The First Dodrubchen, Jigme Trinle Wozer

The First Dodrubchen Jigme Trinle Wozer ('jigs med 'phrin las 'od zer) was born in the Do valley in Golok, into the Mukpo clan (smug po gdong). His father was Bochung Sonko (bo chung zon kho) and his mother was Sonam Tso (bsod nams 'tso). He took his refuge vow with the Second Shechen Rabjam, Gyurme Kunzang Namgyel (zhe chen rab 'jams 02 'gyur med kun bzang rnam rgyal, 1713-1769), who gave him the name Kunzang Zhenpen (kun bzang gzhan phan). He joined Gochen Monastery (dgo chen), a branch of Pelyul Monastery (dpal yul), receiving the name Sonam Choden (bsod nams chos ldan) and studied with Sherab Rinchen (shes rab rin chen), a student of the second abbot of Pelyul, Lhundrub Gyatso (lhun grub rgya mtsho).

At twenty-one Jigme Trinle Wozer left for an extensive pilgrimage in U-Tsang, passing through Derge and receiving teachings from the Eighth Tai Situ Chokyi Jungne (si tu 08 chos kyi 'byung gnas) before he left. At Dakla Gampo (dwags lha sgam po) he studied with the Fifth Gampopa Jampel Trinle Wangpo (sgam po pa 05 'jam dpal 'phrin las dbang po) and Damcho Wangchuk (dam chos dbang phyug), training in Chod in a local charnel ground. From there he went on pilgrimage to Tsari, Samye, and other holy sites in Tibet.

Returning to Kham he studied with Shechen Rabjam, the First Karma Kuchen Karma Gyurme (karma sku chen 01 kar ma 'gyur med, 1728-1790) of Pelyul, and Dzogchen Jewon Pema Kundrol Namgyel (rje dbon padma kun grol rnam rgyal, 1706-1773). At the age of twenty-five, in order to return to fulfill family obligations, he resided in Golok for five years, until a powerful sense of renunciation of householder life drove him back to his masters.

At the age of thirty, at Dzogchen Monastery (rdzogs chen dgon), Jigme Trinle Wozer received the Khandro Nyingtik (mkha' 'gro snying thig) from the Second Dzogchen Ponlob Pema Sang-ngak Tendzin (rdzogs chen dpon slob 02 pad+ma gsang sngags bstan 'dzin), and set off for a second pilgrimage to Tibet. At Tsurpu (mtshur phu) he received the name Karma Wangtrak (karma dbang grags) from the Thirteenth Karmapa Dundul Dorje (kar+ma pa 13 bdud 'dul rdo rje).

Back at Dzogchen he entered a four-year retreat at Gangtro Wokma (gangs khro 'og ma), in a cave known as Tsering Puk (tshe rin phug) practicing Jatson Nyingpo's ('ja' tshon snying po, 1585-1656) Konchok Chidu (kon mchog phyi 'dus) and other teachings; the cave earned its name due to a visitation by the goddess Tseringma (tshe ring ma), who brought him yogurt to sustain him. It was a retreat marked with terrifying visions and physical hardships, after which he moved to a cave known as Shinje Puk (gshin rje phug), where he practiced Ratna Lingpa's (rat+na gling pa, 1403-1479) Vajrakīlaya treasure cycles and Cakrasaṃvara in the Takpo tradition. This cave earned its name due to a vision Jigme Trinle Wozer had of Yama, and his drawing of the Yama mantra in the stone wall of the cave.

Following this second retreat the Third Dzogchen Drubwang, Ngedon Tendzin Zangpo (rdzogs chen 03 nges don bstan 'dzin bzang po, 1759-1792) gave Jigme Trinle Wozer the transmission of Terton Nyima Drakpa's (gter ston nyi ma grags pa, 1647-1710) Tsasum Sangwa Nyingtik (rtsa gsum gsang ba rnying thig), which he practiced in a short retreat. The master also gave him a copy of Jigme Lingpa's ('jigs med gling pa, c.1730-1798) exegesis of Nyingma theory and practice, Treasury of Enlightened Qualities (yon tan mdzod). Inspired with devotion to its author, Trinle Wozer set off a third time to Tibet where, in 1786, at the age of forty-one, he met his guru.

Jigme Lingpa recognized in the new disciple his principle heir for his Longchen Nyingtik (klong chen snying thig) revelation. He bestowed upon him the name for which he became best known, Jigme Trinle Wozer and entrusted him with numerous other transmissions, such as the Lama Gongdu (bla ma dgongs 'dus) and his own compositions.

During this time Jigme Trinle Wozer also met Jigme Gyelwai Nyugu ('jigs med rgyal ba'i myu gu, 1765-1842) and encouraged him to study with Jigme Lingpa. The two disciples travelled with Jigme Lingpa to Tsang and back to Lhasa, a journey during which Trinle Wozer fell seriously ill. Returning to Kham after another visit to Jigme Lingpa, he began to transmit the Longchen Nyingtik there, giving them for the first time to the Third Dzogchen Negdon Tendzin Zangpo and Second Dzogchen Ponlob, Pema Sangngag Tendzin (rdzogs chen dpon slob 02 pad+ma gsang sngags bstan 'dzin, 1735-1810). At the request of the chieftess of Do, Akyongza Peldzom, he laid the foundation for a monastery at Shugden Tago, also known as Drodun Lhundrub, not far from the present Dodrubchen Monastery (rdo grub chen dgon).

On his fourth and last journey to Tibet he traveled with another of Jigme Lingpa's close students, Jigme Ngotsar ('jigs med ngo mtshar), the first Kilung (ki lung). At Jigme Lingpa's residence Tsering Jong (tshe ring ljongs), Trinle Wozer received many more transmissions from his teacher, and together they made a pilgrimage to Samye Monastery. There they made offerings together, and Trinle Wozer renewed his bodhisattva vows with Jigme Lingpa.

This last journey might have been taken together with the Derge royal family. The young King Kundrub Dega Zangpo, (kun 'grub bde dga' bzang po), popularly known as Sawang Zangpo (sa dbang bzang po) and Queen Tsewang Lhamo (tshe dbang lha mo, d.c. 1712) went on pilgrimage to Tibet in 1788. When Jigme Lingpa learned of the royal party's intention to meet him at the retreat center of Chimpu (mchums phu) Jigme Lingpa arranged to meet the party at Samye instead, a better venue for such a large and prestigious group of visitors. Jigme Lingpa gave them condensed teachings and noted that the queen was “very intelligent, with good propensities”.

Following the death of Sawang Zangpo two years later his widow assumed power in Derge and ruled for eight years as regent for her son, Tsewang Dorje Rigdzin (tshe dbang rdo rje rig 'dzin), positioning Jigme Lingpa and Jigme Trinle Wozer as her close religious advisors. Scholars previously believed that the Queen's selection of Nyingma lamas created considerable tension in Dege, given the court's traditional embrace of the Sakya tradition. However, there is no evidence that Tsewang Lhamo or Jigme Trinle Wozer were ever forced out of the capital; the Queen continued to rule until her death in 1812 or 1813, and Jigme Trinle Wozer successfully represented the court in several transactions across Kham.

Jigme Trinle Wozer also served the government of Tibet. In 1791, in the face of an immanent invasion by the Nepalese Gurkha, the Ganden Podrang requested that he perform rites to avert harm. Dodrubchen performed a smoke offering and a wrathful ritual on Hepori Hill at Samye. Although the Gurkhas had effectively been repelled by an army from Beijing, he was credited for his work and hailed as the Mahasiddha from Do, Dodrubchen.

In Kham he was often accompanied by Jigme Lingpa's other main disciple, Jigme Gyelwei Nyugu. In addition to his work in Derge he also served the chieftains in Amdo, including King Chingwang Ngawang Dargye (ching wang ngag dbang dar rgyas), a guru to Zhabkar Tsogdrog Rangdrol.

He established three religious centers. The first was Shukchen Takgo Rupen Dedrodun Ling (shugs chen stag mgo ru phan bde 'gro don gling) in his birthplace in the Do valley. In 1810 he established his second, Pemako Tsasum Khandroi Ling (yar lung pad+ma bkod kyi sgrub sde) at Drakchen Yarlung in Serta (gser rta brag chen), where he lived out the later part of his life. The third was Arik Ragya Monastery, north of Tsasum Khandroi Ling on the banks of the Yellow River, which he restored. At Arik Ragya he established a Cho retreat center called Garlung, which was designed to subjugate the demon responsible for the monastery's previous decline.

Among the disciples of Jigme Trinle Wozer was the mind reincarnation of his own guru Jigme Lingpa. Trinle Wozer himself recognized the boy who would later be known as Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje (do mkhyen rtse ye shes rdo rje, 1800-1866) Trinle Wozer also confirmed the recognition of the infant Dza Patrul Orgyen Jigme Chokyi Wangpo (rdza dpal sprul o rgyan 'jigs med chos kyi dbang po, 1808-1887).

Dodrubchen revealed many teachings as mind treasures under the title of The Excellent Path of Supreme Joy, the Holy Teachings (dam chos bde chen lam mchog), and wrote commentaries and texts, including a concise commentary on Jigme Lingpa's Yonten Dzod.

At the age of seventy-seven, on the thirteenth day of the first Tibetan month, he left his body, while clearly describing to his students what he was experiencing. After his cremation there were numerous relics, which were kept in a golden stupa at Dodrubchen Monastery until its destruction in the 1950s.

Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje identified the reincarnation of Jigme Trinle Wozer, Jigme Puntsok Jungne ('jigs med phun tshogs 'byung gnas, c.1825-c.1860).

Ron Garry has a Ph.D. in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism and an M.A. in integral psychotherapy.

Published August 2007

རྡོ་གྲུབ་ཆེན ༠༡ འཇིགས་མེད་འཕྲིན་ལས་འོད་ཟེར།

The First Dodrubchen, Jigme Trinle Wozer

b.1745 - d.1821

BDRC P293

AUTHOR

Ron Garry

TRADITION

Nyingma

INCARNATION LINE

Dodrubchen

SUBSEQUENT INCARNATIONS

The Second Dodrubchen, Jigme Puntsok Jungne The Third Dodrubchen, Jigme Tenpai Nyima

TEACHERS

Jigme Lingpa The Second Zhechen Rabjam, Gyurme Kunzang Namgyel a ti bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan The Third Dzogchen Drubwang, Ngedon Tendzin Zangpo Namkha Tsewang Chokdrub bkra shis rgya mtsho pad+ma kun grol rnam rgyal Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje

STUDENTS

The Fourth Dzogchen Drubwang, Mingyur Namkhai Dorje Guru Tashi The Forty-Fourth Ngor Khenchen, Jampa Namkha Chime Jigme Ngotsar Gyatso Sengdruk Pema Tashi ngag gi dbang po 'gyur med tshe dbang mchog grub dam tshig rdo rje Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje Gyelse Zhenpen Taye Wozer Jigme Gyelwai Nyugu 'jigs med go cha ngag dbang chos rgyal rdzogs chen dpon slob 03 chos kyi seng+ge ngag dbang chos 'byor Changlung Pelchen Namkha Jigme nam mkha' 'jigs med Dola Jigme Kelzang The Third Dzogchen Ponlob, Namkha Chokyi Gyatso The Third Shechen Rabjam, Peljor Gyatso The First Karma Kuchen, Karma Tashi HISTORICAL PERIOD 18th Century 19th Century

INSTITUTION

Dzogchen Monastery Pelyul Monastery Dodrubchen Monastery Tsurpu Monastery Samye

CLAN

Mukpo

Name variants: Dodrub Gan; Dola Kunzang Zhenpen; Dowa Drubchen Jigme Trinle Wozer; First Dodrubchen, Jigme Trinle Wozer; Kunzang Zhenpen Taye

Wylie: rdo grub chen 01 'jigs med 'phrin las 'od zer

Bibliography

Bradburn, Leslie. 1995. Masters of the Nyingma Lineage. Cazadero: Dharma Publications.

Nyoshul Khenpo. 2005. Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems. Richard Barron, trans. Junction City, California: Padma Publication.

Tulku Thondup. 1996. Masters of Meditation and Miracles: The Longchen Nyingthig Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. Boston: Shambhala.

’Jam mgon kong sprul blo gros mtha’yas. 1976. Gter ston brgya rtsa. In Rin chen gter mdzod chen mo Paro: Ngodrup and Sherab Drimay (223a-226a).

Rdo grub chen thub bstan phrin las bzang po. 1977. Collected Miscellaneous Writings of the Successive Embodiments of the Rdo Grub chen, pp. 387-399. Gangtok: Lama Dodrup Sangyay.

Rdo grub chen thub bstan phrin las bzang po. 1985. Rdo grub chen ’jigs med phrin las ’od zer gyi ’khrungs rabs rnam thar. Gangtok, Sikkim: Pema Thinley (1-16).

Ronis Jann. 2011. "Powerful Women in the History of Degé: Reassessing the Eventful Reign of the Dowager Queen Tsewang Lhamo (d. 1812)." Revue d'études tibétaines, vol. 21, p. 61-81.

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