Difference between revisions of "Eight teachings"
(Created page with "thumb|250px| <poem> eight teachings [八教] ( Jpn hakkyo ) A system by which T'ient'ai (538-597) classified Shakyamuni's teachings. The eight teachin...") |
|||
| (6 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:Refin.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Refin.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
| − | eight teachings | + | [[eight teachings]] |
| − | [八教] ( Jpn hakkyo ) | + | [[八教]] ( Jpn [[hakkyo]] ) |
| − | A system by which T'ient'ai (538-597) classified Shakyamuni's teachings. The eight teachings are divided into two groups: the four teachings of doctrine and the four teachings of method. The first is a division by content, and the second, by method of teaching. The four teachings of doctrine are: | + | A system by which [[T'ient'ai]] (538-597) classified [[Shakyamuni's]] teachings. The [[eight teachings]] are divided into two groups: the [[four teachings of doctrine]] and the [[four teachings of method]]. The first is a division by content, and the second, by method of [[teaching]]. The [[four teachings of doctrine]] are: |
| − | (1) The Tripitaka teaching, which corresponds to Hinayana, is so called because it consists of the three divisions of the canon (Skt tripitaka ) | + | (1) The [[Tripitaka]] [[teaching]], which corresponds to [[Hinayana]], is so called because it consists of the three divisions of the [[canon]] (Skt [[tripitaka]] )—[[sutras]] (the [[Buddha's teachings]]), [[vinaya]] (the rules of [[monastic]] [[discipline]]), and [[abhidharma]] (commentaries and treatises). The teachings of this category reveal the [[cause]] of transmigration in the threefold [[world]] and [[urge]] one to free oneself from this continual [[rebirth]] and enter the state of [[nirvana]] in which all [[desires]] are [[extinguished]]. To help one cast off [[attachment]] to the threefold [[world]], they teach the analytical [[view]] of [[nonsubstantiality]], or the [[perception]] that all things, when analyzed into their constituent [[elements]] ([[dharmas]]), prove to be without [[substance]]. These teachings were expounded primarily for persons of the two vehicles and secondarily for [[bodhisattvas]]. |
[[File:Rcxu.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | [[File:Rcxu.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| − | (2) The connecting teaching, or introductory Mahayana, which is so called because it forms a link between the Tripitaka teaching and the specific teaching. Like the Tripitaka teaching, the connecting teaching is concerned with casting off attachment to the threefold world. The teachings of this category deny the view of the Tripitaka teaching that all things, when analyzed, prove to be without substance; instead they teach the view that all things, just as they are, are without substance, because they arise and disappear only by virtue of dependent origination.These teachings are directed primarily to bodhisattvas and secondarily to persons of the two vehicles. | + | (2) The connecting [[teaching]], or introductory [[Mahayana]], which is so called because it [[forms]] a link between the [[Tripitaka]] [[teaching]] and the specific [[teaching]]. Like the [[Tripitaka]] [[teaching]], the connecting [[teaching]] is concerned with casting off [[attachment]] to the threefold [[world]]. The teachings of this category deny the [[view]] of the [[Tripitaka]] [[teaching]] that all things, when analyzed, prove to be without [[substance]]; instead they teach the [[view]] that all things, just as they are, are without [[substance]], because they arise and disappear only by [[virtue]] of dependent origination.These teachings are directed primarily to [[bodhisattvas]] and secondarily to persons of the two vehicles. |
| − | (3) The specific teaching, or a higher level of provisional Mahayana, which is so called because it was expounded specifically for bodhisattvas. The teachings of this category set forth a long series of austere practices spanning many kalpas, which bodhisattvas must carry out to attain Buddhahood. They address the three truths of nonsubstantiality, temporary existence, and the Middle Way, but indicate them as separate from and independent of one another. | + | (3) The specific [[teaching]], or a [[higher]] level of provisional [[Mahayana]], which is so called because it was expounded specifically for [[bodhisattvas]]. The teachings of this category set forth a long series of austere practices spanning many [[kalpas]], which [[bodhisattvas]] must carry out to attain [[Buddhahood]]. They address the [[three truths]] of [[nonsubstantiality]], temporary [[existence]], and the [[Middle Way]], but indicate them as separate from and independent of one another. |
| − | (4) The perfect teaching, which expounds the mutually inclusive relationship of the ultimate reality and all phenomena, and the unification of the three truths. The perfect teaching is directed to people of all capacities and holds that all can attain Buddhahood. According to T'ient'ai's system, the Tripitaka, connecting, and specific teachings are all means leading to the perfect teaching, which encompasses and unifies them.The four teachings of method is a classification of the teachings in terms of the way the Buddha taught them.They are | + | (4) The perfect [[teaching]], which expounds the mutually inclusive relationship of the [[ultimate reality]] and all [[phenomena]], and the unification of the [[three truths]]. The perfect [[teaching]] is directed to [[people]] of all capacities and holds that all can attain [[Buddhahood]]. According to T'ient'ai's system, the [[Tripitaka]], connecting, and specific teachings are all means leading to the perfect [[teaching]], which encompasses and unifies them.The [[four teachings of method]] is a {{Wiki|classification}} of the teachings in terms of the way the [[Buddha]] taught them.They are |
| − | (1) The sudden teaching, or those teachings that Shakyamuni expounded directly from his own enlightenment without giving his disciples preparatory knowledge.This category corresponds to the Flower Garland Sutra, traditionally regarded as the first teaching he expounded after his enlightenment at Buddhagaya. | + | (1) The sudden [[teaching]], or those teachings that [[Shakyamuni]] expounded directly from his own [[enlightenment]] without giving his [[disciples]] preparatory knowledge.This category corresponds to the [[Flower Garland Sutra]], [[traditionally]] regarded as the first [[teaching]] he expounded after his [[enlightenment]] at [[Buddhagaya]]. |
| − | (2) The gradual teaching, or those teachings expounded to gradually elevate people's capacities to an understanding of higher doctrines.The gradual teaching corresponds to the sutras of the Agama, Correct and Equal, and Wisdom periods. | + | (2) The gradual [[teaching]], or those teachings expounded to gradually elevate people's capacities to an [[understanding]] of [[higher]] doctrines.The gradual [[teaching]] corresponds to the [[sutras]] of the [[Agama]], Correct and {{Wiki|Equal}}, and [[Wisdom]] periods. |
| − | (3) The secret teaching, or those teachings that the listeners understand differently according to their respective capacities and from which they each receive a different benefit without being aware of the difference. | + | (3) The secret [[teaching]], or those teachings that the listeners understand differently according to their respective capacities and from which they each receive a different {{Wiki|benefit}} without [[being]] aware of the [[difference]]. |
| − | (4) The indeterminate teaching, or those teachings that the listeners understand and benefit from differently as above but are aware of the difference.See also five periods. | + | (4) The {{Wiki|indeterminate}} [[teaching]], or those teachings that the listeners understand and {{Wiki|benefit}} from differently as above but are aware of the difference.See also [[five periods]]. |
</poem> | </poem> | ||
{{R}} | {{R}} | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
[[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | [[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | ||
[[Category:Tiantai]] | [[Category:Tiantai]] | ||
| − | + | ||
[[Category:Mahayana]] | [[Category:Mahayana]] | ||
| − | [[Category:Bodhisattva's]] | + | [[Category:Bodhisattva's]]{{BuddhismbyNumber}} |
Latest revision as of 10:36, 22 April 2014
eight teachings
八教 ( Jpn hakkyo )
A system by which T'ient'ai (538-597) classified Shakyamuni's teachings. The eight teachings are divided into two groups: the four teachings of doctrine and the four teachings of method. The first is a division by content, and the second, by method of teaching. The four teachings of doctrine are:
(1) The Tripitaka teaching, which corresponds to Hinayana, is so called because it consists of the three divisions of the canon (Skt tripitaka )—sutras (the Buddha's teachings), vinaya (the rules of monastic discipline), and abhidharma (commentaries and treatises). The teachings of this category reveal the cause of transmigration in the threefold world and urge one to free oneself from this continual rebirth and enter the state of nirvana in which all desires are extinguished. To help one cast off attachment to the threefold world, they teach the analytical view of nonsubstantiality, or the perception that all things, when analyzed into their constituent elements (dharmas), prove to be without substance. These teachings were expounded primarily for persons of the two vehicles and secondarily for bodhisattvas.
(2) The connecting teaching, or introductory Mahayana, which is so called because it forms a link between the Tripitaka teaching and the specific teaching. Like the Tripitaka teaching, the connecting teaching is concerned with casting off attachment to the threefold world. The teachings of this category deny the view of the Tripitaka teaching that all things, when analyzed, prove to be without substance; instead they teach the view that all things, just as they are, are without substance, because they arise and disappear only by virtue of dependent origination.These teachings are directed primarily to bodhisattvas and secondarily to persons of the two vehicles.
(3) The specific teaching, or a higher level of provisional Mahayana, which is so called because it was expounded specifically for bodhisattvas. The teachings of this category set forth a long series of austere practices spanning many kalpas, which bodhisattvas must carry out to attain Buddhahood. They address the three truths of nonsubstantiality, temporary existence, and the Middle Way, but indicate them as separate from and independent of one another.
(4) The perfect teaching, which expounds the mutually inclusive relationship of the ultimate reality and all phenomena, and the unification of the three truths. The perfect teaching is directed to people of all capacities and holds that all can attain Buddhahood. According to T'ient'ai's system, the Tripitaka, connecting, and specific teachings are all means leading to the perfect teaching, which encompasses and unifies them.The four teachings of method is a classification of the teachings in terms of the way the Buddha taught them.They are
(1) The sudden teaching, or those teachings that Shakyamuni expounded directly from his own enlightenment without giving his disciples preparatory knowledge.This category corresponds to the Flower Garland Sutra, traditionally regarded as the first teaching he expounded after his enlightenment at Buddhagaya.
(2) The gradual teaching, or those teachings expounded to gradually elevate people's capacities to an understanding of higher doctrines.The gradual teaching corresponds to the sutras of the Agama, Correct and Equal, and Wisdom periods.
(3) The secret teaching, or those teachings that the listeners understand differently according to their respective capacities and from which they each receive a different benefit without being aware of the difference.
(4) The indeterminate teaching, or those teachings that the listeners understand and benefit from differently as above but are aware of the difference.See also five periods.
