Bardo deities
In some Tibetan Buddhist traditions, the Bardo Thodol, commonly known as the Tibetan Book of the Dead, describes various deities or spiritual figures encountered during the intermediate state between death and rebirth, known as the bardo. These deities are often visualized as part of meditation practices or encountered as one progresses through the stages of the bardo.
Here are some of the prominent deities encountered in the Bardo Thodol:
Peaceful Deities:
These deities represent enlightened qualities and guide the deceased through peaceful states of mind. They include figures like Buddha Amitabha, Buddha Vairocana, Tara, and Chenrezig (Avalokiteshvara).
Wrathful Deities:
Sometimes referred to as "Dharmapalas," these figures symbolize the power of compassion and wisdom to overcome obstacles and negative forces. Examples include Mahakala, Yamantaka, and Vajrapani.
Demi-Gods and Demons: Various other beings, both positive and negative, may also be encountered in the bardo. These represent the karmic forces and psychological states the individual encounters as they transition between lives.
Encountering these deities is seen as opportunities for spiritual transformation and liberation from cyclic existence. The Bardo Thodol provides instructions on recognizing and meditating upon these figures to navigate the intermediate state with awareness and wisdom.
Yidams:
In addition to the peaceful and wrathful deities, practitioners may also encounter Yidams, which are meditational deities representing specific aspects of enlightenment. Yidams are often visualized during meditation practices and are seen as manifestations of the practitioner's own innate wisdom and compassion. Examples of Yidams include Chakrasamvara, Hevajra, and Kalachakra.
Protectors:
These are deities tasked with protecting the teachings of Buddhism and its practitioners. They are often invoked for assistance and guidance, particularly in times of difficulty or danger. Examples of protector deities include Dorje Shugden, Palden Lhamo, and Mahakala.
Dakini:
Dakinis are female wisdom beings who play a crucial role in guiding practitioners along the path to enlightenment. They are often depicted as dancing figures representing the dynamic energy of enlightened consciousness. Dakinis are associated with wisdom, compassion, and the transformation of obstacles into opportunities for spiritual growth.
Encountering these various deities and beings in the bardo is believed to be a reflection of one's own mind and karma. By recognizing their true nature and understanding their symbolic significance, practitioners aim to overcome fear and confusion and attain liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
The Bardo Thodol provides detailed instructions and prayers for invoking these deities and navigating the intermediate state with mindfulness, clarity, and wisdom. It is considered a profound guide for both the dying and the living, offering insights into the nature of reality and the path to enlightenment.
Buddhas and Bodhisattvas:
Alongside the peaceful and wrathful deities, practitioners may also encounter various Buddhas and Bodhisattvas during the bardo. These enlightened beings serve as sources of inspiration, guidance, and refuge for individuals traversing the intermediate state. Buddhas such as Shakyamuni Buddha, the historical Buddha, and Bodhisattvas like Manjushri, the embodiment of wisdom, and Samantabhadra, the embodiment of compassion, are revered figures in Tibetan Buddhism who may appear to practitioners during the bardo.
Guru Rinpoche
(Padmasambhava): Guru Rinpoche, also known as Padmasambhava, holds a significant place in Tibetan Buddhist cosmology and practice. He is credited with bringing Buddhism to Tibet and subduing negative forces obstructing its spread. Guru Rinpoche is often invoked as a powerful guide and protector during the bardo, helping practitioners navigate the intermediate state and guiding them towards enlightenment.
Personal Deities:
In addition to encountering universal deities and enlightened beings, individuals may also encounter personal deities or spiritual guides during the bardo. These personal deities are often associated with specific practices or lineages and serve as sources of support and guidance tailored to the individual's spiritual journey.
Encountering these diverse deities and spiritual figures during the bardo is viewed as an opportunity for practitioners to recognize the true nature of reality, transcend the limitations of ego, and progress along the path to enlightenment. Through meditation, prayer, and spiritual practice, individuals aim to cultivate the qualities embodied by these deities and ultimately attain liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
Wisdom Deities (Jnanasattva):
Within the Vajrayana tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, there's a classification of deities known as wisdom deities. These figures represent the embodiment of specific aspects of enlightened wisdom and are often
depicted in dynamic and intricate forms. Examples include Manjushri, who embodies the wisdom of insight; Vajrapani, representing the wisdom of skillful means; and Vajrasattva, symbolizing the wisdom of purification.
Guardian Deities (Dharmapala):
Dharmapalas are protective deities who safeguard the teachings of Buddhism and its practitioners. They are often depicted in fierce forms, wielding weapons and surrounded by flames, symbolizing their ability to destroy
obstacles and protect against spiritual dangers. Dharmapalas such as Mahakala, Palden Lhamo, and Dorje Shugden are revered figures in Tibetan Buddhism and are invoked for their protective qualities.
Medicine Buddhas:
In Tibetan Buddhism, the Medicine Buddha, or Bhaisajyaguru, is a special manifestation of enlightenment associated with healing and the alleviation of suffering. The Medicine Buddha is often depicted surrounded by a
retinue of healing deities and is invoked for physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Practitioners may invoke the blessings of the Medicine Buddha during the bardo to facilitate healing and purification on all levels of existence.
Primordial Deities:
Within some Tibetan Buddhist teachings, there are references to primordial deities or divine principles that transcend conventional conceptualizations of deity. These
primordial deities, such as the Adibuddha or Samantabhadra, symbolize the ultimate nature of reality and serve as objects of meditation and contemplation for advanced practitioners seeking to realize the non-dual nature of existence.
Encountering these diverse deities and spiritual beings during the bardo is considered an integral part of the journey towards enlightenment in Tibetan Buddhist cosmology. Through skillful means, devotion, and
insight, practitioners aim to navigate the intermediate state with awareness and wisdom, ultimately transcending the cycle of birth and death and attaining liberation.
Nagas:
In Tibetan Buddhist cosmology, nagas are serpent-like beings who inhabit the realms of water and are associated with both worldly and spiritual aspects. They are believed to possess great wisdom and power but can
also be capricious and dangerous if offended. In the context of the bardo, nagas may represent the elemental forces of nature and the subconscious mind, symbolizing the need to navigate through the depths of one's own psyche to attain enlightenment.
Gandharvas and Kinnaras:
Gandharvas and Kinnaras are celestial beings often depicted as musicians and guardians of celestial treasures. In Tibetan Buddhist cosmology, they may symbolize the harmonious integration of
sound and wisdom on the spiritual path. Encountering Gandharvas and Kinnaras during the bardo could represent the potential for accessing higher states of consciousness through the power of sound, mantra, and music.
Yakshas and Rakshasas:
Yakshas and Rakshasas are mythological beings associated with guardianship, fertility, and protection in Indian and Tibetan folklore. In the bardo, they may represent the forces of karma and
the subconscious mind, reflecting the challenges and obstacles one must overcome on the path to enlightenment. By confronting and transforming these inner and outer obstacles, practitioners can progress towards spiritual awakening.
Yamas and Guardians of the Gates:
According to Tibetan Buddhist teachings, there are various guardians who protect the gates between different realms of existence. These guardians, known as Yamas, ensure that individuals proceed on their karmic
journey according to their merit and spiritual development. Meeting these guardians during the bardo signifies the need to purify negative karma and cultivate virtuous qualities to progress along the path of liberation.
Encountering these diverse beings and deities during the bardo is believed to be a reflection of one's own karma, perceptions, and spiritual evolution. By navigating through these encounters with
mindfulness, wisdom, and compassion, practitioners aim to transcend the cycle of suffering and attain ultimate liberation.
Dharma Protectors:
Within Tibetan Buddhism, there are numerous Dharma protectors, or Dharmapalas, who are tasked with safeguarding the teachings of the Buddha and assisting practitioners on their spiritual path. These protectors are often fierce in appearance and possess wrathful qualities, which they employ to subdue obstacles and protect
practitioners from harm. Examples of Dharma protectors include Mahakala, who embodies the power of time and destruction of delusion, and Dorje Shugden, who is considered a guardian of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.
Mara:
Mara is a figure from Buddhist cosmology who represents the forces of delusion, desire, and death. In the context of the bardo, Mara symbolizes the obstacles and distractions that prevent
individuals from attaining enlightenment. Meeting Mara during the bardo serves as a test of one's resolve and commitment to the spiritual path, challenging practitioners to overcome attachment and aversion in order to realize liberation.
Tutelary Deities:
Tutelary deities, also known as personal or guardian deities, are specific spiritual figures that practitioners form a close relationship with through devotion and practice. These deities serve as guides and protectors
on the individual's spiritual journey, offering guidance, blessings, and assistance in times of need. Each practitioner may have their own tutelary deity based on their lineage, tradition, or personal affinity.
Celestial Buddhas and Bodhisattvas:
In addition to the historical Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, Tibetan Buddhism also recognizes the existence of celestial Buddhas and Bodhisattvas who preside over pure lands and realms of enlightenment. These
beings, such as Amitabha Buddha of the Western Pure Land and Akshobhya Buddha of the Eastern Pure Land, embody the qualities of wisdom, compassion, and skillful means, providing inspiration and aspiration for practitioners on the path to liberation.
Encountering these diverse beings and deities during the bardo serves as a reflection of one's own karma, aspirations, and spiritual journey. By navigating through these encounters with wisdom,
compassion, and devotion, practitioners aim to purify negative karma, accumulate merit, and ultimately attain enlightenment.
The Four Guardian Kings:
In Buddhist cosmology, the Four Guardian Kings are celestial beings who protect the four cardinal directions and guard the world from negative influences. These deities are often depicted as majestic figures wielding weapons and wearing armor. In the context of the bardo, they may symbolize the protective forces that guide and support individuals as they navigate the intermediate state.
Dakinis of the Five Buddha Families:
Dakinis are enlightened female beings who embody wisdom and compassion. In Tibetan Buddhism, they are often associated with the Five Buddha Families, each representing different aspects of
enlightened consciousness. Dakinis serve as spiritual guides and messengers, helping practitioners to realize the nature of mind and attain liberation. Encountering Dakinis during the bardo represents the opportunity to connect with the transformative power of wisdom and compassion.
Wisdom Consorts (Yum Chenmo):
Wisdom consorts, or Yum Chenmo, are female deities who symbolize the union of wisdom and compassion. They are often depicted alongside male deities in tantric iconography, representing the
inseparability of wisdom and skillful means in the path to enlightenment. Wisdom consorts play a central role in tantric practices, embodying the union of wisdom and method that leads to spiritual realization.
The Dharmadhatu and Dharmakaya Buddhas:
In Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism, there is a distinction between the formless aspect of enlightenment, known as the Dharmakaya, and the enlightened qualities and activities that manifest in
the world, known as the Dharmadhatu. Encountering the Dharmadhatu and Dharmakaya Buddhas during the bardo represents the recognition of the ultimate nature of reality and the potential for realizing one's own Buddha nature.
Divine Messengers:
In some Buddhist traditions, divine messengers are beings who deliver teachings and guidance to practitioners during moments of spiritual crisis or revelation. These messengers may take various forms, including
celestial beings, animals, or even ordinary individuals. Encountering divine messengers during the bardo signifies the opportunity to receive profound teachings and guidance that can lead to awakening and liberation.
Encountering these diverse deities, beings, and messengers during the bardo is seen as a transformative opportunity for practitioners to purify negative karma, realize their true nature, and progress along the
path to enlightenment. Through mindfulness, devotion, and wisdom, individuals navigate the intermediate state with courage and clarity, ultimately attaining liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
Wisdom Protectors (Jnana Dakini):
Wisdom protectors are enlightened beings who embody the wisdom aspect of enlightenment and serve as guardians of the Dharma. They assist practitioners in their spiritual journey by removing obstacles, dispelling
ignorance, and guiding them towards realization. Wisdom protectors are often depicted in fierce forms, symbolizing their ability to confront and overcome inner and outer challenges on the path to enlightenment.
Wisdom Kings (Myo-o):
Wisdom kings are fierce and wrathful deities in Vajrayana Buddhism who represent the power of enlightened wisdom to subdue obstacles and liberate beings from suffering. They are often depicted with fierce expressions, wielding weapons and surrounded by flames, symbolizing their ability to destroy ignorance
and delusion. Wisdom kings such as Fudo Myoo, Acala, and Yamantaka are revered figures in Japanese and Tibetan Buddhism for their protective and transformative qualities.
The Thirty-Seven Deities of the Mandala:
In tantric Buddhism, particularly in the Vajrayana tradition, practitioners visualize elaborate mandalas populated by numerous deities arranged in intricate patterns. These deities represent different aspects of
enlightenment and serve as objects of meditation and visualization. The Thirty-Seven Deities of the Mandala include Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, Dakinis, and Dharmapalas, each embodying specific qualities and attributes that practitioners aspire to cultivate on their spiritual path.
The Eight Medicine Buddha Deities:
Within Tibetan Buddhism, the Medicine Buddha is often depicted in eight different forms, each representing a specific aspect of healing and spiritual transformation. These eight Medicine Buddha deities are invoked
for their healing blessings and compassionate qualities, offering solace and support to practitioners facing physical, emotional, or spiritual challenges. By meditating on the Medicine Buddha deities, practitioners aspire to cultivate inner peace, well-being, and the alleviation of suffering for oneself and others.
Dharma Siblings (Dharma Senge):
In Tibetan Buddhist practice, individuals often form close spiritual bonds with fellow practitioners who share a common spiritual lineage or teacher. These spiritual companions, known as Dharma siblings,
provide support, encouragement, and inspiration on the path to enlightenment. Encountering Dharma siblings during the bardo represents the continuation of spiritual connections beyond the boundaries of life and death, fostering a sense of community and shared aspiration on the journey towards liberation.
Encountering these diverse spiritual beings and deities during the bardo is considered an essential aspect of the journey towards enlightenment in Tibetan Buddhist cosmology. Through visualization,
meditation, and devotion, practitioners aspire to connect with these enlightened beings, embody their qualities, and realize the ultimate nature of reality.
The Five Wisdom Dakinis:
In Vajrayana Buddhism, the Five Wisdom Dakinis are manifestations of the enlightened wisdom of the Five Buddha Families. Each Dakini represents a particular aspect of wisdom and plays a crucial role in guiding
practitioners along the path to enlightenment. The Five Wisdom Dakinis are associated with the transformation of the five mental afflictions into their corresponding wisdoms, leading to the realization of one's inherent Buddha nature.
Yidam Retinues:
Yidams, or meditational deities, are central figures in tantric Buddhist practice, representing various aspects of enlightened consciousness. Each yidam is accompanied by a retinue of attendant deities, offering
guidance, protection, and support to practitioners during meditation and visualization practices. These retinues may include Bodhisattvas, Dakinis, Dharma Protectors, and other enlightened beings, symbolizing the vast array of qualities and attributes present within the enlightened mind.
Protectors of the Lineage:
Within Tibetan Buddhist lineages, there are specific deities and spiritual guardians entrusted with protecting the lineage teachings and lineage holders. These protectors play a vital role in safeguarding the
authenticity and integrity of the teachings, ensuring their transmission from one generation to the next. Practitioners invoke the blessings of lineage protectors during the bardo to receive guidance and support in maintaining their commitment to the spiritual path.
The Sixteen Arhats:
The Sixteen Arhats are revered figures in Mahayana Buddhism who are said to have attained enlightenment through the teachings of the Buddha. These enlightened beings are believed to reside in the heavenly realms,
offering spiritual guidance and protection to practitioners on the path to liberation. The Sixteen Arhats are often depicted in art and iconography, each with their own distinctive attributes and qualities representing different aspects of the enlightened mind.
The Guru Yoga Deities:
Guru Yoga is a central practice in Tibetan Buddhism that involves cultivating a deep connection with one's spiritual teacher, or guru, as a means of attaining enlightenment. In Guru Yoga practice, practitioners
visualize themselves merging with the guru and invoke the blessings of lineage masters and enlightened beings. These guru yoga deities serve as embodiments of the guru's wisdom, compassion, and enlightened qualities, guiding practitioners on the path to realization.
Encountering these diverse spiritual beings and deities during the bardo offers practitioners opportunities for purification, transformation, and spiritual growth. By cultivating devotion, wisdom, and
compassion, individuals navigate the intermediate state with courage and clarity, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
The Twenty-One Taras:
Tara is a female deity revered in Tibetan Buddhism for her compassionate and swift-acting nature. She is considered the embodiment of enlightened activity and is often invoked for protection, guidance, and the swift removal of obstacles. The Twenty-One Taras are different manifestations of Tara,
each with their own specific attributes and qualities, offering assistance in various aspects of life and spiritual practice. Practitioners recite prayers and mantras to invoke the blessings of Tara and her Twenty-One manifestations for support and protection during the bardo and throughout life.
The Eight Auspicious Symbols:
In Tibetan Buddhism, the Eight Auspicious Symbols, also known as the Ashtamangala, are a set of symbols that represent the qualities of the enlightened mind and the path to liberation. These symbols include the endless knot, the lotus flower, the treasure vase, the conch shell, the victory banner, the dharma wheel, the
golden fish, and the parasol. Each symbol carries deep symbolic meaning and is believed to bring
blessings, prosperity, and spiritual fulfillment to those who encounter them. During the bardo, the Eight Auspicious Symbols serve as reminders of the path to enlightenment and the auspicious qualities inherent in all beings.
The Four Harmonious Friends:
The Four Harmonious Friends are a popular motif in Tibetan Buddhist art and literature, symbolizing cooperation, harmony, and mutual respect. The story of the Four Harmonious Friends originates from the Buddhist scriptures and illustrates the importance of working together and respecting one another's contributions on the [[path to
enlightenment]]. The Four Harmonious Friends are depicted as a hierarchy of beings—elephant, monkey, hare, and bird—working together to achieve a common goal, symbolizing the unity of different beings in the pursuit of spiritual progress.
The Seven Royal Emblems:
The Royal Emblems, also known as the Seven Precious Possessions or the Seven Jewels of the Chakravartin, are symbols of royalty and spiritual sovereignty in Buddhist cosmology. These emblems include the precious wheel, the precious jewel, the precious queen, the precious
minister, the precious elephant, the precious horse, and the precious general. In the context of the bardo, the Seven Royal Emblems represent the qualities of enlightened rulership and spiritual
leadership, inspiring practitioners to cultivate wisdom, compassion, and skillful means in their own lives.
Encountering these diverse symbols and motifs during the bardo serves as reminders of the path to enlightenment and the inherent potential for awakening present within all beings. Through mindfulness,
devotion, and wisdom, individuals navigate the intermediate state with courage and clarity, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining liberation from suffering.
The Four Celestial Kings:
In Buddhist cosmology, the Four Heavenly Kings are guardians of the four cardinal directions and protectors of the world. They are often depicted as powerful deities, each with their own unique attributes and responsibilities. The Four Celestial Kings are Dhritarashtra (guardian of the east), Virudhaka (guardian of the south), Virupaksha (guardian of the west), and Vaishravana (guardian of the north). In the context of the bardo, encountering the Four Celestial Kings may symbolize the protection and guidance offered to practitioners as they navigate the intermediate state.
The Ten Wrathful Deities:
In some Tibetan Buddhist traditions, there is a set of ten wrathful deities known as the Ten Great Protectors. These deities represent the power of enlightened awareness to overcome ignorance and delusion. Each deity embodies specific qualities and attributes, such as wrathful compassion, wisdom, and skillful means, and is invoked for protection and assistance in spiritual practice. The Ten Wrathful Deities are often visualized during meditation practices as a means of purifying negative emotions and obstacles on the path to enlightenment.
The Four Female Gatekeepers (Goddesses of the Cardinal Directions):
In Tibetan Buddhist cosmology, there are four female gatekeepers who protect the entrances to the realms of existence. These goddesses are associated with the cardinal directions and serve as guardians of the Dharma, ensuring that beings enter the appropriate realm
according to their karma and spiritual development. The Four Female Gatekeepers are Dhupa (east), Shangpa (south), Sengedongma (west), and Lhamo (north). Encountering these gatekeepers during the bardo signifies the need for ethical conduct, mindfulness, and wisdom in navigating the realms of existence.
The Eight Close Sons of Buddha:
According to Mahayana Buddhist teachings, there are eight close disciples of the historical Buddha Shakyamuni who attained enlightenment and became arhats. These disciples are known for their wisdom, compassion, and dedication to the Dharma. The Eight Close Sons of Buddha are Mahakashyapa, Shariputra, Maudgalyayana, Subhuti, Purna, Katyayana, Aniruddha, and Upali. Encountering these
enlightened beings during the bardo serves as a reminder of the potential for spiritual awakening and liberation inherent within all beings.
Encountering these diverse deities, guardians, and enlightened beings during the bardo offers practitioners opportunities for purification, transformation, and spiritual growth. By cultivating mindfulness,
devotion, and wisdom, individuals navigate the intermediate state with courage and clarity, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
The Four Great Kings of the World:
Similar to the Celestial Kings, the Four Great Kings of the World are revered in Buddhist cosmology as guardians and protectors of the world. They are often depicted as powerful deities residing at the base of Mount Meru,
the center of the Buddhist universe. The Four Great Kings are Dhritarashtra (Guardian of the East), Virudhaka (Guardian of the South), Virupaksha (Guardian of the West), and Vaishravana ([[Guardian of the
North]]). In addition to safeguarding the world, they are also associated with protecting the teachings of Buddhism and supporting practitioners on their spiritual journey.
The Eight Garuda Kings:
The Garuda is a mythical bird-like creature in Hindu and Buddhist mythology, often depicted as a powerful and noble being. In Tibetan Buddhism, there are eight Garuda kings who are revered for their strength,
wisdom, and protective qualities. The Eight Garuda Kings are invoked for protection against negative forces and obstacles, particularly during rituals and ceremonies aimed at dispelling spiritual disturbances and promoting well-being.
The Twenty-One Kings of Shambhala:
Shambhala is a legendary kingdom in Tibetan Buddhist tradition believed to be a realm of spiritual purity and enlightenment. According to prophecy, the twenty-five rulers of Shambhala, known as the
Twenty-One Kings, will emerge from the kingdom to spread the teachings of compassion and wisdom during times of darkness and upheaval. Encountering the Twenty-One Kings of Shambhala during the bardo may
symbolize the potential for spiritual renewal and the emergence of enlightened leadership in the world.
The Seven Princes of the Heavenly Realms:
In some Buddhist scriptures and cosmological texts, there are references to seven celestial princes who reside in the heavenly realms. These princes are associated with various aspects of virtuous conduct, spiritual practice, and the attainment of enlightenment. Encountering the Seven Princes of the Heavenly Realms during
the bardo may symbolize the opportunity for spiritual progress and the cultivation of virtuous qualities that lead to [[[higher rebirths]] and ultimate liberation.
Encountering these diverse celestial beings, guardians, and rulers during the bardo provides practitioners with opportunities for spiritual growth, purification, and liberation. By cultivating devotion, wisdom, and compassion, individuals navigate the intermediate state with courage and clarity, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining enlightenment.
The Sixteen Arhats (Solitary Realizers):
The Sixteen Arhats are enlightened beings in Mahayana Buddhism who have achieved liberation from the cycle of birth and death through their own efforts and insight. They are revered for their wisdom, compassion, and ability to guide practitioners on the path to enlightenment. The Sixteen Arhats are often depicted in art
and iconography, each with their own distinctive attributes and qualities representing different aspects of the enlightened mind. Encountering the Sixteen Arhats during the bardo serves as a reminder of the potential for spiritual liberation and the importance of cultivating virtue, wisdom, and compassion.
The Thirty-Three Heavens
In Buddhist cosmology, the Thirty-Three Heavens are celestial realms inhabited by gods and divine beings who enjoy immense pleasure and bliss. These heavenly realms are said to be the abodes of beings who have accumulated vast merit through virtuous actions and spiritual practice.
Encountering the Thirty-Three Heavens during the bardo may symbolize the karmic consequences of virtuous deeds and the potential for rebirth in higher realms of existence through the accumulation of merit and wisdom.
The Pure Lands
Pure Lands are celestial realms in Mahayana Buddhism that are characterized by purity, bliss, and the absence of suffering. These realms are presided over by enlightened Buddhas and Bodhisattvas who guide beings towards enlightenment. Pure Lands, such as Sukhavati (the Pure Land of Amitabha Buddha) and
Tushita (the Pure Land of Maitreya Bodhisattva), are considered ideal environments for spiritual practice and the attainment of enlightenment. Encountering the Pure Lands during the bardo
signifies the aspiration for rebirth in these realms of ultimate happiness and spiritual fulfillment.
The Ten Directions:
In Buddhist cosmology, space is divided into ten directions, including the four cardinal directions (east, south, west, north), the four intermediate directions (southeast, southwest, northwest, northeast), the zenith (above), and the nadir (below). Each direction is associated with
specific qualities, deities, and symbolic meanings. Encountering the Ten Directions during the bardo represents the boundless expanse of reality and the interconnectedness of all phenomena, transcending conventional notions of time and space.
Encountering these diverse celestial realms, enlightened beings, and symbolic representations during the bardo offers practitioners opportunities for spiritual reflection, aspiration, and transformation. By cultivating mindfulness, wisdom, and compassion, individuals navigate the
intermediate state with clarity and purpose, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
The Seven Jewels of a Universal Monarch (Chakravartin):
In Buddhist cosmology, a Universal Monarch, or Chakravartin, is a legendary ruler who possesses supreme power and authority over the world. The Seven Jewels of a Universal Monarch are symbolic representations of the wealth and prosperity associated with royal rulership. These jewels
include the wheel of sovereignty, the precious elephant, the precious horse, the precious queen, the precious minister, the precious general, and the treasure vase.
Encountering the Seven Jewels of a Universal Monarch during the bardo signifies the transient nature of worldly power and the importance of cultivating inner wealth through spiritual practice.
The Four Great Rivers:
In Buddhist cosmology, there are four great rivers that flow from the center of the universe, Mount Meru, and nourish the world. These rivers are believed to be sources of abundance, vitality, and spiritual purification. The Four Great Rivers are the Ganges ([[Wikipedia:Ganga
(goddess)|Ganga]]), the Yamuna, the Indus, and the Sarasvati. Encountering the Four Great Rivers during the bardo represents the auspiciousness of spiritual purification and the flow of blessings from enlightened beings and divine realms.
The Seven Treasure Trees:
According to Buddhist mythology, there are seven precious trees that grow in the celestial realms and bear fruit of immense value. These treasure trees are believed to fulfill the wishes of those who encounter them and symbolize spiritual abundance and prosperity.
The Seven Treasure Trees include the wish-fulfilling tree
(kalpa-vriksha), the tree of jewels (mani-parigha),
the tree of abundance (mahapadma), the tree of purity (pundarika),
the tree of sustenance (vyaghra-pada),
the tree of enlightenment (abhyudgata),
and the tree of merit (punya-vrksa).
Encountering the Seven Treasure Trees during the bardo signifies the fulfillment of spiritual aspirations and the abundance of merit and wisdom.
The Ten Virtues of a Universal Monarch:
In Buddhist scripture, a Universal Monarch, or Chakravartin, is praised for possessing ten virtues that contribute to the welfare and harmony of the world.
These virtues include
ethical conduct,
determination, and
Encountering the Ten Virtues of a Universal Monarch during the bardo serves as a reminder of the importance of cultivating virtuous qualities on the path to enlightenment and benefiting others through compassionate action.
Encountering these diverse symbols and motifs during the bardo offers practitioners opportunities for spiritual reflection, aspiration, and transformation. By cultivating mindfulness, wisdom, and
compassion, individuals navigate the intermediate state with clarity and purpose, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
The Twelve Heavenly Generals:
In Mahayana Buddhism, the Twelve Heavenly Generals are revered as protectors of the Dharma and guardians of the Buddha's teachings. These generals are believed to lead celestial armies in defense of the Dharma and the spiritual welfare of beings. The Twelve Heavenly Generals are often depicted in art and
iconography, each with their own distinctive attributes and roles in protecting the Buddhist teachings. Encountering the Twelve Heavenly Generals during the bardo signifies the protective forces that guide and support practitioners on the path to enlightenment.
The Seven Stars of the Big Dipper:
In some Buddhist traditions, the seven stars of the Big Dipper constellation hold symbolic significance and are associated with auspicious qualities and celestial beings. The Big Dipper is often used as a celestial marker in Buddhist cosmology, guiding practitioners in their
spiritual journey and symbolizing the path to enlightenment. Encountering the Seven Stars of the Big Dipper during the bardo represents the auspiciousness of spiritual guidance and the luminous qualities of awakened awareness.
The Eight Minor Nagas:
Nagas are serpent-like beings in Buddhist mythology, often associated with water, fertility, and protection. In addition to major nagas, there are also minor nagas who serve various roles in the celestial hierarchy. The Eight Minor Nagas are revered for their protective qualities and are often invoked for
blessings and assistance in overcoming obstacles. Encountering the Eight Minor Nagas during the bardo signifies the need for spiritual purification and the transformation of negative energies into sources of wisdom and compassion.
The Eight Auspicious Offerings:
In Tibetan Buddhist practice, offerings play a significant role in spiritual rituals and ceremonies as expressions of devotion, gratitude, and merit accumulation. The Eight Auspicious Offerings, also known as the Eight External Offerings, are symbolic
representations of the qualities of enlightenment and are offered to enlightened beings as acts of homage and supplication. The Eight Auspicious Offerings include water for drinking, water for washing,
flowers, incense, light, perfume, food, and music. Encountering the Eight Auspicious Offerings during the bardo signifies the merit and positive karma accumulated through virtuous actions and offerings in one's lifetime.
Encountering these diverse celestial beings, symbols, and offerings during the bardo offers practitioners opportunities for spiritual purification, transformation, and merit accumulation. By cultivating
mindfulness, devotion, and wisdom, individuals navigate the intermediate state with clarity and purpose, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
The Five Manifestations of Enlightened Activity (Panchakarma):
In Vajrayana Buddhism, the enlightened activity of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas is said to manifest in five main ways, known as the Five Manifestations of Enlightened Activity. These manifestations include peaceful activity,
increasing activity, powerful activity, wrathful activity, and the activity of spontaneously accomplishing enlightened activity. Each manifestation serves specific purposes in benefiting
beings and guiding them along the path to enlightenment. Encountering the Five Manifestations of Enlightened Activity during the bardo signifies the multifaceted nature of enlightened wisdom and compassion.
The Five Bodhisattva Families (Pancakula):
In Vajrayana Buddhism, the Five Bodhisattva Families represent different aspects of enlightened wisdom and compassion. Each Bodhisattva Family is associated with a particular Buddha and embodies specific
qualities and attributes. The Five Bodhisattva Families include the Vajra Family (associated with Akshobhya Buddha), the Ratna Family (associated with Ratnasambhava Buddha), the Padma Family (associated with
Amitabha Buddha), the Karma Family (associated with Amoghasiddhi Buddha), and the Buddha Family (associated with Vairochana Buddha). Encountering the Five Bodhisattva Families during the bardo signifies the potential for awakening the qualities of enlightenment within oneself.
The Eight Bodhisattva Vows:
In Mahayana Buddhism, aspiring Bodhisattvas take vows to cultivate compassion, wisdom, and altruism for the benefit of all beings. The Eight Bodhisattva Vows outline ethical guidelines and commitments that Bodhisattvas undertake on the path to enlightenment. These vows include refraining from harmful actions,
cultivating virtues, practicing generosity, and dedicating oneself to the welfare of others. Encountering the Eight Bodhisattva Vows during the bardo serves as a reminder of the Bodhisattva's altruistic aspirations and the importance of compassionate action in one's spiritual practice.
The Four Immeasurables (Brahmaviharas):
The Four Immeasurables are a set of virtues and meditative practices taught in Buddhism to cultivate boundless love, compassion, joy, and equanimity towards all beings. These qualities are considered essential for overcoming selfishness, hatred, and attachment and for attaining enlightenment. The
Four Immeasurables are practiced as part of the path to cultivate a mind of limitless kindness and benevolence. Encountering the Four Immeasurables during the bardo signifies the importance of cultivating universal love and compassion as antidotes to suffering and ignorance.
Encountering these diverse teachings, virtues, and practices during the bardo offers practitioners opportunities for spiritual growth, transformation, and awakening. By cultivating mindfulness, devotion, and
wisdom, individuals navigate the intermediate state with clarity and purpose, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
The Six Perfections (Paramitas):
The Six Perfections are virtues or practices cultivated by Bodhisattvas on the path to enlightenment in Mahayana Buddhism. These perfections include generosity, ethical conduct, patience, joyful effort, concentration, and wisdom. Bodhisattvas aspire to perfect these qualities to benefit
all sentient beings and attain Buddhahood. Encountering the Six Perfections during the bardo serves as a reminder of the importance of cultivating these virtues for spiritual progress and the alleviation of suffering.
The Seven Factors of Enlightenment (Bojjhanga):
In Buddhist teachings, the Seven Factors of Enlightenment are qualities or mental factors that lead to awakening and liberation. These factors include mindfulness, investigation of phenomena, energy, joy, tranquility, concentration, and equanimity. Practitioners cultivate these factors through
meditation and mindfulness practices to overcome obstacles and realize the nature of reality. Encountering the Seven Factors of Enlightenment during the bardo signifies the potential for spiritual awakening and the path to liberation through the development of these qualities.
The Four Dhyanas (Jhanas):
The Four Dhyanas are states of deep meditative absorption described in Buddhist scriptures as stages of mental development leading to higher states of consciousness. These states are characterized by tranquility, concentration, and profound insights into the nature of reality. Practitioners cultivate the Four Dhyanas
through meditation practice to overcome mental hindrances and attain deep states of concentration. Encountering the Four Dhyanas during the bardo signifies the potential for spiritual transformation and the cultivation of meditative absorption as a means of realizing enlightenment.
The Four Formless Realms (Arupa-dhatu):
In Buddhist cosmology, the Four Formless Realms are states of existence characterized by formlessness, boundlessness, and mental absorption. These realms are higher states of consciousness beyond the material world, where beings dwell in states of deep meditative absorption. Practitioners aspire to attain these [[formless
realms]] through meditation practice to transcend the limitations of physical existence and attain liberation. Encountering the Four Formless Realms during the bardo signifies the potential for spiritual progress and the attainment of higher states of consciousness beyond ordinary perception.
Encountering these diverse teachings, practices, and states of consciousness during the bardo offers practitioners opportunities for spiritual growth, insight, and liberation. By cultivating mindfulness, wisdom, and
compassion, individuals navigate the intermediate state with clarity and purpose, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
The Four Noble Truths (Arya Satya):
The Four Noble Truths are foundational teachings of Buddhism elucidated by Gautama Buddha upon his enlightenment. They include the truth of suffering (dukkha), the truth of the origin of suffering
(samudaya), the truth of the cessation of suffering (nirodha), and the truth of the path leading to the cessation of suffering (magga). Encountering the Four Noble Truths during the bardo serves as a profound reminder of the nature of existence, the causes of suffering, and the path to liberation.
The Noble Eightfold Path (Arya Ashtangika Marga): The Noble Eightfold Path is the core path of Buddhist practice, leading to the cessation of suffering and the attainment of enlightenment.
It consists of eight interconnected factors:
right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
Encountering the Noble Eightfold Path during the bardo signifies the importance of ethical conduct, mental discipline, and wisdom in the pursuit of spiritual awakening.
The Three Marks of Existence (Tri-lakshana):
The Three Marks of Existence are fundamental truths about the nature of reality taught in Buddhism. They include impermanence (anitya), suffering (dukkha), and non-self (anatman). These marks characterize the conditioned existence of all phenomena and serve as insights into the nature of existence and the
root causes of suffering. Encountering the Three Marks of Existence during the bardo offers practitioners profound insights into the nature of reality and the impermanent, unsatisfactory, and selfless nature of phenomena.
The Three Higher Trainings (Tri-shiksha):
The Three Higher Trainings are key practices in Buddhist spiritual development aimed at overcoming ignorance and achieving liberation. They include the training in moral discipline (shila), the training in concentration (samadhi), and the training in wisdom (prajna). These trainings
are cultivated through ethical conduct, meditative absorption, and insight practices. Encountering the Three Higher Trainings during the bardo signifies the importance of ethical living, mental cultivation, and wisdom in the pursuit of spiritual awakening.
Encountering these fundamental teachings and practices of Buddhism during the bardo offers practitioners profound opportunities for reflection, insight, and spiritual growth. By cultivating mindfulness,
wisdom, and compassion, individuals navigate the intermediate state with clarity and purpose, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
The Five Precepts (Pancha Sila):
The Five Precepts are ethical guidelines observed by lay Buddhists to abstain from harmful actions and cultivate wholesome conduct.
They include refraining from
and intoxicants that cloud the mind.
Observing the Five Precepts promotes harmony, compassion,
and mindfulness in daily life. Encountering the Five Precepts during the bardo serves as a reminder of the importance of ethical conduct in shaping one's karma and spiritual journey.
The Ten Wholesome Actions (Dashakusala-karma):
In addition to the Five Precepts, Buddhists are encouraged to cultivate positive actions that promote well-being and spiritual growth. The Ten Wholesome Actions include refraining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, divisive speech, harsh
speech, idle gossip, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views. Practicing the Ten Wholesome Actions fosters virtuous qualities and supports progress on the path to enlightenment. Encountering the Ten Wholesome Actions during the bardo reinforces the importance of virtuous conduct in creating favorable conditions for spiritual development.
The Four Brahmaviharas (Divine Abodes):
The Four Brahmaviharas are;
sublime states of mind cultivated in Buddhist practice to develop boundless love, compassion, empathetic joy, and equanimity towards all beings.
These qualities are considered essential for overcoming self-centeredness, cultivating wholesome relationships, and
attaining liberation. Encountering the Four Brahmaviharas during the bardo signifies the cultivation of universal love and compassion as antidotes to suffering and sources of profound spiritual fulfillment.
The Five Hindrances (Pancha Nivarana):
In Buddhist meditation practice, practitioners strive to overcome five mental hindrances that obstruct progress on the path to enlightenment. These hindrances include sensual desire, ill will, sloth and torpor, restlessness and worry, and doubt. Overcoming the Five Hindrances allows for the [[development of
concentration]], insight, and wisdom. Encountering the Five Hindrances during the bardo serves as a reminder of the importance of cultivating mental clarity and stability in overcoming obstacles to spiritual realization.
Encountering these ethical guidelines, virtuous actions, and mental qualities during the bardo offers practitioners opportunities for moral reflection, self-transformation, and spiritual progress. By
cultivating mindfulness, compassion, and wisdom, individuals navigate the intermediate state with clarity and purpose, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
The Four Right Efforts (Samma Vayama):
In Buddhist teachings, the Four Right Efforts are essential aspects of the Noble Eightfold Path aimed at cultivating wholesome qualities and overcoming unwholesome tendencies. These efforts include the effort to prevent unwholesome states from arising, the effort to abandon unwholesome states that have
arisen, the effort to cultivate wholesome states that have not yet arisen, and the effort to maintain and enhance wholesome states that have already arisen. Practicing the Four Right Efforts leads to the purification
of the mind and the attainment of liberation. Encountering the Four Right Efforts during the bardo signifies the importance of diligent effort in spiritual practice and the transformation of unwholesome tendencies into virtuous qualities.
The Five Aggregates (Skandhas):
The Five Aggregates are fundamental components of human existence according to Buddhist philosophy. They include form (rupa), feeling (vedana), perception (sanna), mental formations (sankhara), and consciousness (vijnana). These aggregates constitute the basis of personal [[Wikipedia:Identity (social
science)|identity]] and the conditioned nature of reality. Encountering the Five Aggregates during the bardo offers practitioners insights into the impermanent, unsatisfactory, and selfless nature of phenomena, leading to liberation from attachment and suffering.
The Twelve Links of Dependent Origination (Pratityasamutpada):
Dependent Origination is a key teaching in Buddhism that elucidates the causal chain of existence and the cycle of birth and death. The Twelve Links of Dependent Origination describe the sequence of causes and conditions leading to the arising of suffering and the cycle of rebirth. These links include ignorance,
volitional formations, consciousness, name and form, the six sense bases, contact, feeling, craving, clinging, becoming, birth, and aging and death. Encountering the [[Twelve Links of Dependent
Origination]] during the bardo offers practitioners insights into the root causes of suffering and the cessation of the cycle of rebirth through the cessation of ignorance.
The Seven Factors of Awakening (Bojjhanga):
The Seven Factors of Awakening are mental qualities cultivated in Buddhist practice to develop insight, tranquility, and liberation. These factors include mindfulness, investigation of phenomena, energy, joy, tranquility, concentration, and equanimity. Practitioners cultivate these factors through
meditation and mindfulness practices to overcome obstacles and realize the nature of reality. Encountering the Seven Factors of Awakening during the bardo signifies the potential for spiritual awakening and the path to liberation through the development of these qualities.
Encountering these profound teachings, insights, and practices during the bardo offers practitioners opportunities for profound transformation, insight, and liberation. By cultivating mindfulness, wisdom, and
compassion, individuals navigate the intermediate state with clarity and purpose, ultimately realizing the true nature of reality and attaining liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
