398 Different uses of numbers in Buddhism

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One-life Bodhisattva

A Bodhisattva who is one lifetime away from Buddhahood. The best known example is the Bodhisattva Maitreya.

One-vehicle Dharma

The one Yana, the vehicle of Oneness. The one Buddhayana, the One Vehicle, i.e., Mahayana, which contains the final or complete Law of the Buddha and not merely a part, or preliminary stage, as in Hinayana.

Oneness Of Delusion And Enlightenment

(Jpn.: meigo-funi or meigo-ittai) Also, non-duality of delusion and enlightenment. The principle that delusion and enlightenment are, though different in aspect, one and the same in their essential nature. A bad cause or influence gives rise to delusion, and a good cause or influence, to enlightenment. Delusion and enlightenment are two different workings, but both arise from the essential nature of life. This Mahayana concept contrasts with the Hinayana view that enlightenment and delusion, or enlightenment and earthly desires, are mutually exclusive and incompatible.

Two Admonitions Of The Buddha

1. the enlightenment of Devadatta (hence, evil people can become Buddhas

2. the enlightenment of the dragon king's daughter (hence, women can become Buddhas)

Two Attachments

1. attachments which are inborn, instinctive (sahaja)

2. attachments which are acquired from reasoning and discrimination (vikalpita)

Two Buddha Bodies

Dharmakaya and Rupakaya

Two Collections

Collections of virtue and wisdom.

Two Deaths

Two Deaths refer to;

1 share-sectioned birth and death

2 changed birth and death

Two Extremes

Views of eternalism and nihilism.

Two Forms of Death

1 Natural death of the life

2 Death form external cause and conditions

Two Gates Of Meaning

1. the absolute (silence) 2. the relative (speech)

Two Hindrances To Enlightenment

1. hindrance of knowledge

2. hindrance of passion

Two Obstacles

Two Obstacles refer to

1 the obstacle of afflictions

2 the obstacle of what is known

Two Principals Of Karmic Retributin

1. good and evil deeds produce happiness and suffering

2. results return to none other than the performer of the deeds

Two Sects of Hinayana

It refers to the Sthaviravadin and Mahasanghika.

Two Stages Of Tantra

Generation Stage and Completion Stage

Two Teachings And Five Periods Of Hui-kuan

1. sudden teachings (avatamsaka sutra)

2. gradual teachings:

a) the distinct teachings of the three vehicles (prajnaparamitra sutra)

b) the pervasive teaching of the three vehicles (vimalakirti nirdesa and bramaavisecainipariprccha)

c) the restraining and praising teaching (Perfection of Wisdom)

d) the identical-goal teaching (Lotus Sutra)

e) the teaching of eternal abiding (Nirvana Sutra)

Two Truths

Relative or conventional, everyday truth of the mundane world subject to delusion and dichotomies and

the Ultimate Truth, transcending dichotomies, as taught by the Buddhas.

According to Buddhism, there are two kinds of Truth, the Absolute and the Relative.

1. The Absolute Truth (of the Void) manifests "illumination but is always still," and this is absolutely inexplicable.

2. The Relative Truth (of the Unreal) manifests "stillness but is always illuminating," which means that it is immanent in everything. (Hsu Heng Chi/P.H. Wei). Pure Land thinkers such as the Patriarch Tao Ch'o accepted "the legitimacy of Conventional Truth as an expression of Ultimate Truth and as a vehicle to reach Ultimate Truth.

Even though all form is nonform, it is acceptable and necessary to use form within the limits of causality, because its use is an expedient means of saving others out of one's compassion for them and because, even for the unenlightened, the use of form can lead to the revelation of form as nonform" (David Chappell).

Two Truths On Three Levels

Common truth

1. being

2. both being and non-being

3. both being and non-being and neither being nor non-being

Higher truth

1. non-being

2. neither being nor non-being

3. both not being and not non-being and neither not being nor not non-being

Two Types Of Icchantikas

1. those who are momentarily lacking the parinirvana-dharma

2. those who are indefinitely so lacking

Two Vehicles

1. Buddhist disciples 2. self-enlightened sages

Third Lifetime

In the first lifetime, the practitioner engages in mundane good deeds which bring ephemeral worldly blessings (wealth, power, authority, etc.) in the second lifetime. Since power tends to corrupt, he is likely to create evil karma, resulting in retribution in the third lifetime. Thus, good deeds in the first lifetime are potential "enemies" of the third lifetime. To ensure that mundane good deeds do not become "enemies the practitioner should dedicate all merits to a transcendental goal, i.e., to become Bodhisattvas or Buddhas or, in Pure Land teaching, to achieve rebirth in the Pure Land -- a Buddha land beyond Birth and Death.

In a mundane context, these three lifetimes can be conceived of as three generations. Thus, the patriarch of a prominent family, through work and luck, amasses great power, fortune and influence (first lifetime).

His children are then able to enjoy a leisurely, and, too often, dissipated life (second lifetime). By the generation of the grandchildren, the family's fortune and good reputation have all but disappeared (third lifetime).

Three Bases Of Buddha Nature

1. the true basis (real nature; Buddha nature)

2. basis of understanding (wisdom)

3. basis of conditions (practice)

Three Baskets (of Scriptures)

(skt. Tripitaka; Pali. Tipitaka)

1. Vinaya-pitaka: origin of the sangha; rules for monks and nuns

2. Sutra-pitaka: discourses of the Buddha

3. Abhidharma-pitaka: writings and discourses on Buddhist psychology and philosophy

Three Bodhisattvas

1. Manjushiri (wisdom)

2. Samantabhadra (practice)

3. Kuan-yin (compassion)

Three Bodies Of The Buddha

1. Dharmakaya: (body of essence; body of the Law) The Dharma-body, or the "body of reality", which is formless, unchanging, transcendental, and inconceivable. Synonymous with suchness, or emptiness.

2. Sambhogakaya: (body of bliss, purity) the "body of enjoyment", the celestial body of the Buddha. Personification of eternal perfection in its ultimate sense. It "resides" in the Pure Land and never manifests itself in the mundane world, but only in the celestial spheres, accompanied by enlightened Bodhisattvas.

3. Nirmanakaya: (body of magical transformation) the "incarnated body" of the Buddha. In order to benefit certain sentient beings, a Buddha incarnates himself into an appropriate visible body, such as that of Sakyamuni Buddha. The incarnated body of the Buddha should not be confused with a magically produced Buddha. The former is a real, tangible human body which has a definite life span, The latter is an illusory Buddha-form which is produced with miraculous powers and can be withdrawn with miraculous powers

(G.C.C. Chang).

Three Categories

1. five aggregates

2. twelve entrances

3. eighteen realms of sense

Three Classifications

Buddha shows that a person is nothing more than a combination of various elements which come together under suitable conditions. They are

1 the Five Skandhas

2 the Twelve Bases

3 the Eighteen Fields

Three Delusions

In Tien Tai, three doubts in the mind of Bodhisattva, producing three delusions, i.e.,

1 through things seen and thought

2 through the immense variety of duties in saving humans

3 through ignorance

Three Delusions

Or poisons or negativities

1. Ignorance,

2. Aversion/anger

3. Attachment

Three Delusions

1. Ignorance

2. Desire

3. Anger or hatred

Three Dogmas

They are the Dogma of

1. Void,

2. Unreal

3. Mean.

Three Doors

1. Body

2. Speech

3. Mind

Three Enlightenments

the three kinds of Enlightenment:

1 Enlightenment for self

2 Enlightenment for others

3 Perfect enlightenment and accomplishment

The first is Arhat. The second is Bodhisattva. When all the three have been attained, the being becomes a Buddha.

Three Essentials

1. deed

2. word

3. thought

Three Evil Paths

They are the three lowest realms of the Nine Realms:

1. Hell

2. Hungry ghost

3. Animal

Three Falls Of Ts'ao Shan

1. being a water buffalo: fall of an ascetic

2. not accepting food: fall of the precious

3. not cutting off sound and form: fall according to kind

Three Gates Of The Yun Men Sect

1. What contains and includes the universe?

2. What stops the flow of reincarnation?

3. What is the state of one wave follwoing another?

Three Gates To Nirvana

1. voidness

2. formlessness

3. inactivity

Three Good Paths

They are

1. Man

2. Asura

3. Deva Paths

Three Greatnesses Of Asvaghosa

1. ti: substance

2. hsiang: appearance

3. yung: function

Three Higher Trainings

1. Morality (ethics)

2. Concentration (meditation)

3. Wisdom (discriminating awareness)

Three Ignorances Of The Arahat

1. the eighteen special (avenika) dharmas of the Buddha which are extremely subtle (paramasuksma)

2. the infinite variety of gross and subtle material aggregates (paramanusancita) that are distant in place

3. those that are remote in time (viprakrstakala)

Three Indestructibles

1. infinite body

2. endless life

3. boundless spiritual possessions

Three Jewels

(Sanskrit: Rathatraya, Also: Three Precious Ones, Three Jewels Gems, Three Jewels Refuges)

1. The Buddha

2. The dharma (truth or teachings)

3. The sangha (monastic community)

The three essential components of Buddhism. They are the objects of veneration. Buddhists take refuge in them by pronouncing the threefold refuge formula, thus acknowledging themselves to be Buddhists. Sometimes referred to as the Teacher, the Teaching and the Taught.

Three Karmas

The three conditions, inheritances or karmas, of which there are several groups, including the karmas of

1. deeds

2. words

3. Thoughts

Three Kayas

see; 3 Buddha Bodies

Three kinds of prajna

1. Prajna of languages

2. Prajna of contemplative illumination

3. prajna of the characteristics of actuality

Three Learnings Of The Mahayana

1. learning of the precepts

2. learning meditation

3. learning wisdom

Three Liberations

1. recognition of ego and all dharmas as empty

2. recogniction of all dharmas as formless and without distinctions

3. recognition of existence as unworthy of desire (suffering)

Three Marks Of Existence

1. Suffering (dukkha)

2. Impermanence (anicca)

3. No self (anatta).

Three Meditations of One Mind

Also known as Three Inconceivable Meditations, which is one of the practices in Tien Tai Sect in China. According to Tien Tai, all existence in the universe consists of Three Dogmas (Truths), namely, Void, Unreal and Mean. These three Dogmas are co-existent and interactive, integrated and interrelated. If one can meditate this concept with the whole mind, it is call Three Meditations of One mind, or Inconceivable Profound Meditation.

1. meditation of emptiness (sunyata)

2. signlessness (animitta): noncognition

3. wishlessness (apranihita): freedom from desire; nonattachment

Three Mysteries Of Rinzai Zen

1. mystery within the body

2. mystery within words

3. mystery within mystery

Three Natures Of Yogacara Reality

1. the imagined (parikalpa)

2. the dependent (paratantra)

3. the perfected (parinispanna)

Three Necessities Of Rinzai Zen

1. great root of faith

2. great ball of doubt

3. great overpowering will

Three Obstructions

Also called Three Obstacles. They are the obstructions that hinder the attainment of Buddhahood. When the Three Obstructions are cleared, the Three Virtues will be perfected. The Three Obstructions are:

1 Affliction obstruction - e.g. due to Three Poisons, i.e. greed, hatred and stupidity.

2 Karma obstruction - e.g. due to Five Offenses, and Ten Unwholesome Deeds, i.e. the Karma in the past.

3 Retribution obstruction - e.g. the suffering retribution in Three Evil Paths

Three Part Robe

1. undergarment wrapped about loins and thigh (antara-vasaka)

2. overgarment (uttarasanga)

3. cloak (sanghati)

Three Periods of Time

That is the

1. Past

2. Present

3. Future

Three Phases Of Buddhist Teachings Of Pai Chang

1. detachment from everything

2. not abiding in detachment

3. not having any understanding of non-abiding

(non-awarness of non-duality)

Three Phases Of Understanding

1. seeing its intent

2. practical application

3. transcendence

Three Phrases Within A Phrase Of Yun Men

1. cutting off the stream

2. covering heaven and earth

3. going along with the waves

Three Pillars Of Tibetan Buddhism

1. rules of discipline (vinaya)

2. teachings of Nagarjuna

3. teachings of Asanga

Three Pillars Of Zen

1. teaching

2. practice

3. enlightenment

Three Poisons

1. Craving (Greed or wrong desire)

2. Aversion (Hatred or anger)

3. Delusion (Illusion or stupidity or ignorance)

These are the source of all the passions and delusions

Three Principle Aspects Of The Path

1. Renunciation

2. Bodhicitta

3. Wisdom realizing emptiness

Three Pure Land Sutras

Pure Land Buddhism is based on three basic sutras:

1. Amitabha Sutra (or Shorter Amitabha Sutra, or Smaller Sukhavati-Vyuha, or the Sutra of Amida)

2. Longer Amitabha Sutra (or Longer Sukhavati-Vyuha, or the Teaching of Infinite Life)

3. Meditation Sutra (or the Meditation on the Buddha of Infinite Life, or the Amitayus Dhyana Sutra). Sometimes the last chapter of the Avatamsaka Sutra ("The Practices and Vows of the Bodhisattva Samantabhadra") is considered the fourth basic sutra of the Pure Land tradition.

Note: in Pure Land, the Longer Amitabha Sutra is considered a shorter form of the Lotus Sutra.

Three Realms

Sanskrit word is Triloka. It is Buddhist metaphysical equivalence for the triple world of earthe and heaven.

1. Realm of Sensusous Desire (Sanskrit word is Kamadhatu) of sex and food. It includes the Six Heavens of Desire, the Human World and the Hells.

2. Realm of Form (Sanskrit word is Rupaadhatu) of matter which is substantial and resistant. It is a semi-material conception. It is above the lust world and contains bodies, places and things, all mystic and wonderful. It consists of 18 heavens, including the Heavens of Four Zen (Sanskrit word is Brahmalokas).

3. Realm of Formlessness (Sanskrit word is Arupadhatu) of pure spirit, where there are no bodies and matters to which human terms would apply, but where the mind dwells in mystic contemplation; its extent is indefinable, but it is conceived of in Four Stages/Places of Emptiness in the immaterial world. It has four heavens, in which the Sphere/heaven of neither-perception-nor-non-perception is the highest.

Three Realms Of Hell

1. fire

2. blood

3. knives

Three Refuges

Taking refuge and possessing confidence in the

1. Buddha's Awakening

2. in his Teaching

3. and in the Sangha of enlightened disciples.

Three Roots

The three (evil) roots, i.e.

1. Desire

2. Hate

3. stupidity.

Another group is the three grades of good "roots" or abilities, i.e. superior, medium and inferior.

Three Scopes

Levels of motivation of a practitioner: Low/initial/small scope: achievement of good Rebirth, Middle/intermediate scope: achievement of Liberation, and Highest/great scope

Three Seals

Also known as Three Universal Truths.

1 All phenomena are impermanent.

2 All Dharma are not-self.

3 The eternity is Nirvana.

It is called the seal because it is to certify whether it is the Buddha's teaching or not. Also see Four Seals.

Three Seals

1. sealing mud: for the sort that considers something has been attained and leaves traces

2. sealing water: for whom something is attained but leaves no traces

3. sealing space: for superior ones who attain and leave no trace

Three Shastra

They are

1 Madhyamaka Shastra

2 Dvadashamukha Shastra

3 Shatika Shastra

All three were translated by Kumarajiva, on which the Three Shastra Sect bases its doctrines.

Three Sovereigns

1. Fu Hsi (J. Fushi)

2. Nu Wa (J. Joga)

3. Shen Nung (J. Shinno)

Three Stages On The Path Of Purification

1. sila: moral conduct and character

2. samadhi: mental concentration

3. panna: liberating knowledge of human existence

Three Studies

or Three Vehicles of Learning

1 Sila, i.e. taking Precepts

2 Dhyana, i.e. concentration and meditation

3 Prajna, i.e. wisdom

It is practiced by the Arhats.

Three Subdivisions Of Suffering

1. suffering that consists of suffering (duhkha-duhkhata)

2. suffering that consists in being compounded ( samskara-duhkhata)

3. sufferng that consists in transformation (viparinama-duhkhata)

Three Sufferings

1 Feeling of suffering

2 Feeling of happiness - suffering of decay

3 Feeling of neither suffering nor happiness - suffering of the activity of the Five Skandhas.

Three Teachings Of Ancient China

1. Taoism

2. Confusianism

3. Buddhism

Three Thrones Of The Buddha

1. lion throne

2. lotus throne

3. Mount Meru

Three Times

1. Past

2. Present

3. Future

Three Trainings

1. Moral discipline

2. Concentration

3. Wisdom

(the essential trainings of the Sutrayana)

Three Treatises Of Kumarajiva

1. the Middle Way (Chung lun; Madhyamika Sastra by Nagarjuna)

2. Twelve Gates (Shih-erh men lun; Dvadasanikaya Sastra by Nagarjuna)

3. the one hundred verses (Po lun; Sata Sastra by Aryadeva)

Three Types Of Actions

Actions of

1. the mind

2. the speech

3. the body

Three Types Of Suffering

1. Suffering of suffering (pain, distress)

2. Suffering of change

3. All-pervasive suffering (potential to suffer).

Three Types Of Vows

1. Pratimoksha

2. Bodhisattva

3. Tantric Vows

Three Universal Truths

Also known as the Three Seals. Three Universal Truths are the basic teaching of Buddha, so that they are commonly used to attest Buddhism (also Three Universal Characteristics)

The Three Universal Truths are:

1 All phenomena are impermanent, (i.e., Anicca in Sanskrit).

2 All dharmas are non-self, (i.e., Anatta in Sanskrit).

3 The eternity is Nirvana and stillness, All sensations are suffering.

Three Unwholesome Roots

1. desire

2. hatred

3. delusion

Three Vehicles

1. sravakayana: understanding the truth of the Buddha teachings

2. pratyekabuddhayana: understanding the truth through self-awakening

3. bodhisattvayana: understanding the highest level of wisdom (bodhi)

Three Wholesome Roots

1. nongreed (alobha)

2. nonhatred (advesa)

3. nonignorance (amoha)

Three Virtues

The three virtues of power,

1 the virtue, or potency of the Buddha's eternal, spiritual body, i.e., the Dharmakaya

2 the virtue of his Prajna, knowing all things in their reality

3 the virtue of his freedom from all attachments and his sovereign liberty

Three Virtues

1. dharmakaya (the essence of the universe; the dharma; the law)

2. prajna (wisdom)

3. moksa (enlightenment

Three Wisdom

There are three kinds of wisdom:

1 Sravaka and Praetyka-Buddha knowledge that all the Dharmas or laws are void and unreal

2 Bodhisattva knowledge of all things in proper discrimination

3 Buddha knowledge or perfect knowledge of all things in their every aspect and relationship past, present and future.

In Tien Tai Sect, the Three Wisdom is associated with the Three Dogmas of Void, Unreal and Mean.

Three Woeful Paths

1. hell beings

2. hungry ghosts

3. animals

Three Worlds

One of Buddhist cosmologies, in which the cosmos is divided into three parts

1. Desire

2. Form,

3. Non-form

The first and last of these three represent attachment to the senses, and are undesirable. Those in the second level have a body but do not cling to the world of illusion and senses. In Zen practice the three worlds are also considered levels or dimensions of consciousness.

Three-fold Morality

1. Keeping one's vows

2. Collecting virtue

3. Helping sentient beings

Threefold Body of a Buddha

They are

1 Dharma body, i.e. Dharmakaya - its own essential nature, common to all Buddhas.

2 Retribution body, i.e. Sambhogakaya - a body of bliss, which he receives for his own use and enjoyment.

3 Response and transformation body, i.e. Nirmanakaya - he can appear in any form whenever and wherever necessary for the sake of crossing over others.

Threefold Cessation Of Chih-i

1. cessation as realizing emptiness

2. cessation as realizing expedient conditions

3. cessation as an end to both discriminatory extremes

Threefold Contemplation Of Chih-i

1. contemplating the real (conventional reality)

2. contemplating the unreal (emptiness)

3. contemplating neither the real nor unreal; contemplating both the real and unreal (the Middle Way)

Threefold Delusion

1. active at present

2. innate

3. force of habit

Threefold Training (trisiksa)

1. training in moral discipline (shila)

2. training in the mind (samadhi)

3. training in wisdom (prajana)

Threefold Truth Of Chih-i

1. emptiness; no substantial being = supreme truth

2. convential, dependent co-arising phenomena = worldly truth

3. affirmation of emptiness and conventional truth = Middle Way

Triple World

1. kamadhatu: realm of sensuous desire

2. rupadhatu: realm of form

3. arupadhatu: formless realm of pure spirit

Four Activities

In tantric practice:

1. Pacifying

2. Increasing/developing

3. Controlling and subjugating/terrifying

Four Alternatives

1. being

2. non-being

3. both being and non-being

4. neither being nor non-being

Four Applications Of Mindlfulness

1. mindfulness of body

2. mindfulness of feeling

3. mindfulness of thoughts

4. mindfulness of all things

Four Aspects Of Buddha Dharma

(1) the teaching

(2) the principle

(3) the practice

(4) the fruit/reward/result

Four Bodhisattva Actions

1. dana: giving to others; charity

2. priyavacana: affectionate speech

3. arthakrtya: conduct profitable to others

4. samanarthata: cooperation with others; adaptation of oneself to others

Four Bodhisattva Vows

1. I vow to rescue the boundless living beings from suffering.

2. I vow to put an end to the infinite afflictions of living beings.

3. I vow to learn the measureless Dharma-doors.

4. I vow to realise the unsurpassed path of the Buddha.

Four Books

12th century CE designation for four early Confucian philosophical writings; they are the

1. The Analects (Lun Yu)

2. The Great Learning (Ta Hsueh)

3. The Doctrine of the Mean (Chung Yung)

4. The Mencius (Meng-tzu).

Four Buddha Bodies

1. Svabhavikakaya

2. Jñana-dharmakaya

3. Sambhogakaya

4. Nirmanakaya

Four Buddha Realms

1. realm where all classes dwell (Buddha, disciples, outsiders, men, etc)

2. temporary realm where inhabitants are free of unenlightened thoughts but will be reborn

3. realm of reward, for Bodhisattvas

4. realm of stillness and illumination, the abode of Buddhas

Four Castes

The class system in ancient India:

1 Brahman - the highest caste,

2 Kshatriyas (royal families) - the warrior,

3 Vaishyas (ordinary citizen),

4 Sudras (slaves)

Four Certainties Of A Buddha

1. Dhritarashtra (eastern guardian; Upholder of the Nation)

2. Virupaksha (western guardian; Wide-Eyed)

3. Vaishravana (northern guardian; Hearer of Many Teachings)

4. Virudhaka (southern guardian; Increase and Growth)

Four Continents

1. East, Lüpagpo, Noble-body-land

2. South, Dzambuling, Jambu-fruit-land (our human world)

3. West, Balangchö, Cattle Enjoyments

4. North, Dramiñän, Unpleasant Voice.

These continents appear in the Mandala offering, and are part of the symbolic representation of the entire universe.

Four Dharmadhatu

1. the phenomenal realm, with differentiation

2. the noumenal realm, with unity

3. the realm of the interdependence of the phenomenal and noumenal

4. the realm of the phenomenal which are also interdependent

Four Elements

All matters are formed and are composed by four conditioned causes :

1. earthh is characterized by solidity and durability

2. water, which is characterized by liquid/fluid and moisture

3. fire, which is characterized by energy and warmth

4. wind, which is characterized by gas/air movement.

Four Evil Forms Of Being

1. hell beings

2. hungry ghosts

3. animals

4. titans

Four False Notions Of The Hinayana

1. illusion that there is a real self (ego) in the five skandhas

2. that this personality is is different from beings on other paths

3. that all beings have an ego born of the five skandhas

4. that the ego has a determined or fated period of life

Four Fearlessness

There are four kinds of fearlessness, of which there are two groups:

A Buddha's fearlessness arises from

1 his omniscience

2 perfection of character

3 overcoming opposition

4 ending of suffering

B Bodhisattva's fearlessness arises from

1 powers of memory

2 power of moral diagnosis and application of the remedy

3 power of ratiocination

4 power of solving doubts

Four Formless Meditations

1. dwelling in spheres of ethereal infinity

2. infinity of consciousness

3. nothingness

4. neither ideation nor non ideation

Four Foundations Of Mindfulness

Mindfulness of

1. Body

2. Feeling

3. Mind

4. Phenomena

Four Fruition

Also called the "Four Fruits", the "Four Rewards", or the "Four Phala". These are four grades of arhatship, namely:

1 Srota-apanna (Srota-apanna in Sanskrit, Sota-panna in Pali) : has entered the stream of holy living; the first stage of the arhat, that of a Sravaka

2 Sakrdagamin (Sakrdagamin in Sanskrit, Sakadagamin in Pali) : comes to be born once more; the second grade of arhatship involving only one birth

3 Anagamin: will not be reborn in this world (i.e. Six Paths), but in the Form Realm or Formless Realm, where he will attain to Nirvana

4 Arhat: enters Nirvana. All Karma of reincarnation is destroyed. He also reaches a state of no longer learning. He is the highest Saint in Hinayana in contrast with the Bodhisattva as the Saint in Mahayana

Four Fruits Of The Way

1. stream enterer

2. once returner

3. never returner

4. arahat who has no more need to study

Four Graces

1. grace of parents

2. grace of all beings

3. grace of the Ruler

4. grace of Triratna (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha)

Four Great Bodhisattva

They represent the four major characters of Bodhisattva:

Four Great Elements

All matters are formed and are composed by four conditioned causes :

1. earth is characterized by solidity and durability

2. water, which is characterized by liquid/fluid and moisture

3. fire, which is characterized by energy and warmth

4. wind, which is characterized by gas/air movement

Four Great Vows

1 Vow to take across the numberless living beings.

2 Vow to cut off the endless afflictions.

3 Vow to study the countless Dharma doors.

4 Vow to realize the supreme Buddha Way.

Four Great Vows

1. though the many beings are numberless, I vow to save them

2. though greed, hatred and ignorance rise endlessly, I vow to cut them off

3. though the dharma is vast and fathomless, I vow to understand it

4. though Buddha's way is beyond attainment, I vow to embody it fully

Four Gross Components

1. earth

2. water

3. fire

4. air

Four Hallmarks Of Correct View

4 Principles that constitute the basic insights of the Buddhist path to enlightenment:

1. all conditioned existence is impermanent,

2. all deluded experiences are suffering,

3. all phenomena are empty and lack self-identity,

4.nirvana/liberation is true peace.

Four Holy Realms

They are Sravaka, Praetyka-Buddha, Bodhisattva, and Buddha.

Four Illnesses

1. grasping the body as oneself

2. grasping the four gross components

3. grasping the five clusters

4. grasping the twelve sense media

Four Immeasurables

Immeasurable love / loving kindness, Compassion, Equanimity, joy.

Four Immeasurable Or Sublime States

1. Equanimity (upekkha)

2. Loving-kindness (metta)

3. Compassion (karuna)

4. Sympathetic joy (mudita)

Four Jhanas (four Stages Of The Buddha's Enlightenment)

1. First Meditation: initial and discursive thoughts; born of aloofness; rapturous and joyful

2. Second Meditation: devoid of initial and discursive thoughts; born of concentration; rapturous and joyful

3. Third Meditation: dwelling in equanimity, attentiveness and clear consciousness; joy

4. Fourth Meditation: neither joy nor anguish; purification by equanimity and mindfulness, without defilements; mind becoming fixed and immovable

Four Jhanas Of Samkya Yoga

1. free from passions and evil thoughts but in possession of thought and pleasure born from discrimination

2. cessation of movement of thought; rapturous pleasure born of concentration

3. elimination of rapture but physical pleasure remains

4. all pleasure ceases; even-minded concentration remains

Four Kalpas

1. the kalpa of creation

2. the kalpa of continuance

3.the kalpa of decline

4. the kalpa of disintegration

Four Kinds Of Samadhi Of Chih-i

1. constantly sitting (ch'ang-tso-san-mei)

2. constantly walking (ch'ang-hsing san-mei)

3. part walking, part sitting (pan-hsing pan-tso san-mei)

4. neither walking nor sitting (fei-hsing fei-tso san-mei)

Four Knowledges Of Sainthood

1. free from affectation and affliction

2. pure conduct

3. accomplishment of what was to be done

4. free from further existence in the profane state

Four Levels Of The Two Truths Of Chi-tsang

1. being (yu) = worldly truth (samvrtisatya) - non-being (wu) = real/supreme truth (paramarthasatya)

2. duality of being and emptiness = worldly truth (samvrtisatya) - neither being nor non-being = real/supreme truth (paramarthasatya)

3. affirmation and denial of being and non-being = worldly truth - transcendence of all dualities = real/supreme truth (paramarthasatya)

4. all three levels above = worldly truth (samvrtisatya) - beyong verbalization; beyond conceptualization = real/supreme truth (paramarthasatya)

Four Maras

1. Devaputra (actual Sentient Being called Ishvara)

2. Death (yama)

3. Defilements

4. Contaminated Aggregates

Four Marks

A mark is a notion of form. In Diamond Sutra, it states that people attach to the Four Marks which hinder them from Buddhahood. Conversely, those who see all marks as no mark are Buddhas. The Four Marks are;

1 a mark of self

2 a mark of others

3 a mark of sentient being

4 a mark of life

Four Marks Of Buddha's Teachings

1. Compound phenomena are impermanent

2. Ordinary phenomena are unsatisfactory

3. All phenomena are insubstantial (selfless)

4. Nirvana is peace

Four Means Of Attracting students

1. being generous

2. speaking kindly

3. giving appropriate teachings

4. being consistent in word and deed

Four Medicines

1. the two elements of matter and mind

2. the four gross components and the five clusters

3. the twelve sense media

4. the eighteen elements

Four Mindfulnesses

1. the body (kaya)

2. affective sensation (vedana)

3. the mind (citta)

4. doctrinal formulas (dharma)

Four Modes of Birth

1. from the womb

2. from the egg

3. from moisture

4. from transformation of forms

Four Noble Disciplines

Avoiding to respond to

1. anger with anger

2. physical harm with physical harm

3. criticism with criticism

4. verbal argumenting with verbal argumenting.

These disciplines are said to distinguish the real practitioners, as they control the causes of anger and lack of patience. (This is part of the secondary Bodhisattva vows)

Four Noble Truths

It is the primary and fundamental doctrines of Shakyamuni

1 Doctrine of Suffering - life is suffering , suffering is a necessary attribute of sentient existence (Effect of Suffering, duhkha)

2 Doctrine of Accumulation - suffering comes from desire, accumulation of suffering is caused by passions (Cause of Suffering, samudaya)

3 Doctrine of Extinction - extinguishing desire (nirvana) ends suffering , extinction of passion (Effect of Happiness, nirodha)

4 Doctrine of Path - desire is extinguished through the eightfold path (or the middle way), path leading to the extinction of passion (Cause of Happiness, marga).

The first two are considered to be related to this life, and the last two to the life outside and beyond this world.

The Four Noble Truths were first preached to Shakyamuni's five former ascetic companions.

Four Offerings

1. food

2. clothes

3. bedding

4. medicine

Four Opponent Powers Purification

1. Taking refuge and generating bodhicitta

2. Regret / repentence

3. Actual positive practice (mantras, prostrations etc.)

4. Promise not to repeat negativities

Four Perfect Exertions

1. exertion of restraint

2. exertion of overcoming unwholesomeness

3. exertion of developing wholesomeness

4. exertion of maintaining wholesomeness

Four Phases of a Thought of Chih-i

1. pre-thought [not yet thinking) (wei-nien)

2. imminent thought [being about-to-think] (yu-nien)

3. the thought proper [actually thinking) (cheng-nien)

4. completed thought [having thought) (nien-i)

Four Phrase Essence of The Lotus Sutra

1. all the doctrines possessed by the Thus Come One

2. all the freely exercised supernatural powers of the Thus Come One

3. the storehouse of all the secret essentials of the Thus Come One

4. all the most profound matters of the Thus Come One

Four Processes of Liberation from Subjectivity and Objectivity

1. tuo jen pu tuo ching: take away the man but not his objective situation

2. tuo ching pu tuo jen: take away the objective situation but not the man

3. jen ching chu tuo: take away both the man and the situation

4. jen ching chu pu tuo: take away neither the man nor the situation

Four Propositions Of Ching-yuan

1. body shows land

2. land shows body

3. body and land show each other at once

4. no sign of body or land

Four Propositions Of Nagarjuna

1. identity

2. difference

3. negation

4. affirmation

Four Pure Lands

A classification by the Pure Land and T'ien T'ai schools of the pure realms subsumed under the Land of Amitabha Buddha, as described in the sutras.They are:

1. the Land of Common Residence of Beings and Saints (Land Where Saints and Ordinary Beings Dwell Together), where all beings, from the six lower worlds (hells, hungry ghosts ...) to the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, live together (further divided into two, the Common Residence Pure Land and Common Residence Impure Land)

2. the Land of Expediency (Land of Expedient Liberation), inhabited by Arhats and lesser Bodhisattvas

3. the Land of Real Reward, inhabited by the highest Bodhisattvas

4. the Land of Eternally Quiescent Light, in which the Buddhas dwell. These distinctions are at the phenomenal level.

At the noumenon level, there is, of course, no difference among them.

Four Purities Tantric Practice

1. Place (environment is seen as the deity's mandala)

2. Body (ordinary body is imagined to be the deity's body)

3. Enjoyments (sense enjoyments are seen as offerings to the deity)

4. Action (all ones' actions are regarded as the deity's actions)

Four Ranks Of Sages

(Jpn.: shie) Buddhist teachers to be relied upon after Shakyamuni Buddha's death. They are explained in the Nirvana and other sutras, which classify them into four ranks according to their level of understanding.

Four Reliance

The four standards of Right Dharma which buddhist should rely on or abide by:

1. to abide by the Dharma, not the person

2. to abide by the sutras of ultimate truth, not the sutras of incomplete truth

3. to abide by the meaning, not the word

4. to abide by the wisdom, not the consciousness.

Four Reliance learning Buddhist Dharma

The four standards of Right Dharma which buddhist should rely on or abide by:

1 to abide by the Dharma, not the person

2 to abide by the sutras of ultimate truth, not the sutras of incomplete truth

3 to abide by the meaning, not the word

4 to abide by the wisdom, not the consciousness

Four Reminders

1. Human life is precious.

2. Death is inevitable.

3. The laws of karma cannot be avoided.

4. Suffering permeates all existence.

Four Repudiations Of The Truth

1. to assert definitely that things exist

2. that they do not exist

3. that they both exist and do not exist

4. that they neither exist nor do not exist

Four Right Efforts

1. discard wrongdoings that have arisen

2. prevent the arising of unarisen wrongdoings

3. develop unarisen good actions

4. augment arisen good actions

Four Sacred Mountains

1. Wu-t'ai-shan

2. P'u-t'o-shan

3. O-mei-shan

4. Chiu-hua-shan

Four Seals

1. All produced phenomena are impermanent

2. All contaminated products are in the nature of Suffering

3. All phenomena are Emptiness

4. Nirvana is peace.:

Four Seals

They are:

1 All phenomena are impermanent.

2 All Dharma are not-self.

3 The eternity is Nirvana.

4 All sensations are suffering.

Four Sects of Hinayana

From the time of Ashoka, there were four principal schools out of the Eighteen sects of Hinayana, namely

Four Shouts Of Lin-chi

1. to cut off a student's thoughts

2. to scare away all perverted views

3. to see the students' reaction and discover their shortcomings

4. to awaken the fully aroused potentiality of students

Four Signs

The signs that would make Gautama seek enlightenment.

Four Stages Of Formlessness

1. stage of limitlessness of space (akasha)

2. stage of limitlessness of consciousness (vijnana)

3. stage of nothing whatever

4. stage of beyond awareness and non-awareness

Four Stages Of Hinayana Enlightenment

(Jpn.: shi-ka) Also, four stages of enlightenment or four fruits. Four levels of enlightenment that voice-hearers aim to attain, according to the Hinayana teachings.

Four Stages Of Spiritual Development

1. realisation of the noble truth of suffering

2. one who will have but one more birth

3. one who will not be reborn again

4. arahant

Four Stages Of The Dharma

1. the opening up of the Enlightened One's wisdom

2. the revelation of the Enlightened One's wisdom

3. the awakening to the Enlightened One's wisdom

4. the entry into the Enlightened One's wisdom

Four Sublime Attitudes

1. loving kindness to all (metta)

2. compassion to all (karuna)

3. limitless joy over the salvation of others (mudita)

4. limitless equanimity to friend or foe (upeksha)

Four Tantric Classes

1. Kriya-tantra (action-tantra)

2. Charya-tantra (performance-tantra)

3. Yoga-tantra

4. Annutarayoga-tantra (highest yoga tantra)

Four Teachings of the Buddha

1. sudden (direct) teaching

2. gradual teaching

3. secret teaching

4. indeterminate teaching

Four Tenets

4 philosophical schools, differing in their view of Emptiness:

1 & 2 are Hinayana schools, 3 & 4 are Mahayana-schools

Four Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma of Tao-sheng

1. the dharma wheel of goodness and purity

2. the dharma wheel of expedient means

3. the dharma wheel of truth

4. the dharma wheel without residue

Four Unlimited Mind

The mind of Bodhisattva:

1. Kindness

2. Compassion

3. Delight

4. Renunciation

Four Upside-down Views

1. permanence (nicca)

2. bliss (sikha)

3. self-hood (atta)

4. purity (subha)

Four Ways

1. Belief/faith

2. Interpretation/discernment

3. Practice/performance

4. Verification/assurance.

These are the cyclic process in learning a truth.

Four Ways of learning Buddhist Dharma

1. Belief/faith

2. Interpretation/discernment

3. Practice/performance

4. Verification/assurance

These are the cyclic process in learning a truth.

Four Ways Of Living Like Brahma

1. friendliness (maitri)

2. compassion (karuna)

3. sympathetic joy (mudita)

4. equanimity (upeksa)

Four Virtues

The four Nirvanic virtues:

1. Eternity or permanence

2. Joy

3. Personality

4. Purity.

These four important virtues are affirmed by the sutra in the transcendental or nirvana-realm.

Four Wisdom

The forms of wisdom of a Buddha.

1. the Great- Mirror wisdom of Aksobhya

2. the Universal Wisdom of Ratnaketu

3. the Profound Observing Wisdom of Amitabha

4. the Perfecting Wisdom of Amoghsiddhi.

Four Wisdoms of the Buddha

1. great mirror wisdom

2. wisdom of equality

3. profound observing wisdom

4. perfecting wisdom

Four Vows

Vows taken by bodhisattvas, that are regularly recited in zendos after zazen.

Fourfold Assembly

Or the Four Varga (groups) are

1. Bhiksu

2. Bhiksuni

3. Upasaka

4. Upasika

i.e. monks, nuns, male and female devotees.

Fourfold Dharmadhatu of Hua-yen

1. the world of shih (events, appearance, particularity)

2. the world of li (reality, universality)

3. the world of li and shih perfectly interfused

4. the world of perfect mutual solution between shih and shih

Fourfold Relationship Between Questioner And Answerer

1. pin chien chu: guest sees host

2. chu chien pin: host sees guest

3. chu chien chu: host sees host

4. pin chien pin: guest sees guest

Five false Views

1. one views one's mind and body as one's own possession

2. believing that life ends with death, or that life persists after death in some eternal and unchanging form

3. denial of the law of cause and effect

4. adhering to misconceptions and viewing them as truth, while regarding inferior views as superior

5. viewing erroneous practices or precepts as the correct way to enlightenment

Five Aggregates Or Five Skandhas

1. Form, rupa: material element

2. Feeling, vedana: sensation

3. Recognition, samjna: perception

4. (Mental) formations, samskara: formative principal

5. Consciousness, vijanana: consciousness

Five Basic Afflications

The five fundamental conditions of the passions and delusions:

1 wrong view, which are common to the Trailokya

2 clinging or attachment in the Desire Realm

3 clinging or attachment in the Form Realm

4 clinging or attachment in the Formless Realm

5 the state of unenlightenment or ignorance in Trailokya, which is the root-cause of all distressful delusion.

Five Bhikshus

The first five of Buddha's converts:

in Pali (P) - in Sanskrit (S)

1. Ajnata-Kaundinya - Ajnata-Kondanna

2. Bhadrika - Bhaddiya

3. Asvajit - Assagi

4. Vaspa - Vappa

5. Mahanaman - Mahanama

They followed Shakyamuni to practice asceticism, but left him when he abandoned such practices. Later, when Shakyamuni attained Buddhahood, his first sermon was preached in Deer Park to these men, who became his first disciples.

Five Categories of Untranslated Terms

Chinese Tang Dynasty Master of the Tripitaka Hsuan-Tsang established five categories of words which should be left untranslated

1 the esoteric

2 words having multiple meanings

3 words for things not existing in China

4 words not translated in accord with already established precedent

5 words left untranslated in order to give rise to wholesomeness and respect

Five Chakras

In Buddhism usually the energy centers at

1. the brow

2. the crown of the head

3. the throat

4. the heart

5. four finger widths under the navel

Five Classics

12th century CE designation for five early Chinese classical texts which were purportedly compiled by Confucius; they are

1. The Book of Changes (I Ching)

2. Book of History (Shu Ching)

3. Book of Poetry (Shih Ching)

4. Record of Rites (Li Chi)

5. Spring and Autumn Annals (Ch'un Ch'iu).

Five Commandments

1. abstain from killing

2. abstain from stealing

3. abstain from adultery

4. abstain from lying

5. abstain from intoxicating liquors

Five Confrontations of the Natural Phenomena of the External World of the Platform Sutra

1. heaven and earth

2. sun and moon

3. darkness and light

4. yin and yang

5. water and fire

Five Degenerations

Degeneration of:

1. Lifetime

2. Era

3. Beings

4. Views

5. Defilements

Five Delusions/Five poisons

1. Attachment

2. Anger

3. Ignorance

4. Jealousy

5. Doubt

(sometimes others are counted, the first 3 however are always present)

Five Desires

Desires connected with the five senses:

1. Form

2. Sound

3. Aroma

4. Taste

5. Touch

Five Dhyani wisdom Buddhas

1. Vairochana

2. Akshobhya

3. Ratnasambhava

4. Amitabha

5. Amoghasiddhi

Five Dhyani Buddhas

1. Amitabha

2. Akshobhya

3. Ratnasambhava

4. Vairochana

5. Amoghasiddhi

Five Elements

Five principal substances in Chinese thought, which are

1. Wood

2. Fire

3. Earth

4. Metal

5. Water.

Five Expedient Means of Nien-fo Samadhi

1. calling the Buddha's name to attain rebirth in the Pure Land

2. visualizing the form of the Buddha to eradicate sins

3. realizing that all items of perception are mind-only

4. transcending both the mind and its objects of perception

5. the perfect understanding of nature origination

Five Expedient Methods

1. freezing the mind dhyana (ning-hsin ch'an)

2. subduing the mind dhyana (chih-hsin ch'an)

3. true essence dhyana (t'i-chen ch'an)

4. expedient methods for conforming to circumstances dhyana (fang-pien sui-yuan ch'an)

5. eliminating the distinctions of the two extremes dhyana (hsi erh-pien fen-pieh ch'an)

Five Eyes

There are five kinds of eyes or vision

1 human eye: physical eyes, it is our flesh eye, an organ to see an object with limitation, for instance, in darkness, with obstruction.

2 divine eye: (perception of divine beings) it can see in darkness and in distance, attainable by men in dhyana (concentration/meditation).

3 wisdom eye: (perception of the two vehicles Sravakas and Pratyekabuddhas), the eye of Arhat and Two Vehicles i.e. the sound-hearers (Sravaka) and the Enlightened to Conditions (Praetyka-Buddha). It can see the false and empty nature of all phenomena.

4 Dharma eye, (perception of the bodhisattvas) the eye of Bodhisattva. It can see all the dharmas in the world and beyond the world.

5 Buddha eye: (perception of the Buddha), the eye of Buddha or omniscience. It can see all that four previous eyes can see.

Five Fetters

1. belief in individuality (drishti)

2. scepticism (vichikitsa)

3. clinging to rites and rules

4. craving or desire (trishna, kama)

5. hatred

Five Forms of Decaying

When the devas are dying, there are five symptoms:

1. the flowers around the crown

2. the clothes being dirty

3. having unpleasant smell in the body

4. sweating in armpit

5. Being unhappy in seat

Five Fundamental Conditions of Passions and Delusions

Wrong views which are common to triloka
Clinging or attachment in the desire realm
Clinging or attachment in the form realm:
Clinging or attachment in the formless realm which is still mortal;
The state of unenlightenment which is the rootcause of all distressful delusion.

Five Guides For Propagating Buddhism of Nichiren

1. the teaching

2. the people's capacity

3. the time

4. the country

5. the sequence of propagation.

Five Heinous Crimes

1. Killing one's father

2. Killing one's mother

3. Killing an Arhat

4. Attempt to wound (draw blood from) a Buddha

5. Causing division amongst the Sangha.

Same as Five Hellish Sins, Five Offences

Five Hellish Sins

1. patricide

2. matricide

3. murder of an arhat

4. injury to a buddha

5. creating a schism in the sangha

Same as Five Heinous Crimes, Five Offences

Five Hindrances

1. desire (abhidya)

2. ill will (pradosha)

3. sloth and topor (styana and middha)

4. restlessness and compunction (anuddhatya and kaukritya)

5. doubt (vichikitsa)

Five Hindrances

1. Sense craving or desire (abhidya)

2. Anger or ill will (pradosha)

3. Sloth and torpor (styana and middha)

4. Restlessness and worry (anuddhatya and kaukritya)

5. Doubt and the inner critic (vichikitsa)

Five Houses of Zen

1. House of Igyo (Igyo; Kuei-yang)

2. House of Rinzai (Linji; Lin-chi)

3. House of Soto (Caodong; Ts-ao-tung)

4. House of Ummon (Ummon; Yun-men)

5. House of Hogen (Fayan; Fa-yen)

Five Levels Of Achievement

1. subjectivity

2. objectivity

3. non-action (from which action emerges)

4. interfusion of action and non-action

5. freedom from both action and non-action

Five Levels Of Discernment

1. dismissing the false, preserving the real (ch'ien-hsu ts'un-shi)

2. relinquishing the diffuse, retaining the pure (sh-lan liu-ch'un)

3. gathering in the extensions, returning to the source (she-mo kuei-pen)

4. suppressing the subordinate, manifesting the superior (yin-lueh shien-shen)

5. dismissing the phenomenal aspects, realizing the true nature (ch'ien-hsiang cheng-hsing)

Five Meditations on Stopping the Mind

1. meditation on the vileness of the body

2. meditation on compassion

3. meditation on dependent origination

4. meditation on the correct discernment of the phenomenal world

5. breath-counting meditation

Five Messengers

They are five messengers of Manjusri:

1. Kesini

2. Upakesini

3. Citra

4. Vasumati

5. Akarsani

Five Modes Of Existence

1. hell

2. hungry ghosts

3. animals

4. human beings

5. devas

Five Mountain Monasteries of China

1. Wanshou Monastery, Mt. Jing

2. Lingyin Monastery, Mt. Bei

3. Jingde Monastery, Mt. Taibo

4. Jingci Monastery, Mt. Nan

5. Guangli Monastery, Mt. Ayuwan

Five Natures

The natures of

1. Bodhisattvas,

2. Sravakas and Pratyekabuddhas,

3. ordinary good people,

4. agnostics,

5. heretics.

Five Offences

The five rebellious acts or five deadly sins:

1. parricide, i.e., killing father

2. matricide, i.e., killing mother

3. killing an arhat

4. shedding the blood of a Buddha

5. destroying the harmony of the sangha, or fraternity.

Five Paths

Paths of:

1. Merit

2. Preparation

3. Insight

4. Meditation

5. Attainment.

The definitions of these paths differs in the Hinayana and Mahayana.

Five Periods

1. Flower Garland period (3 weeks)

2. Agama period (12 years)

3. Vaipulya period (8 years)

4. Wisdom period (22 years)

5. Lotus and Nirvana period (8 years)

Five Periods Of Impurity

1. the kalpa in decay, suffers deterioration giving rise to

2. deterioration of view, egoism arises

3. passions and delusions of desire, anger, stupidity, pride and doubt arise

4. resulting in increase in misery, decrease in happinness

5. span of human life gradually decreases to ten years

Five Points Of Mahadeva

Arahats may have

1. passions

2. ignorance

3. doubt

4. need to recieve instructions from others and

5. the Path may be attained by a sudden shout

Five Positions Of Prince and Minister

1. real and the seeming

2. body and function

3. principle and activity

4. absolute and relative

5. noumenon and phenomenon

Five Powers

1. Faith and confidence

2. Energy and effort

3. Mindfulness

4. Samadhi

5. Wisdom

Five Precepts

The precepts taken by lay Buddhists:

1. Do not kill.

2. Do not steal.

3. Do not engage in sexual misconduct.

4. Do not lie.

5. Do not use intoxicants.

It is essential for the rebirth in human realms. See also "Ten Precepts."

Five Ranks of the House of Tsao-tung

1. the real containing the seeming

2. the seeming containing the real

3. resurgence of the real

4. the seeming uniting with the real

5. integration of the real and the seeming

Five Relations Between Universality and Particularity of Tung-shan

1. particularity in universality

2. universality in particularity

3. enlightenment emerging from universality

4. enlightenment emerging from particularity

5. enlightenment achieved between universality and particularity

Five Relationships

Traditional Confucian superior-subordinate social relationships between

1. father and son

2. elder brother and younger brother

3. husband and wife

4. elder friend and junior friend

5. ruler and subject.

Five Sciences

1. Grammar

2. Logic

3. Medicine

4. Arts & crafts

5. Religious philosophy.

Five Sections of The Pali Cannon

1. digha-nikaya; dirghama (long discourses)

2. majjhima-nikaya; madhyamagama (medium discourses)

3. samyutta-nikaya; samyuktagama (grouped, connected discourses)

4. anguttara-nikaya; ekottaragama (numerical discourses)

5. khuddaka-nikaya; ksuddakagama (division of smaller books)

Five Skandhas

Or Five Aggregates, the five groups of elements (Dharmas) into which all existences are classified in early Buddhism, that is, the five components of an intelligent beings, or psychological analysis of the mind:

1. Matter or Form (rupa) - the physical form responded to the five organs of senses, i.e., eye, ear, nose, tongue and body

2. Sensation or Feeling (vedana) - the feeling in reception of physical things by the senses through the mind

3. Recognition or Conception (sanjna) - the functioning of mind in distinguishing and formulating the concept

4. Volition or Mental Formation (samskara) - habitual action, i.e., a conditioned response to the object of experience, whether it is good or evil, you like or dislike

5. Consciousness (vijnana) - the mental faculty in regard to perception, cognition and experience

Five Stages of the Emergence of Thought

1. the desires of the mundane world

2. discrimination of opposites arising from thoughtless states

3. idles thoughts leading to more of the same

4. shameful thoughts upon realization that one's previous thoughts have been idle

5. quietude where one is free from thoughts of desire, discrimination, idleness, shame

Five Taste Zen of Guifeng Zongmi

1. non-Buddhist

2. ordinary people

3. Hinayana

4. Mahayana

5. Supreme-vehicle (Bodhidharma's Zen)

Five Temptations

1. desire

2. anger or resentment

3. stupidity or foolishness

4. arrogance

5. doubt

Five Turbidities (Five Corruptions, Five Defilements, Five Depravities, Five Filths, Five Impurities)

1. the defilement of views, when incorrect, perverse thoughts and ideas are predominant

2. the defilement of passions, when all kinds of transgressions are exalted

3. the defilement of the human condition, when people are usually dissatisfied and unhappy

4. the defilement of the life-span, when the human life-span as a whole decreases

5. the defilement of the world-age, when war and natural disasters are rife.

These conditions, viewed from a Buddhist angle, however, can constitute aids to Enlightenment, as they may spur practitioners to more earnest cultivation.

Five Types Of Zen of Kuei-feng

1. bonpu (practice without religious motivation)

2. gedo (religious practice outside of Buddhist teachings)

3. shojo (Hinayana zen directed towards one's own inner peace)

4. daijo (Mahayana zen; actualization of the 'great way' of Buddhism)

5. saijojo (shikantaza; realization of the buddha-nature of all beings)

Five Watches Of The Night

1. 7 to 9 pm

2. 9 to 11 pm

3. 11 to 1 am

4. 1 to 3 am

5. 3 to 5 am

Five Vehicles

Pancayana in Sanskrit. The Five Vehicles conveying the karma-reward which differs according to the vehicle:

1 Human Vehicle - rebirth among human conveyed by observing the Five Commandments (Five Precepts)

2 Deva Vehicle - among the devas by the Ten Forms of Good Actions (Ten Wholesomeness)

3 "Sound-Hearing" Arhat - among the sravakas by the Four Noble Truths

4 "Enlightened by Conditions" Arhat - among the pratyeka-buddhas by the Twelve Nidanas

5 Bodhisattva - among the Bodhisattvas by the Six Paramita

Five Virtues

1. faith

2. mindfulness

3. energy

4. concentration

5. wisdom.

Five Wisdoms

1. gnosis or dharmadhatu

2. mirror-like

3. equality

4. discrimination

5. all-accomplishing

Five Wisdoms

1 Wisdom of the Embodied Nature of Dharma Realm - derived from amala-vijanana, i.e. pure consciousness (or mind).

2 Wisdom of the Great Round Mirror - derived from alaya-vijanana, (8th consciousness) reflecting all things.

3 Wisdom in regard to all things equally and universally - derived from manovijanana (7th consciousness).

4 Wisdom of profound insight, or discrimination, for exposition and doubt - destruction - derived from the mind consciousness (6th consciousness).

5 Wisdom of perfecting the double work of self welfare and the welfare of others - derived from the five senses (1st to 5th consciousness).

Five Wisdoms of Mahavairochana

1. the wisdom of the essence of the phenomenal world

2. the great round mirror wisdom

3. the non-discriminating wisdom

4. the wisdom of insight into the particulars

5. the wisdom of perfect practice

Five-fold Path of Mahamudra

Entire practice to Buddhahood based on the Mahamudra practice of the Kagyu tradition of Tibet. The 5 paths are:

1. Meditation On Bodhicitta

2. Deity Yoga

3. Guru Yoga

4. Mahamudra Practice

5. Dedication of Merit

Fivefold Cause and Effect

Cause and effect in terms of:

1. object of belief

2. differentiation

3. equality

4. accomplishment of practice

5. entry of realization

Fivefold Dharmakaya

1. above all moral conditions

2. tranquil and apart from false ideas

3. wise and omniscient

4. free, unlimited and unconditioned

5. perfect knowledge of 4 above

Fivefold Method Of Commentary On A Sutra

1. explanation of the title

2. definition of its body or substance

3. determining its principle

4. consideration of its function or applicability

5. ascertaining its teaching

Six Realms

1. Hell

2. Preta

3. Animal

4. Human

5. Asura

6. God realm

Six Paramita and Ten Paramita

Paramita means to cross over from this shore of births and deaths to the other shore which is the Nirvana. The Six Paramita or means of so doings are

1. dana - charity/giving

2. sila - moral/conduct/taking precepts

3. ksanti - patience

4. virya - vigor/devotion/energy

5. dhyana - contemplation/meditation

6. prajna - wisdom.

The Ten Paramita are the above plus

7. upaya - use of expedient or proper means

8. pranidhana - vow of bodhi and helpfulness

9. bala - strength

10. intelligence

Six Ancient Buddhas

1. Vipashyin

2. Shikin

3. Vishvabhu

4. Krakuchchanda

5. Konagamana

6. Kashyapa

(7. Shakyamuni)

Six Activities

1. walking

2. standing still

3. sitting

4. lying down

5. eating

6. speaking

Six Chakras

Usually

1. Browpoint (third eye)

2. Crown

3. Throat

4. Heart

5. Navel

6. Genitals

(Sometimes browpoint & crown are considered as one Chakra).

Six Difficult Acts

1. to propagate the Lotus Sutra widely

2. to copy it or cause someone else to copy it

3. to recite it even for a short while

4. to teach it even to one person

5. to hear of and accept it and inquire about its meaning

6. to maintain faith in it.

Six Fulfilment

The six requirements indicating that the Sutra is a true record of teachings given directly by the Buddha. They are the fulfilment of meeting the requirement

1 on belief

2 on hearing

3 on time

4 on of the host

5 on place

6 on audiences

Six Harmonies Of The Sangha

1. corporal harmony (the same work)

2. verbal harmony (the same silence)

3. mental harmony (the same tolerance)

4. ethical harmony (the same practice)

5. ideological harmony (the same understanding)

6. material harmony (the same equality of benefits)

Six Heterodox Teachers

1. Puranakasyapa

2. Maskari-gosaliputra

3. Sanjaya-vairatiputra

4. Ajita-kesakambala

5. Kakuda-katyayana

6. Nirgrantha-jnatiputra

Six Houses And Seven Schools

1. school of appearances as such

2. school of stored impressions

3. school of illusions

4. school of causal combination

5. school of the nonbeing of the mind

6. school of fundamental nonbeing

7. modified school of fundamental nonbeing

Six Levels of Reincarnation or Six Directions of Reincarnation

1. Naraka, as a spirit in hell

2. Preta, as a bodiless ghost (hungry ghost)

3. Tiryagyoni, as an animal

4. Asura, as a malevolent spirit

5. Manusya, as a human

6. Deva, as a deva i.e. Heavenly Existence

Six Mahayana Perfections

1. Generosity (giving)

2. Moral discipline (ethics)

3. Patience

4. Effort, energy

5. Meditative concentration

6. Wisdom

Six Patriarchs Of Zen

1. Bodhidharma (J. Bodaidaruma)

2. Hui-k'o; Dazu Huike (J. Taiso Eka)

3. Seng-ts'an; Jianzhi Sengcan (J. Kanchi Sosan)

4. Tao-hsin; Dayi Daoxin (J. Daii Doshin)

5. Hung-jen; Daman Hongren (J. Daiman Konin)

6. Hui-neng; Dajian Huineng (J. Daikan Eno)

Six Perceptions

Or Six Consciousness or Six External Bases, or Six Dusts or Six Gunas or Six Organs or Six Indriyas or Six Sense-organs or Six Sense Objects or Sadayatana. Qualities produced by the objects and organs of sense:

1. Eye, sight, colours and forms (caksu)

2. Ear, hearing, sound (srotra)

3. Nose, smell, scent, odours (ghrana)

4. Tongue, taste (jihva)

5. Body, touch, tangibles, phenomena (kaya)

6. Mind, thought, idea (dharma), (mano-vijnana)

Six Perfections

Or Six Virtues or Six Perfections Of The Sutra On Perfect Wisdom

1. perfect charity (Generosity, dana)

2. perfect observation of the precepts (ethics, discipline) (sila)

3. perfect perseverance (ksanti) (patience; endurance)

4. perfect energy (virya) (zeal, effort and progress)

5. perfect meditation (concentration)

6. perfect wisdom (prajna)

Six Periods of Day and Night

Six periods in a day, three for day and three for night, i.e.

1. Morning

2. Noon

3. Evening

4. Night

5. Midnight

6. Dawn.

Six Preparatory Practices

(Before meditation)

1. Cleaning up and setting up the altar

2. Make offerings on the altar

3. Sit comfortably, check the state of mind, taking refuge & generating bodhicitta

4. Visualize the merit field

5. Seven-limbed prayer and mandala offering

6. Request the guru for inspiration

Six Procedures for Attaining

1. determining where your mistakes lies; discriminating between good and evil

2. remedies for these mistakes

3. applying the remedies to correct the mistakes

4. from excessive quietude, innocence arises

5. quietude without consciousness leads to innocence; consciousness without quietude leads to discrimination

6. consciousness plus quietude leads to illumination, freeing the mind of discrimination and attachment

Six Propositons Of Hua-yen

1. manifesting object within object

2. manifesting subject within subject

3. manifesting object within subject

4. manifesting subject within object

5. manifesting subject and object

6. manifesting object and subject within subject

Six Psychic Power Or Six Supernatural Powers

1. the phychic power of the heavenly eye - divine sight

2. the psychic power of the heavenly ear - divine hearing

3. phychic power with regard to post lives - knowledge of all forms of previous existences of self and others

4. phychic power with regard to the minds- knowledge of the minds of all beings

5. the spiritually based psychic powers - power to appear at will in any place and to have absolute freedom

6. the psychic power of the extinction of outflows - insight into the ending of birth and death

Six Realms of Existence

Or Six Planes of Existence, See also "Evil Paths."

1. Hell-beings

2. Hungry ghosts

3. Animals

4. Humans

5. Asuras, anti-gods or demigods

6. Gods, celestials

These paths can be understood as states of mind.

Six Tastes

1. bitter

2. sour

3. sweet

4. hot

5. salty

6. plain

Six Yogas Of Naropa

Tantric meditation system, comprising the heart of the Completion Stage practice in the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism

Six Yogas Of Niguma

Meditation system similar to the 6 Yogas of Naropa

Six-session Guru Yoga

Set of daily tantric meditations intended to keep the daily tantric commitments

Seven Limbed Prayer

1. Prostration

2. Offering

3. Confession

4. Rejoicing

5. Requesting the Buddhas to remain and teach Dharma,

6. Dedication

Seven Aids To Enlightenment

(Jpn.: shichi-kakushi or shichi-bodaibun) Seven practices conducive to enlightenment. They are

1. Memory

2. Discrimination

3. Exertion

4. Joy,

5. Lightness and ease

6. Meditation

7. Impartiality (also referred to as indifference)

Seven Arrogances

1. to think that one is superior to those inferior to oneself and that one is equal to one's equals

2. to think that one is superior to one's equals and equal to those who are superior to oneself

3. to think that one is superior to those superior to oneself

4. to be attached to the self based on the delusion that one's life is a permanent entity

5. to think that one has gained a truth that one has not yet perceived

6. to think that one is not much inferior to those who far surpass oneself

7. to pretend to possess virtue when one lacks virtue

Seven Articles (Seven Possessions of A Monk)

1. three robes

2. one bowl

3. incense burner

4. whisk

5. prostration cloth

6. paper bedcloth

7. bathing articles

Seven Degrees of Enlightenment

1. discerning the true and the false (dharma-pravicaya-sambodhyanga)

2. zeal to practice the Dharma (virya-sambodhyanga)

3. delight in the Dharma (pritisambodhyanga)

4. riddance of all coarseness and weight of body and mind ( prasra-sambodhyanga)

5. power of remembering dhyana and prajna (smrti-sambodhyanga)

6. power to realize singleness of mind (samadhi-sambodhyanga)

7. indifference to, renunciation of, all states (upeksa-sambodhyanga)

Seven Emotions

1. pleasure

2. anger

3. sorrow

4. joy

5. love

6. hate

7. desire

Seven Fundamental Elements

1. fire

2. earth

3. water

4. wind

5. space

6. knowledge

7. perceptibility

Seven Gems or Seven Treasures

1. Gold

2. Silver

3. lapis lazuli

4. Crystal

5. Agate or Mother-of-pearl

6. Rubies or Red pearls

7. Carnelian

They represent the seven powers of

1. faith

2. perseverance

3. sense of shame

4. avoidance of wrongdoing

5. mindfulness

6. concentration

7. wisdom.

Seven Halls of A Zen Monastery

1. mountain gate (J. sanmon)

2. buddha hall (J. butsuden)

3. lecture hall (J. hatto)

4. latrine (J. tosu)

5. monks' hall (J. sodo)

6. bath house (J. yokushitusu)

7. kitchen-office (J. kuin)

Seven Items of a Teacher or Seven characteristics of a Teacher

1. great capacity and great function

2. swiftness of wit and eloquence

3. wondrous spirituality of speech

4. the active edge to kill or bring life

5. wide learning and broad experience

6. clarity of mirroring awareness

7. freedom to appear or disappear

Seven Points Vairochana Posture

1. legs in Vajra position;

2. hands in Meditation Mudra

3. back straight

4. eyelids half open, look to ground in front

5. tongue against upper pallet

6. shoulders straight

7. Mind relaxed

Seven Precious Objects

Possessions of a Universal Monarch (symbolizing the 7 Enlightenment factors):

1. Wheel (mindfulness)

2. Elephant (Wisdom)

3. Horse (Energy, Lung)

4. Jewel (Joy)

5. Queen (tranquility)

6. Minister (concentration)

7. General (equanimity).

Seven Purities

purity in

1. the precepts

2. in heart

3. in views

4. in doubt-discrimination

5. in judgement

6. in intellection

7. in nirvana

Seven Riches

1. hearing the Dharma

2. faith

3. discipline

4. meditation

5. zeal and devotion

6. abnegation

7. shame

Seven Title Classification

Sutra titles fall into seven classes accordingly to their reference to person, Dharma and analogy.

A Three Single

1 Solely by reference to people, e.g. the Amitabha Sutra

2 Solely by reference to Dharma, e.g. the Mahaparinirvana Sutra

3 Solely by analogy, e.g. The Brahma Net Sutra

B Three Paired

4 By reference to a person and a Dharma, e.g. The Sutra of the Questions of Manjushri

5 By reference to a person and an analogy, e.g. The Sutra of the Lion's Roar of the Thus Come One

6 By reference to a Dharma and an analogy, e.g. The Wonderful Dharma Lotus Flower Sutra.

C Three-in-one

7 By reference to person, Dharma and analogy together, e.g. The Great Universal Buddha Flower Adornment Sutra

Eight Leisures and Ten Endowments

Eight Leisures are freedom from:

1-5. rebirth as hell-being, preta, animal, demi-god or god,

6. incomplete organs

7. Five Heinous Crimes

8. no views opposite to Three Jewels

Ten Endowments:

1. human

2. organs intact

3. not having performed the Five Heinous Crimes

4. no views opposite Three Jewels

5. not crazy

6. living in land with Dharma

7. not living in a barbarian country

8. time when Dharma has appeared

9. Dharma teachers/centers/practitioners are around

10. people appreciate and help practitioners.

Eight Aspects Of Attaining The Way

1. the future Buddha's descent from the Tusita heaven

2. birth on earth

3. leaving home

4. cultivating ascetic practices

5. conquering demons

6. realizing enlightenment

7. teaching

8. entering final nirvana

Eight Auspicious Symbols Or Eight Lucky Signs

1. Umbrella

2. Fish

3. Treasure vase

4. Lotus

5. Conch

6. (long-life)-knot

7. Banner of victory

8. Dharma wheel

Eight Auspicious Symbols (ashtamangala)

1. parasol (symbol of royal dignity)

2. two fish (symbol of the universal monarch)

3. conch shell (symbol of victory in battle)

4. lotus blossom (symbol of purity)

5. vase of sacred water (the nectar of immortality)

6. furled banner (symbol of victory of spirituality)

7. knot of eternity

8. wheel of the Dharma

Eight Bodhisattvas

(Close entourtage of Shakyamuni buddha)

1. Manjushri

2. Vajrapani

3. Avalokiteshvara

4. Kshitigarbha

5. Sarvanivaranaviskambini

6. Akashagarbha

7. Maitreya

8. Samantabhadra

Eight Chinese Zen Schools

1. Oxhead School (Niutou Farong)

2. East Mountain School (Dayi Daoxin & Daman Hongren)

3. Northern School (Yuquan Shenxiu)

4. Southern School (Dajian Huineng)

5. Sichuan School (Zizhou Zhishen)

6. Heze School (Heze Shenhui)

7. Hongzhou School (Mazu Daoyi)

8. Hunan School (Shitou Xiqian)

Eight Difficult Situations to See The Buddha Or Hear The Dharma

1. hell

2. realm of hungry ghosts

3. realm of animals

4. remotest districts

5. heaven of longevity

6. realm of those born before and after the Buddha

7. realm of those with common sense or eloquence

8. realm of the blind, deaf and dumb

Eight Divisions Of Gods And Dragons

Devas (gods) Nagas (Dragons) and others of eight divisions (classes):

1. Deva

2. Nagas

3. Yakas

4. Ganharvas

5. Asuras

6. Gaudas

7. Kinaras

8. Mahoragas

Eight Liberations

1. liberation by examination and realization of the filthiness of all things

2. liberation when no subjectivie desire arises

3. liberation from all desires

4. liberation by realization of the infinity of space

5. liberation in realizing infinite knowledge

6. liberation in realizing nothingness

7. liberation where there is neither thought or no thought

8. liberation by the extinction of sensation (vedana) and conception (sanjna)

Eight Mysterious Qualities Of The Ocean

1. it gradually becomes deeper

2. being deep, its bottom is hard to fathom. Third,

3. its salty taste is the same everywhere

4. its ebb and flow follows certain rules

5. it contains various treasure storehouses

6. creatures of great size exist and dwell in it

7. it refuses to house corpses

8. it takes in all rivers and heavy rainfall without either increasing or decreasing

Eight Negations

The eight negations of Nagarjuna, founder of Madhyamika, are actually four pairs of

neither birth nor death
neither end nor permanence
neither identity nor difference
neither coming nor going.

This is one of the important concepts of the Middle Way, the ultimate truth of Buddhism and the reality character of all Dharma.

Eight Negations Of Nagarjuna

1. no elimination

2. no production

3. no destruction

4. no eternity

5. no unity

6. no manifoldness

7. no arriving

8. no departing

Eight Precepts Or Eight Mahayana Precepts

They are:

1 no killing

2 no stealing

3 no sexual misconduct

4 no false speech

5 no alcoholic drink

6 no cosmetic, personal adnornments, dancing or music

7 no sleeping on fine beds

8 no eating after noon

Eight Sufferings

1. Suffering of Birth

2. Suffering of Old Age

3. Suffering of Sickness

4. Suffering of Death

5. Suffering of being apart from the loved ones

6. Suffering being together with the despised ones

7. Suffering of not getting what one wants

8. Suffering of the flourishing of the Five Skandhas

Eight Verses Of Thought Transformation

Short essential text of the Kadampa Master Langri Thangpa.

Eight Winds

Winds of Eight Directions. Most people are usually moved by the winds of the eight directions:

1. Praise

2. Ridicule

3. Suffering

4. Happiness

5. Benefit

6. Destruction

7. Gain

8. Loss.

Eight Worldly Dharmas

Desire for:

1. Fame

2. Worldly pleasure

3. Material gain

4. Praise

Feeling unhappy when:

5. Loosing fame

6. Loosing worldly pleasure

7. Loosing material gain

8. When hearing harsh or unpleasant criticism towards ourselves.

Eight-fold Noble Path

Correct:

Eighteen Different Characters

There are eighteen different characters of a Buddha as compared with all other beings in the Nine Realms.

1 His perfection of body (or person)

2 His perfection of mouth (or speech)

3 His perfection of memory

4 His perfection of impartiality to all

5 Serenity

6 Self-sacrifice

7 Unceasing desire to save

8 Unflagging zeal therein to save

9 Unfailing thought thereto to save

10 Unceasing wisdom to save

11 Powers of deliverance

12 The principle of the powers of deliverance

13 Revealing perfect wisdom in deed

14 Revealing perfect wisdom in word

15 Revealing perfect wisdom in thought

16 Perfect knowledge of the past

17 Perfect knowledge of the future

18 Perfect knowledge of the present

Eightfold Noble Path

Or Eightfold Path or Middle Path. The way Buddha Gautama prescribed to reduce universal suffering.

1. Right view, beliefs (samyagdrsti)

2. Right intention, thought, aspirations (samyaksamkalpa)

3. Right speech, (samyag-vac)

4. Right action, conduct (samya-karmanta)

5. Right livelihood, (samyag-ajiva)

6. Right effort, zeal (samyag-vyayama)

7. Right mindfulness, rememberance of the right Dharma; (samyak-smrti)

8. Right concentration, meditation, contemplation (samyak-samadhi)

Nine Consciousness

1. sight consciousness (chakshur-vijnana )

2. hearing consciousness (shrota-vijnana)

3. smell consciousness (ghrana-vijnana)

4. taste consciousness (jihvavijnana)

5. touch consciousness (kaya-vijnana)

6. mind consciousness (mano-vijnana)

7. mano-consciousness; 'the inner spiritual world' (mano-vijnana)

8. alaya consciousness; 'store-house' consciousness; the 'unconscious' (alaya-vijnana)

9. amala consciousness; fundamental pure consciousness (amala-vijnana)

Nine Patriarchs Of T'ien T'ai

1. Nagarjuna

2. Hui Wen

3. Hui Ssu

4. Chih Che (Chih-i)

5. Kuan Ting

6. Fa Hua

7. T'ien Kung

8. Tso Ch'i

9. Chan Jan

Nine Realms

The nine realms of error, or subjection to passions, i.e. all the realms of the living except the tenth and highest, the Buddha-realm.

the hell,
the hungry ghost,
the animal,
the man,
the Asura,
the gods,
the Arhat (sound hearer),
the Arhat (enlightened to condition), and
the Bodhisattva.

Nine Round Breathing

Meditation technique using 9 in- and exhalations and visualisations to calm and clear the mind:

Nine Stages of Lotus Flowers

Or Nine Grades, Classes of Lotus Flowers/Nine Classes of Lotus Flowers, i.e.

1. upper superior

2. middle superior

3. lower superior

4. upper medium

5. middle medium

6. lower medium

7. upper inferior

8. middle inferior

9. lower inferior

which represent ninefold future life into Pure Land. The nine grades, or rewards, of the Pure Land, corresponding to the nine grades of development in the previous life, upon which depends, in the next life, one's distance from Amitabha, the consequent aeons that are required to approach Amitabha, and whether one's lotus will open early or late.