | {{Grammar articles}}{{DisplayImages|270|1180|817|41|85|923|1680|180|1084|1835|456|1325|1224}} |
''by Stefan J. Eckel'' | ''by Stefan J. Eckel'' | ||
− | =Associative Particle, དང་སྒྲ་= | + | =Associative {{Wiki|Particle}}, {{BigTibetan|དང་སྒྲ་}}= |
− | ==Case Marking Function== | + | ==Case Marking [[Function]]== |
− | The associative particle has case marking function with [[Tibetan Grammar - verbs#ming tsam intransitive associative|''ming tsam'' intransitive - associative verbs]] and [[Tibetan Grammar - verbs#agentive transitive associative|agentive transitive - associative verbs]].<ref>The case marking "associative particle{{BigTibetan|དང་སྒྲ་}}" was formerly placed with the "syntactic particles" and called "Coordinating particle, {{BigTibetan|དང་སྒྲ་}}".</ref> | + | The associative {{Wiki|particle}} has case marking [[function]] with [[Tibetan Grammar - verbs#ming tsam intransitive associative|''ming tsam'' intransitive - associative verbs]] and [[Tibetan Grammar - verbs#agentive transitive associative|agentive transitive - associative verbs]].<ref>The case marking "associative {{Wiki|particle}}{{BigTibetan|དང་སྒྲ་}}" was formerly placed with the "syntactic {{Wiki|particles}}" and called "Coordinating {{Wiki|particle}}, {{BigTibetan|དང་སྒྲ་}}".</ref> |
==Conjunction== | ==Conjunction== | ||
===Inclusion=== | ===Inclusion=== | ||
− | * Tibetan grammatical term: {{BigTibetan|སྡུད་པ་}}<br> | + | * [[Tibetan]] grammatical term: {{BigTibetan|སྡུད་པ་}}<br> |
{{gfverb|ཕྱེ་བ།|འབྱེད་པ།|དབྱེ་བ།|ཕྱེས།|to divide|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}} | {{gfverb|ཕྱེ་བ།|འབྱེད་པ།|དབྱེ་བ།|ཕྱེས།|to divide|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}} | ||
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===Coordination of Divisions=== | ===Coordination of Divisions=== | ||
− | * Tibetan grammatical term: {{BigTibetan|འབྱེད་པ་}}<br> | + | * [[Tibetan]] grammatical term: {{BigTibetan|འབྱེད་པ་}}<br> |
{{gsample|ཆོས་ནི་གཉིས་ཏེ། ཟག་བཅས་དང་ཟག་མེད་དོ།|dharmas two defiled undefiled|There are two dharmas, defiled and undefiled [ones].}}<br> | {{gsample|ཆོས་ནི་གཉིས་ཏེ། ཟག་བཅས་དང་ཟག་མེད་དོ།|dharmas two defiled undefiled|There are two dharmas, defiled and undefiled [ones].}}<br> | ||
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==Coordination of Verbs== | ==Coordination of Verbs== | ||
===Temporal=== | ===Temporal=== | ||
− | * Tibetan grammatical term: {{BigTibetan|ཚེ་སྐབས་}}<br> | + | * [[Tibetan]] grammatical term: {{BigTibetan|ཚེ་སྐབས་}}<br> |
{{gfverb|ཉལ་བ།|ཉལ་བ།|ཉལ་བ།|ཉོལ།|to lie down, sleep|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | {{gfverb|ཉལ་བ།|ཉལ་བ།|ཉལ་བ།|ཉོལ།|to lie down, sleep|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | ||
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===Causal=== | ===Causal=== | ||
− | * Tibetan grammatical term: {{BigTibetan|རྒྱུ་མཚན་}}<br> | + | * [[Tibetan]] grammatical term: {{BigTibetan|རྒྱུ་མཚན་}}<br> |
{{gfverb|ཟོས་པ་|བཟས་པ།|ཟ་བ།|བཟའ་བ།|ཟོ།|to eat|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}} | {{gfverb|ཟོས་པ་|བཟས་པ།|ཟ་བ།|བཟའ་བ།|ཟོ།|to eat|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}} | ||
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==Imperative / Instruction== | ==Imperative / Instruction== | ||
− | * Tibetan grammatical term: {{BigTibetan|གདམས་ངག་}}<br> | + | * [[Tibetan]] grammatical term: {{BigTibetan|གདམས་ངག་}}<br> |
{{gfverb|བསྒྲུབས་པ།|སྒྲུབ་པ།|བསྒྲུབ་པ།|སྒྲུབས།|to accomplish|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}} | {{gfverb|བསྒྲུབས་པ།|སྒྲུབ་པ།|བསྒྲུབ་པ།|སྒྲུབས།|to accomplish|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}} | ||
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==Coordination== | ==Coordination== | ||
− | ===General Coordination=== | + | ===[[General]] Coordination=== |
{{gsample|་་་ལོག་ལྟ་མངོན་གྱུར་མེད་པ་དང༌། གཞན་བསད་ཀྱང་མི་འཆི་བ་དང༌། ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཡིད་འོང་མེད་པས་་་་|wrong views manifest not have other killed even not die possessions appealing not exist|[in the hell realm] ... [they] don’t have manifest wrong views; and even [if one] has killed an other [one], [no one will] die; and because [there] are no appealing possessions...}} | {{gsample|་་་ལོག་ལྟ་མངོན་གྱུར་མེད་པ་དང༌། གཞན་བསད་ཀྱང་མི་འཆི་བ་དང༌། ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཡིད་འོང་མེད་པས་་་་|wrong views manifest not have other killed even not die possessions appealing not exist|[in the hell realm] ... [they] don’t have manifest wrong views; and even [if one] has killed an other [one], [no one will] die; and because [there] are no appealing possessions...}} |
Revision as of 13:49, 21 January 2014
Articles on Tibetan Grammar |
1. Introduction |
2. Formation of the Tibetan Syllable |
3. Formation of the Tibetan Word |
4. First case: ming tsam |
5. La don particles |
6. La don particles—Notes |
7. Originative case |
8. Verbs |
9. Verbs—Notes |
10. Syntactic particles |
by Stefan J. Eckel
Associative Particle, དང་སྒྲ་
Case Marking Function
The associative particle has case marking function with ming tsam intransitive - associative verbs and agentive transitive - associative verbs.[1]
Conjunction
Inclusion
- Tibetan grammatical term: སྡུད་པ་
|
དེ་རེ་རེར་ཡང་གསུམ་གསུམ་དུ་དབྱེ་སྟེ། གཟུགས་ཕུང་ལ་འབྱུང་བའི་ཁམས་དང༌། |
these each three three to divide form skandha major elements dhatu |
སྣོད་ཀྱི་འཇིག་རྟེན་དང༌། བཅུད་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་དང་གསུམ། |
container world content sentient being three |
... [when] dividing each of these again into sets of three: regarding the form skandha [there is the division into] the three [of] the major elements, the world [which is] the container, [and] the sentient being [who are] the content. |
གཟུགས་དང༌། ཚོར་བ་དང༌། འདུ་ཤེས་དང༌། འདུ་བྱེད་དང༌། རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ནི་ཕུང་པོའོ། |
form feeling perception formation consciousness skandha |
Form, feeling, perception, formation and consciousness are the skandhas. |
བགོ་བ་དང་བཟའ་བ་ |
clothes food |
clothes and food |
With sociative meaning
|
བུ་གཉིས་དང་བཙུན་མོ་དང་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཕྱིན། |
son two consort king went |
The two sons, the consort and the king went. The king went with the two sons and the consort. |
- Note: The sociative is more commonly expressed by different postpositions. E.g., ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་, together.
རྒྱལ་པོ་བཙུན་མོ་དང་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་ཕྱིན། |
king consort together went |
The king went together with the consort. |
- དང་ here comes together with ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་.
Coordination of Divisions
- Tibetan grammatical term: འབྱེད་པ་
ཆོས་ནི་གཉིས་ཏེ། ཟག་བཅས་དང་ཟག་མེད་དོ། |
dharmas two defiled undefiled |
There are two dharmas, defiled and undefiled [ones]. |
རིག་གནས་ནི་ལྔ་སྟེ། སྒྲ་རིག་པ་དང༌། ཚད་མ་རིག་པ་དང༌། བཟོ་རིག་པ་དང༌། གསོ་བ་རིག་པ་དང༌། ནང་དོན་རིག་པའོ། |
sciences five grammar logic crafts medicine inner science |
There are five sciences: grammar, logic, crafts, medicine and the inner science. |
Coordination of Verbs
Temporal
- Tibetan grammatical term: ཚེ་སྐབས་
|
ཆུ་ཚོད་དགུ་ཟིན་པ་དང་མལ་དུ་ཉལ། |
hour nine bed lie down |
It became nine o’clock and [he] went to bed. |
|
སྐྱ་རེངས་ཤར་བ་དང་མལ་ནས་ལྡང༌། |
dawn arose bed get up |
The dawn arose and [he] got up. |
Causal
- Tibetan grammatical term: རྒྱུ་མཚན་
|
སྨན་ལེགས་པར་ཟོས་པ་དང་ནད་ལས་གྲོལ། |
medicine well ate illness freed |
After [he]had well eaten the medicine, [he] was cured. From eating the medicine he was cured. |
|
ཡི་གེ་སློབ་པ་དང་མཁས་པར་འགྱུར། |
scriptures study learned become |
Study the scriptures and become learned. From studying the scriptures one becomes learned. |
Coordination After Imperative
|
ཁྱོད་ལེགས་པར་ཉོན་ཅིག་དང༌། ཁྱོད་ལ་བསྟན་པར་བྱའོ།། |
you well listen "!" you explain auxiliary' |
Listen well! And [I] will explain to you. |
Imperative / Instruction
- Tibetan grammatical term: གདམས་ངག་
|
ལེགས་པར་སྦྱོངས་དང༌། ཆོས་སྒྲུབས་དང༌། |
well study Dharma accomplish |
Study well! Accomplish the Dharma! |
|
Coordination
General Coordination
་་་ལོག་ལྟ་མངོན་གྱུར་མེད་པ་དང༌། གཞན་བསད་ཀྱང་མི་འཆི་བ་དང༌། ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཡིད་འོང་མེད་པས་་་་ |
wrong views manifest not have other killed even not die possessions appealing not exist |
[in the hell realm] ... [they] don’t have manifest wrong views; and even [if one] has killed an other [one], [no one will] die; and because [there] are no appealing possessions... |
Coordination of Quotations
་་་བསྐྲད་པའི་ཕྱིར་སྦྱིན་པ་སྦྱིན་པར་མི་བྱེད་དོ། །ཞེས་པ་དང༌། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ནི་གྲགས་པ་དང་ |
to expel offerings give not do [it is said] and bodhisattva renown |
ཚིགས་སུ་བཅད་པའི་ཕྱིར་སྦྱིན་པ་སྦྱིན་པར་མི་བྱེད་དོ། །ཞེས་པ་དང༌།་་་ |
verse offerings give not do [it is said] and |
[it is said]: "... [a bodhisattva] does not give offerings in order to expel [someone]", and [it is said]: "A bodhisattva does not give offerings in order to be renown or praised.", and: "..." ." |
With Repeated Words or Particles
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