Ayutthaya (city)
Ayutthaya (full name Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Thai: พระนครศรีอยุธยา, pronounced [pʰráʔ na.kʰɔ̄ːn sǐː ʔa.jút.tʰa.jāː] (Pronunciation)); also spelled "Ayudhya") city is the capital of Ayutthaya province in Thailand. Located in the valley of the Chao Phraya River, the city was founded in 1350 by King U Thong, who went there to escape a smallpox outbreak in Lop Buri and proclaimed it the capital of his kingdom, often referred to as the Ayutthaya kingdom or Siam. Ayutthaya became the second Siamese capital after Sukhothai. Its remains, characterized by the prang (reliquary towers) and gigantic monasteries, give an idea of its past splendour. It is estimated that Ayutthaya by the year 1600 CE had a population of about 300,000, with the population perhaps reaching 1,000,000 around 1700 CE, making it one of the world's largest cities at that time. In 1767, the city was destroyed by the Burmese army, resulting in the collapse of the kingdom. The Ayutthaya historical park is the ruins of the former capital of the Kingdom of Siam. It is the site of mass murder, rape and enslavement of Siamese people and destruction of the Ayutthaya city, its art and buildings by the Burmese in 1767, which is recognized internationally as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city was refounded a few kilometers to the east. The city is sometimes called "Venice of the
Etymology
Ayutthaya is named after the city of Ayodhya in India, the birthplace of Rama in the Ramayana (Thai, Ramakien); Phra is a Thai royal and noble title; Nakhon designates an important or capital city; Thai honorific Sri or Si is from the Indian term of veneration Sri.
Ayutthaya Town Center
- Ayutthaya Historical Study Center
- Ayutthaya Rajabhat University (ARU)
- Chan Kasem Palace
- Chao Sam Phraya National Museum
- Wang Luang
- Wat Chai Watthanaram
- Wat Lokaya Sutharam
- Wat Mahathat
- Wat Na Phra Men
- Wat Phanan Choeng
- Wat Phra Ram
- Wat Phra Si Sanphet
- Wat Phutthaisawan
- Wat Phuttai Sawan
- Wat Ratchaburana
- Wat Suwan Dararam
- Wat Thammikarat
- Wihan Phra Mongkhon Bophit
- St. Joseph's Church
The city is located at the junction of the Chao Phraya, Lopburi and Pa Sak rivers, and on the main north-south railway linking Chiang Mai to Bangkok. The old city is on an island formed by a bend of the Chao Phraya on the west and south sides, the Pa Sak on the east side and the Klong Muang canal on the northern side.
The approximate centre of the old city is 14°20′N 100°34′E
In fiction
- A Thailand-themed town named "Ayothaya" appears in the PC MMORPG Ragnarok Online.
- Ayutthaya is a stage in Soul Calibur II.
- The temples in Wat Phra Si Sanphet and Wat Ratchaburana from Ayutthaya appear in Kickboxer (as "Stone City"), Mortal ::Kombat, Mortal Kombat Annihilation, and throughout Mortal Kombat Conquest.
- The lying Buddha statue from the Ayutthaya ruins appears in Sagat's stage in most of the Street Fighter games.
- It was featured in the 2005 movie "The King Maker".
- The 1630 destruction of the Japanese quarter of Ayutthaya at the orders of Prasat Thong and its consequences is central to ::one of the stories in the 1632 series anthology Ring of Fire III, "All God's Children in the Burning East" by Garrett W. ::Vance.
- In the 2010 Nintendo DS game Golden Sun: Dark Dawn, the main characters visit the city of 'Ayuthay', which draws heavily on ::Thai culture and architecture.
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